Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ilsa B. Kuffner Publication_Date: 20220309 Title: Underwater temperature on off-shore coral reefs of the Florida Keys, U.S.A. Edition: 7.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ilsa B. Kuffner Publication_Date: 20160121 Title: Underwater temperature data collected from off-shore coral reefs of the Florida Keys, U.S.A. Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey data release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/F71C1TZK Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F71C1TZK Description: Abstract: The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coral Reef Ecosystems Studies (CREST) project (https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/crest/) provides science that helps resource managers tasked with the stewardship of coral reef resources. Coral reef organisms are very sensitive to high and low water-temperature extremes. It is critical to precisely know water temperatures experienced by corals and associated plants and animals that live in the dynamic nearshore environment to document thresholds in temperature tolerance. This dataset provides underwater temperature data recorded every fifteen minutes from 2009 to 2021 at six off-shore coral reefs in the Florida Keys, USA. From northeast to southwest, these sites are Fowey Rocks (Biscayne National Park), Molasses Reef (Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, FKNMS, site terminated in 2013), Crocker Reef (FKNMS, site added in 2013), Sombrero Reef (FKNMS), Pulaski Shoal Light (Dry Tortugas National Park), and Pulaski Shoal West (Dry Tortugas National Park, site added in 2016). Portions of the dataset included here were interpreted in conjunction with coral and/or algal calcification rates in publications including Kuffner and others (2020), and Lenz and others (2021). See the cross-reference section of the metadata for a complete list of publications. Purpose: Data were obtained to assess the dynamic, underwater temperature environment experienced by coral reef organisms. These data will be used to ground truth sea-surface temperatures measured by satellites, improve hydrodynamic and heat-transfer models, and to inform conservation and management decisions. Supplemental_Information: Scientific research permits: The data were collected under the Biscayne National Park permits: BISC-2009-SCI-0019; BISC-2010-SCI-0035; BISC-2011-SCI-0025; BISC-2013-SCI-0011; BISC-2014-SCI-0020; BISC-2015-SCI-0003; BISC-2016-SCI-0003; BISC-2017-SCI-0011; BISC-2017-SCI-0011; BISC-2018-SCI-0014; BISC-2019-SCI-0010; BISC-2020-SCI-0013; accession number BISC-228. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary permits: FKNMS-2008-062-A1; FKNMS-2010-068; FKNMS-2010-122; FKNMS-2013-024-A2; FKNMS-2016-085; FKNMS-2019-139-A1. Dry Tortugas National Park permits: DRTO-2009-SCI-0009; DRTO-2011-SCI-0004; DRTO-2013-SCI-0008; DRTO-2015-SCI-0010; DRTO-2016-0010; DRTO-2017-SCI-0001; DRTO-2019-SCI-0005; DRTO-2021-SCI-0013; accession number DRTO-274. To ensure that USGS-St. Petersburg data management protocols were followed, each survey was assigned the following USGS field activity number (FAN): 09CBC01, 09CBC02, 09CBC03, 09CBC04, 09CBC05, 10CBC01, 10CBC02, 10CBC03, 10CBC04, 11CBC01, 11CBC02, 11CBC03, 12CBC02, 12CBC03, 12CBC04, 13CBC01, 13CBC02, 13CBC03, 13CBC04, 2014-332-FA, 2015-313-FA, 2015-319-FA, 2015-337-FA, 2016-323-FA, 2016-357-FA, 2017-311-FA, 2017-352-FA, 2018-327-FA, 2018-359-FA, 2019-316-FA, 2019-367-FA, 2020-307-FA and 2021-343-FA. Additional survey and data details are available from the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System (CMGDS) at, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20090413 Ending_Date: 20211111 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: In work Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.7728 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.0956 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 25.59047 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.62687 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:0a62622e-d86e-4a53-a798-412315a44a6b Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: coelenterates Theme_Keyword: aquatic biology Theme_Keyword: marine geology Theme_Keyword: reef ecosystems Theme_Keyword: sea surface temperature Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: underwater temperature Theme_Keyword: coral reef Theme_Keyword: coral bleaching Theme_Keyword: SST Theme_Keyword: in situ temperature Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: oceans Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System Place_Keyword: Biscayne National Park Place_Keyword: Dry Tortugas National Park Place_Keyword: Florida Keys Place_Keyword: Florida Place_Keyword: Monroe County Place_Keyword: Sombrero Key Place_Keyword: Pulaski Shoal Place_Keyword: Crocker Reef Place_Keyword: Molasses Reef Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Place_Keyword: Fowey Rocks Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Stratum_Keyword: seafloor Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Temporal_Keyword: Modern Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of these data in future products or derivative research. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ilsa B. Kuffner Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: U.S.A. Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ikuffner@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: Acknowledgment of the USGS Coastal/Marine Hazards and Resources Program, as a data source, would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices for data source is expected. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 (Build 17763.1637) Service Pack 1; Excel version 2102 (Build 13801.21086) Click-to-Run. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Kuffner, I. B. Originator: Hickey, T. D. Originator: Morrison, J. M. Publication_Date: 20130608 Title: Calcification rates of the massive coral Siderastrea siderea and crustose coralline algae along the Florida Keys (USA) outer-reef tract Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Publication (Journal) Series_Information: Series_Name: Coral Reefs Issue_Identification: Volume 32, Issue 4 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Heidelberg, Germany Publisher: Springer Berlin Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-013-1047-8 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Kuffner, I. B. Originator: Roberts, K. E. Originator: Flannery, J. A. Originator: Morrison, J. M. Originator: Richey, J. N. Publication_Date: 20170103 Title: Fidelity of the Sr/Ca proxy in recording ocean temperature in the western Atlantic coral Siderastrea siderea Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Publication (Journal) Series_Information: Series_Name: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems Issue_Identification: Volume 18, Issue 1 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Hoboken, New Jersey Publisher: Wiley Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GC006640 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Kuffner, I. B. Originator: Toth, L. T. Originator: Hudson, J. H. Originator: Goodwin, W. B. Originator: Stathakopoulos, A. Originator: Bartlett, L. A. Originator: Whitcher, E. M. Publication_Date: 20190425 Title: Improving estimates of coral reef construction and erosion with in situ measurements Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Publication (Journal) Series_Information: Series_Name: Limnology and Oceanography Issue_Identification: Volume 64, Issue 5 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Hoboken, New Jersey Publisher: Wiley Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11184 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Kuffner, I. B. Originator: Stathakopoulos, A. Originator: Toth, L. T. Originator: Bartlett, L. A. Publication_Date: 20201217 Title: Reestablishing a stepping-stone population of the threatened elkhorn coral Acropora palmata to aid regional recovery Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Publication (Journal) Series_Information: Series_Name: Endangered Species Research Issue_Identification: Volume 43 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany Publisher: Inter-Research Science Publisher Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01083 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Lenz, E. A. Originator: Bartlett, L. A. Originator: Stathakopoulos, A. Originator: Kuffner, I. B. Publication_Date: 20210622 Title: Physiological differences in bleaching response of the coral Porites astreoides along the Florida Keys reef tract during high-temperature stress Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Publication (Journal) Series_Information: Series_Name: Frontiers in Marine Science Issue_Identification: Volume 8 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Lausanne, Switzerland Publisher: Frontiers Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.615795 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. Logical_Consistency_Report: No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Temperature data were recorded with Onset HOBO Water Temp Pro V2 (U22-001) data loggers, in duplicate, at each site. Loggers were attached to concrete blocks fixed to the reef with stainless-steel rods and epoxy at depths of 11 to 16 feet of seawater. The 15-minute interval temperature data reported are the means of two loggers approximately 30 to 50 feet apart and within 1 to 3 feet in depth from one another. All loggers were placed at the same height above the substratum (approximately 2 to 4 inches). Every six months, using a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA), new loggers were carried underwater by divers at the USGS and swapped with the old loggers such that there was always an overlapping time segment when all four loggers were underwater (also known as, "hot-swapped"). In rare cases when one logger was lost or damaged during deployment, the temperature from a single logger is reported. There is only one short gap in the dataset, for Fowey Rocks (five data points on May 4, 2010 between 10:45 and 11:45), due to logger programming issues. Measurements were stopped at Molasses Reef in April 2013, did not begin at Crocker Reef until June 2013, and did not begin at Pulaski Shoal West until December 2016. Data collection continues at the five current sites and the data release will be updated, as needed. Process_Date: 20090413 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Nov2021.csv, FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Nov2021.xlsx Entity_Type_Definition: This file contains attribute information for the coral underwater temperature dataset collected from the Florida Keys from April 2009 to November 2021. When viewing, FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Nov2021.csv, please note that empty fields (sites where no temperature values were recorded) are not represented by any characters in this Comma Separated Value (CSV) file, thus one only sees the separator commas ",". To view the data in a tab-delimited format arranged by column, please use the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (XLSX). Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Time, GMT-04:00 Attribute_Definition: Site-specific date and time information downloaded from the HOBO Water Temp Pro V2 data loggers. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Dates are expressed in MM/DD/YYYY format; times are presented in Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) minus four hours HH:MM format. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Date Attribute_Definition: Date, in MM/DD/YYYY format Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 04/13/2009 Range_Domain_Maximum: 11/11/2021 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Time Attribute_Definition: Time, in HH:MM format. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Times were recorded using GMT -04:00. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Pulaski Light Attribute_Definition: Underwater temperature (degrees Celsius) at Pulaski Shoal Light (24.69355°N, 82.77280°W) in 16 feet of seawater, data from June 2009 to November 2021. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 18.438 Range_Domain_Maximum: 31.727 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Celsius Attribute: Attribute_Label: Sombrero Attribute_Definition: Underwater temperature (degrees Celsius) at Sombrero Reef (24.62687°N, 81.10893°W) in 14 feet of seawater, data from July 2009 to October 2021. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 16.01 Range_Domain_Maximum: 33.183 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Celsius Attribute: Attribute_Label: Molasses Attribute_Definition: Underwater temperature (degrees Celsius) at Molasses Reef (25.01047°N, 80.37530°W) in 13 feet of seawater, data from April 2009 to April 2013. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 14.074 Range_Domain_Maximum: 31.842 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Celsius Attribute: Attribute_Label: Fowey Attribute_Definition: Underwater temperature (degrees Celsius) at Fowey Rocks (25.59047°N, 80.09560°W) in 13 feet of seawater, data from August 2009 to October 2021. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 18.485 Range_Domain_Maximum: 32.459 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Celsius Attribute: Attribute_Label: Crocker Attribute_Definition: Underwater temperature (degrees Celsius) at Crocker Reef (24.90908°N, 80.52665°W) in 13 feet of seawater, data from June 2013 to October 2021. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 19.710 Range_Domain_Maximum: 32.368 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Celsius Attribute: Attribute_Label: Pulaski West Attribute_Definition: Underwater temperature (degrees Celsius) at Pulaski Shoal West (24.70280°N, 82.79883°W) in 12 feet of seawater, data from December 2016 to November 2021. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 19.924 Range_Domain_Maximum: 32.150 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Celsius Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the dataset. Please review the detailed descriptions that are provided (the individual attribute descriptions) for information on the values that appear as fields/table entries of the dataset. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ilsa B. Kuffner Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: U.S.A. Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ikuffner@usgs.gov Resource_Description: FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Nov2021.csv, FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Nov2021.xlsx Distribution_Liability: This publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: comma-delimited text, Microsoft Excel format Format_Version_Number: none Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F71C1TZK/data/FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Nov2021.zip Fees: None. No fees are applicable for obtaining the dataset. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20220309 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ilsa B. Kuffner Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Geology Science Center Contact_Position: Research Marine Biologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: U.S.A. Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8048 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ikuffner@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998