U.S. Geological Survey
20170317
FIIS_Breach_Shorelines.shp - Fire Island National Seashore Wilderness Breach Shoreline Data Collected from Fire Island, New York, October 2014 to September 2016
vector digital data
U.S. Geological Survey Data Release
doi:10.5066/F7G15Z17
St. Petersburg, Florida
U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
https://doi.org/10.5066/F7G15Z17
Rachel Hehre Henderson
Cheryl J. Hapke
Owen T. Brenner
B.J. Reynolds
20150325
Hurricane Sandy Beach Response and Recovery at Fire Island, New York: Shoreline and Beach Profile Data, October 2012 to October 2014
U.S. Geological Survey Data Series
DS 931
St. Petersburg, Florida
U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
https://doi.org/10.3133/ds931
Hurricane Sandy made U.S. landfall, coincident with astronomical high tides, near Atlantic City, New Jersey, on October 29, 2012. The storm, the largest on historical record in the Atlantic basin, affected an extensive area of the east coast of the United States. The highest waves and storm surge were focused along the heavily populated New York and New Jersey coasts. At the height of the storm, a record significant wave height of 9.6 meters (m) was recorded at the wave buoy offshore of Fire Island, New York. During the storm an overwash channel opened a breach in the location of Old Inlet, in the Otis Pike High Dunes Wilderness Area. This breach is referred to as the wilderness breach (fig 1).
Fire Island, New York is the site of a long term coastal morphologic change and processes project conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). One of the objectives of the project was to understand the morphologic evolution of the barrier system on a variety of time scales (days - years - decades - centuries). In response to Hurricane Sandy, this effort continued with the intention of resolving storm impact and the response and recovery of the beach. The day before Hurricane Sandy made landfall (October 28, 2012), a USGS field team conducted differential global positioning system (DGPS) surveys at Fire Island to quantify the pre-storm morphologic state of the beach and dunes. The area was re-surveyed after the storm, as soon as access to the island was possible. In order to fully capture the recovery of the barrier system, the USGS Hurricane Sandy Supplemental Fire Island Study was established to include collection in the weeks, months, and years following the storm.
As part of the USGS Hurricane Sandy Supplemental Fire Island Study, the beach is monitored periodically to enable better understanding of post-Sandy recovery. The alongshore state of the beach is recorded using a DGPS to collect data around the mean high water elevation (MHW; 0.46 meter North American Vertical Datum of 1988) to derive a shoreline, and the cross-shore response and recovery are measured along a series of 15 profiles. Monitoring continued in the weeks following Hurricane Sandy with additional monthly collection through April 2013 and repeat surveys every 2–3 months thereafter until October 2014. Bi-annual surveys have been collected through September 2016. Beginning in October 2014 the USGS also began collecting shoreline data at the Wilderness breach. The shoreline collected was an approximation of the MHW shoreline. The operator walked an estimated MHW elevation above the water line and below the berm crest, using knowledge of tides and local conditions to interpret a consistent shoreline. See below for survey collection dates for all data types.
This shapefile FIIS_Breach_Shorelines.shp consists of Fire Island, NY breach shorelines collected following an interpreted MHW shoreline as identified in the field.
Oct 28 2012 (MHW shoreline/Cross-shore data)
Nov 01 2012 (MHW shoreline/Cross-shore data)
Nov 04 2012 (Cross-shore data only)
Dec 01 2012 (MHW shoreline/Cross-shore data)
Dec 12 2012 (MHW shoreline/Cross-shore data)
Jan 10 2013 (MHW shoreline/Cross-shore data)
Feb 13 2013 (MHW shoreline/Cross-shore data)
Mar 13 2013 (MHW shoreline/Cross-shore data)
Apr 09 2013 (MHW shoreline/Cross-shore data)
Jun 24 2013 (MHW shoreline/Cross-shore data)
Sep 18 2013 (MHW shoreline/Cross-shore data)
Dec 03 2013 (MHW shoreline/Cross-shore data)
Jan 29 2014 (MHW shoreline/Cross-shore data)
Jun 11 2014 (Cross-shore data only)
Sep 09 2014 (MHW shoreline/Cross-shore data)
Oct 07 2014 (Cross-shore data/MHW Breach shoreline)
Jan 21 2015 (MHW shoreline/Cross-shore data/Breach shoreline)
Mar 19 2015 (MHW shoreline/Cross-shore data)
May 16 2015 (MHW shoreline/Cross-shore data/Breach shoreline)
Set 28 2015 (MHW shoreline/Cross-shore data/Breach shoreline)
Jan 21 2016 (MHW shoreline/Cross-shore data)
Jan 25 2016 (MHW shoreline/Cross-shore data)
Apr 06 2016 (Cross-shore data only)
Apr 11 2016 (MHW shoreline/Cross-shore data/Breach shoreline)
Jun 16 2016 (Cross-shore data only)
Sep 27 2016 (MHW shoreline/Cross-shore data/Breach shoreline)
Starting in October of 2014, data along the breach located in the Otis Pike National High Dune Wilderness Area was collected to monitor the breach opening. The USGS is continuing to monitor the beaches, dunes and breach to evaluate how much of the sand removed by Hurricane Sandy returns to the beach via natural beach-building processes.
20141007
20141008
20150120
20150121
20150318
20150319
20150516
20150929
20160412
20160926
20160927
ground condition
As needed
-72.902970
-72.890551
40.726277
40.720695
USGS Metadata Identifier
USGS:210f116e-0917-4397-8ffd-ffc085ebb638
ISO 19115 Topic Category
geoscientificInformation
oceans
environment
elevation
USGS Thesaurus
geology
geomorphology
coastal processes
unconsolidated deposits
None
Shoreline
Wet Dry Line Shoreline
Hurricane Sandy
October 2012
Accretion
Erosion
St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
DSAS
Digital Shoreline Analysis System
Baseline
U.S. Geological Survey
Breach
oceans and coastal
oceans and estuaries
NPS Abbreviations
Fire Island National Seashore
FIIS
National Park Service
Northeast Region
New York
None
Atlantic Ocean
New York
Fire Island
Fire Island Lighthouse
None
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre)
mailing address
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg
FL
33701
USA
(727)-502-8000
rehenderson@usgs.gov
Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.0.4.4000
M. J. Pajak
S. Leatherman
2002
The High Water Line as Shoreline Indicator
Journal of Coastal Research
Vol. 18, No. 2
Coconut Creek, FL
Coastal Education & Research Foundation, Inc.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/4299078
Cheryl J. Hapke
Owen Brenner
Rachel Hehre
B.J. Reynolds
20130827
Coastal Change from Hurricane Sandy and the 2012-13 Winter Storm Season: Fire Island, New York
U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report
2013-1231
St. Petersburg, Florida
U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Suggested citation: Hapke, C.J., Brenner, Owen, Hehre, Rachel, and Reynolds, B.J., 2013, Coastal change from Hurricane Sandy and the 2012-13 winter storm season-Fire Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 20131231, 37 p., http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1231/.
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1231/
The breach shoreline data provided here is a compilation of shorelines that were collected using USGS-specific field-collection methods over the course of two years following hurricane Sandy, which made landfall in New Jersey on October 29, 2012.
Adjacent shoreline segments do not overlap and are not necessarily continuous. Shorelines were quality checked for accuracy.
This shoreline file is complete and contains all shoreline segments derived from Post-Sandy data collection efforts. These data adequately represented the shoreline position at the time of the survey.
The positional variability of an interpolated MHW (mean high water) shoreline is influenced primarily by tides, winds, waves and beach slope. Similarly, other water level based proxies (HWL - high water line, LHTS- last high tide swash) have positional variability which is weather and tide dependent. Drawing from data presented in Pajak and Leathermann (2002), a conservative estimate of HWL variability (given tide range and beach slope) of 10 m could be assessed for Fire Island, given the similar tide range (1.3 m) and average beach slopes (4.3-6.7°) at Fire Island compared to values published for the examples at Assateague Island, MD (0.7 m, and 4-6°) and Duck, NC (1.1 m, and 8-10°). For the breach shoreline collected approximating MHW, under the same influence of tides and slope, we expect the same positional uncertainty as is observed for the HWL shoreline. Thus a conservative estimate of breach shoreline positional uncertainty of 10 m.
The repeatability of interpreting the same WDL line (verses additional wrack lines) is estimated by the operator to be 1 m.
Uncertainties derived from equipment limitations and post processing of the data is estimated to be 0.01 m and 0.04 m respectively.
In total, the shoreline positional uncertainty for the shorelines collected at the wilderness Breach are the square root of the sum of the squares of the following terms.
suare root of (10^2+1^2+0.01^2+0.04^2) = 10.05 meters
10.05
The horizontal positional accuracy is found as the quadrature summation of the errors described in the positional accuracy report. The value is found by taking the sqrt (10^2+1^2+0.01^2+0.04^2) = 10.05 meters
B.J. Reynolds
Owen Brenner
Cheryl J. Hapke
Unpublished material
FIIS DGPS shoreline data
tabular digital data
In order to examine the shoreline dynamics associated with Hurricane Sandy and monitor the continued response and recovery, surveys of continuous alongshore DGPS data were collected in conjunction with cross-shore profiles and surveys of the breach shoreline. Multiple shore-parallel tracklines were collected to capture the base of the dune, the mid-beach, and the upper and lower foreshore along the length of the island from Fire Island lighthouse to the western side of the storm-induced inlet breach at Old Inlet.
Initial surveys were conducted one day prior to landfall and immediate post-storm surveys were conducted over the three days following Hurricane Sandy. The beaches and dunes were resurveyed monthly from December 2012 through April 2013, and bi-monthly surveys are presently ongoing. Starting in October of 2014, data along the breach located in the Otis Pike National High Dune Wilderness Area was collected to monitor the breach opening. The USGS is continuing to monitor the beaches, dunes and breach to evaluate how much of the sand removed by Sandy returns to the beach via natural beach-building processes.
.csv file
20141007
20141008
20150120
20150121
20150318
20150319
20150516
20150929
20160412
20160926
20160927
ground condition
DGPS DATA DATE
Tabular DGPS data (collected in ASCII format) was converted to vector digital data and edited using Esri ArcMap v 10.0 to publish shoreline data in a GIS environment.
Breach Shoreline from tabular DGPS Data (Oct 2014 - Sept 2016)
Continuous alongshore DGPS data were collected along the western and eastern sides of the breach shoreline, at a user approximated MHW line. These data were converted from tabular files to vector shorelines. For each survey date, ASCII point data were imported into ArcMap as polyline shapefiles.
DGPS DATA DATE
20160930
FIIS_Breach_Shorelines_date
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre)
mailing address
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg
FL
33701
USA
(727)-502-8000
rehenderson@usgs.gov
The shoreline file FIIS_Breach_Shorelines_date was coded with attribute fields: FID, DATE_, and UNCERT (Uncertainty). These fields are required for the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS), which can be used to calculate change rates. Additional fields: Agency, Proxy, Data_Sourc, NOTES_, and Originator, were added to comply with the existing historical shoreline shapefile database for Fire Island. Agency refers to the contact organization (ex: USGS, NPS), Proxy is the shoreline proxy used to derive the shoreline (ex: MHW, HWL, WDL), Data_Sourc is the material or source of the shoreline data (ex: lidar, air photos, GPS), NOTES_ indicates the extent of the shoreline data along Fire Island, and the Originator_ attribute is the contact organization and contact person responsible for the generation of the shoreline.
20160930
U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre)
mailing address
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg
FL
33701
USA
(727)-502-8000
rehenderson@usgs.gov
The positional variability of an interpolated MHW (mean high water) shoreline is influenced primarily by tides, winds, waves and beach slope. Similarly, other water level based proxies (HWL - high water line, LHTS- last high tide swash) have positional variability which is weather and tide dependent. Drawing from data presented in Pajak and Leathermann (2002), a conservative estimate of HWL variability (given tide range and beach slope) of 10 m could be assessed for Fire Island, given the similar tide range (1.3 m) and average beach slopes (4.3-6.7°) at Fire Island compared to values published for the examples at Assateague Island, MD (0.7 m, and 4-6°) and Duck, NC (1.1 m, and 8-10°). For the breach shoreline collected approximating MHW, under the same influence of tides and slope, we expect the same positional uncertainty as is observed for the HWL shoreline. Thus a conservative estimate of breach shoreline positional uncertainty of 10 m.
The repeatability of interpreting the same WDL line (verses additional wrack lines) is estimated by the operator to be 1 m.
Uncertainties derived from equipment limitations and post processing of the data is estimated to be 0.01 m and 0.04 m respectively.
In total, the shoreline positional uncertainty for the shorelines collected at the Wilderness Breach are the square root of the sum of the squares of the following terms.
suare root of (10^2+1^2+0.01^2+0.04^2) = 10.05 meters
20160930
U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre)
mailing address
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg
FL
33701
USA
(727)-502-8000
rehenderson@usgs.gov
All breach shorelines were appended into one feature class (in a personal geodatabase). ArcToolbox>>Data Management Tools>>General>>Append
FIIS_Breach_Shorelines_date
20160930
FIIS_Breach_USGS
U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre)
mailing address
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg
FL
33701
USA
(727)-502-8000
rehenderson@usgs.gov
Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.
20201013
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Vector
String
12
Universal Transverse Mercator
18
0.9996
-75.0
0.0
500000.0
0.0
coordinate pair
0.6096
0.6096
meters
North American Datum of 1983
Geodetic Reference System 80
6378137.0
298.257222101
FIIS_Breach_USGS
Vector shorelines
U.S. Geological Survey
FID
Internal feature number.
Esri
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Shape
Feature geometry.
ESRI
Coordinates defining the features.
DATE_
Date assigned to MHW shoreline position; date of original survey as indicated on source material in the format mm/dd/yyyy.
USGS
Character string of length 10. Date expressed as mm/dd/yyyy.
UNCERT
Estimate of shoreline position uncertainty. Actual shoreline position is expected to be within the range of this value (plus or minus, meters). See the section on horizontal positional accuracy for more detailed description.
USGS
10
Uncertainty of the shoreline position
USGS
Agency
Originator Agency of material used to derive shoreline.
USGS
USGS
The U.S. Geological survey is responsible for the collection of this data
USGS
Proxy
Method used to determine shoreline.
USGS
Approximate MHW shoreline
The breach shorleine, collected to approximate the MHW elevation
USGS
Data_Sourc
Source (type) of data used to generate the shoreline.
USGS
DGPS Post Sandy Field Data Collection
Source (type) of data used to generate the shoreline.
USGS
NOTES_
Notes about each shoreline, including a description of coverage and data gaps alongshore.
USGS
Character string of length 150
Originator
The person or persons responsible for interpreting the tabular field data to the MHW shoreline.
USGS
USGS
The U.S. Geological Survey is responsible for the collection and preperation of this data
USGS
Shape_Leng
Length of feature in meters units (UTM zone 18N NAD 83) automatically calculated by Esri software in the geodatabase.
Esri
277.4530
1089.4819
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
mailing address
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg
FL
33701
USA
(727) 502-8000
rehenderson@usgs.gov
FIIS_Breach_Shoreliens.shp
Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
WinZip
15.5
Esri polyline shapefile
This WinZip file contains a shapefile of 12 shorelines for Wilderness Breach at Fire Island, NY.
Use WinZip or pkUnzip
https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7G15Z17/data/Breach_Shoreline.zip
None
20201013
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre)
mailing address
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg
FL
33701
USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone
rehenderson@usgs.gov
0800-1600 Eastern Time
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998
local time