Multi-species Coral Sr/Ca Based Sea-Surface Temperature (SST) Reconstruction Data Using Orbicella faveolata and Siderastrea siderea from Dry Tortugas National Park, FL

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Multi-species Coral Sr/Ca Based Sea-Surface Temperature (SST) Reconstruction Data Using Orbicella faveolata and Siderastrea siderea from Dry Tortugas National Park, FL
Abstract:
This data release includes new sub annual and mean annual Sr/Ca records from two species of massive coral, Orbicella faveolata (coral B3) and Siderastrea siderea (coral CG2), from the Dry Tortugas National Park, FL (DTNP). We combine these new records with published Sr/Ca data from three additional S. siderea coral (DeLong et al., 2014) to generate a 278-year long multi-species stacked Sr/Ca-SST record from DRTO.
Supplemental_Information:
The coral samples and derived data were collected under the National Park Service Scientific Research and Collecting permits DRTO-2008-SCI-0015 and DRTO-2012-SCI-0001; accession numbers DRTO-241 and DRTO-353.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Flannery, Jennifer A., Richey, Julie N., Thirumalai, Kaustubh, Poore, Richard Z., and DeLong, Kristine L., 20161027, Multi-species Coral Sr/Ca Based Sea-Surface Temperature (SST) Reconstruction Data Using Orbicella faveolata and Siderastrea siderea from Dry Tortugas National Park, FL: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release doi:10.5066/F7CC0XS9, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.7728
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.0956
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 25.59047
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.62687
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date:
    Ending_Date: 2012
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    DryTortugas_Sr_Ca_SeaSurfaceTemps_1837_2012.csv, DryTortugas_Sr_Ca_SeaSurfaceTemps_1837_2012.xlsx
    These files contain attribute information for the Sr/Ca data collected from Orbicella faveolata B3 (1893-2008) and Siderastrea siderea CG2 (1837-2012). When viewing DryTortugas_Sr_Ca_SeaSurfaceTemps_1837_2012.csv, please note that empty fields (when no data are available) are not represented by any characters in this Comma Separated Value (CSV) file, thus one only sees the separator commas “,”. To view the data in a tab-delimited format arranged by column, please use the Excel spreadsheet. (Source: USGS)
    Date CG2 Sub Annual
    A date for the sub annual Sr/Ca data for coral core CG2 (Siderastrea siderea) (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1837.04
    Maximum:2012.12
    Units:Decimal Year
    CG2 Sub Annual Sr/Ca (mmol/mol)
    Sub Annual Sr/Ca (mmol/mol) values for coral core CG2 (Siderastrea siderea) (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:8.652
    Maximum:9.371
    Units:mmol/mol
    Date CG2 Annual
    A date in YYYY format for corresponding mean annual Sr/Ca values. Only years with complete annual cycles are included; therefore, the dataset stops at 2011. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1837
    Maximum:2011
    Units:Year
    CG2 Mean Annual Sr/Ca (mmol/mol)
    Mean Annual Sr/Ca (mmol/mol) values for coral core CG2 (Siderastrea siderea). Values were computed by taking the average of all Sr/Ca values within a calendar year. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:8.909
    Maximum:9.111
    Units:mmol/mol
    CG2 Extension Rate (mm/yr)
    CG2 Extension Rate (mm/yr). Values were computed by measuring the distance between summer Sr/Ca values. NaN represents years that did not have complete data. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:2.1
    Maximum:7.5
    Units:mm/yr
    Date B3 Sub Annual
    Dates for corresponding Sub Annual Sr/Ca (mmol/mol) values for coral core B3 (Orbicella faveolata). (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1893.29
    Maximum:2008.63
    Units:Decimal year
    B3 Sub Annual Sr/Ca (mmol/mol)
    Sub Annual Sr/Ca (mmol/mol) values for coral core B3 (Orbicella faveolata). (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:8.925
    Maximum:9.644
    Units:mmol/mol
    Date B3 Annual
    Date in YYYY format for corresponding mean annual Sr/Ca values. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1893
    Maximum:2008
    Units:Year
    B3 Mean Annual Sr/Ca (mmol/mol)
    Mean annual Sr/Ca values for coral core B3 (Orbicella faveolata). (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:9.106
    Maximum:9.337
    Units:mmol/mol
    B3 Extension Rate (mm/yr)
    Extension rate values for coral core B3 (Orbicella faveolata). Values were calculated by measuring the distance between summer Sr/Ca values. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:4.5
    Maximum:13
    Units:mm/yr
    Date Composite
    Date in the format of YYYY for the corresponding composite SST (ºC) values. These values include data from four Sr/Ca-SST records based on S. siderea from DeLong et al. (2014). (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1733
    Maximum:2011
    Units:Year
    Composite SST (ºC)
    Stacked Sr/Ca-SST (ºC) data. Data was produced by independently calibrating the Sr/Ca records to their species-specific calibration equations and stacking them together with two previously published Sr/Ca-SST records. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:23.74
    Maximum:27.63
    Units:Degrees Centigrade
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the dataset. Please review the detailed descriptions that are provided (the individual attribute descriptions) for information on the values that appear as fields/table entries of the dataset.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    The entity and attribute information was generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Jennifer A. Flannery
    • Julie N. Richey
    • Kaustubh Thirumalai
    • Richard Z. Poore
    • Kristine L. DeLong
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Jennifer A. Flannery
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
    600 4th St. South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727-502-8043 (voice)
    jflannery@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

In this study we present two new coral Sr/Ca-SST records from DTNP with well-constrained chronologies and approximately monthly sampling resolution. These new records are combined with three published Sr/Ca-SST records from DTNP (DeLong et al., 2014) to generate a stacked Sr/Ca-SST record that incorporates five distinct coral colonies and two different species spanning 1733-2011. This new record is situated in a region that is sensitive to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) variations, and, therefore, provides insight into the link between the two systems.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 08-Aug-2008 (process 1 of 2)
    The United States Geological Survey collected the coral cores used in this study in the area of Pulaski Shoal at the northern end of DTNP in 2008 (S. siderea colonies A and F1, utilized in DeLong et al., 2014; O. faveolata colony B3) and 2012 (S. siderea colony CG2). Another S. siderea colony (93DRYSS2) was collected from DTNP in 1993 (DeLong et al., 2014). Subsampling of both coral species was done using a tri-axial micromill. Skeletal samples of O. faveolata B3 were removed along a continuous thecal wall with a 0.5 mm drill-bit and 0.5 mm forward increment, and for Siderastrea siderea, a 1.0 mm drill-bit with a 0.417 mm forward increment was used. Between 88 and 237 μg of subsampled skeletal powder was weighed out for each sample from each of the corals and was acidified using ultrapure 2% HNO3 in order to obtain sample solutions with a target Ca concentration of 20 ppm. A PerkinElmer 7300 dual view inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used to make the Sr/Ca determinations. The Sr/Ca records were converted to SST using calibration equations specific to each colony (O. faveolata: Sr/Ca = -0.0392*SST + 10.205; S. siderea: Sr/Ca = -0.043*SST + 10.11). The Sr/Ca-SST records produced in this study using O. faveolata and S. siderea were combined with four Sr/Ca-SST records based on S. siderea from DeLong et al. (2014) and composited into a stacked Sr/Ca-SST record spanning 1733–2011. We incorporated analytical and calibration uncertainty (S. siderea, DeLong et al. 2014; O. faveolata, Flannery and Poore, 2013) in a Monte Carlo framework (n=5000) while converting the Sr/Ca records to SST, prior to combining them. A median SST stack along with corresponding 32nd, and 68th percentile error bounds were produced. Frequency analysis using the multi-taper method (number of tapers = 3) was performed using KSpectra version 3.4.3 with a red noise AR1 process to test for confidence at the 95% level.
    Date: 13-Oct-2020 (process 2 of 2)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    DeLong, K. L., J. A. Flannery, R. Z. Poore, T. M. Quinn, C. R. Maupin, K. Lin, and C. C. Shen, 2014, A reconstruction of sea surface temperature variability in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico from 1734 to 2008 C.E. using cross-dated Sr/Ca records from the coral Siderastrea siderea.

    Flannery, J. A., and R. Z. Poore, 2013, Sr/Ca Proxy Sea-Surface Temperature Reconstructions from Modern and Holocene Montastraea faveolata Specimens from the Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, U.S.A..

    Online Links:

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints:
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of these data in future products or derivative research.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    Jennifer A. Flannery
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
    600 4th St. South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727-502-8043 (voice)
    jflannery@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    This publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 13-Oct-2020
Metadata author:
Jennifer A. Flannery
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Chemist
600 4th St. South
St. Petersburg, FL
USA

727-502-8043 (voice)
jflannery@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/spcmsc/DryTortugas_Sr_Ca_SeaSurfaceTemps_1837_2012_metadata.faq.html>
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