Underwater temperature on off-shore coral reefs of the Florida Keys, U.S.A. (Version 9)

Frequently anticipated questions:

• What does this data set describe?
  1. How might this data set be cited?
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
• Who produced the data set?
  1. Who are the originators of the data set?
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
• Why was the data set created?
• How was the data set created?
  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
• How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?
  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the data, including topology?
• How can someone get a copy of the data set?
  1. Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
  2. Who distributes the data?
  3. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  4. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
  5. How can I download or order the data?
• Who wrote the metadata?

What does this data set describe?

1. How might this data set be cited?
   Kuffner, Ilsa B., 20241101, Underwater temperature on off-shore coral reefs of the Florida Keys, U.S.A. (Version 9):.

   This is part of the following larger work.
   Kuffner, Ilsa B., 20160121, Underwater Temperature on Off-shore Coral Reefs of the Florida Keys, U.S.A.: U.S. Geological Survey data release doi:10.5066/F71C1TZK, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.5066/F71C1TZK

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.8674
   East_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.09560
   North_Bounding_Coordinate: 25.59047
   South_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.62074
   

3. What does it look like?
4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Beginning_Date: 13-Apr-2009

   Ending_Date: 10-Jul-2024

   Currentness_Reference:

   ground condition

5. What is the general form of this data set?

   Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
   

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      
   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      
7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

   FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Jul2024.csv, FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Jul2024.xlsx

   This file contains attribute information for the coral underwater temperature dataset collected from the Florida Keys from April 2009 to July 2024. When viewing, FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Jul2024.csv, please note that empty fields (sites where no temperature values were recorded) are not represented by any characters in this Comma Separated Value (CSV) file, thus one only sees the separator commas ",". To view the data in a tab-delimited format arranged by column, please use the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (XLSX). (Source: USGS)

   Time, GMT-04:00

   Site-specific date and time information downloaded from the HOBO Water Temp Pro V2 data loggers. (Source: USGS) Dates are expressed in MM/DD/YYYY format; times are presented in Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) minus four hours HH:MM format.

   Date

   Date, in MM/DD/YYYY format. (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	04/13/2009
   Maximum:	07/10/2024

   Time

   Time, in HH:MM format. (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	00:00
   Maximum:	23:45

   Pulaski Light

   Underwater temperature (degrees Celsius) at Pulaski Shoal Light (24.69355°N, 82.77280°W) in 16 feet of seawater, data from June 2009 to May 2024. (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	18.438
   Maximum:	32.652
   Units:	Celsius

   Sombrero

   Underwater temperature (degrees Celsius) at Sombrero Reef (24.62687°N, 81.10893°W) in 14 feet of seawater, data from July 2009 to August 2022. (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	16.01
   Maximum:	33.183
   Units:	Celsius

   Molasses

   Underwater temperature (degrees Celsius) at Molasses Reef (25.01047°N, 80.37530°W) in 13 feet of seawater, data from April 2009 to April 2013. (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	14.074
   Maximum:	31.842
   Units:	Celsius

   Fowey

   Underwater temperature (degrees Celsius) at Fowey Rocks (25.59047°N, 80.09560°W) in 13 feet of seawater, data from August 2009 to July 2024. (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	18.485
   Maximum:	32.820
   Units:	Celsius

   Crocker

   Underwater temperature (degrees Celsius) at Crocker Reef (24.90908°N, 80.52665°W) in 13 feet of seawater, data from June 2013 to August 2022. (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	19.710
   Maximum:	32.368
   Units:	Celsius

   Pulaski West

   Underwater temperature (degrees Celsius) at Pulaski Shoal West (24.70280°N, 82.79883°W) in 12 feet of seawater, data from December 2016 to May 2024. (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	19.924
   Maximum:	32.859
   Units:	Celsius

   Garden Key

   Underwater temperature (degrees Celsius) at Garden Key (24.62074°N, 82.8674°W) in 7 feet of seawater, data from May 2022 to May 2024. (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	20.103
   Maximum:	33.482
   Units:	Celsius

   Brewster

   Underwater temperature (degrees Celsius) at Brewster Reef (25.56676°N, 80.09974°W) in 13 feet of seawater, data from May 2023 to July 2024. (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	21.569
   Maximum:	32.549
   Units:	Celsius

   Shadow

   Underwater temperature (degrees Celsius) at Shadow Reef (25.47775°N, 80.14088°W) in 12 feet of seawater, data from May 2023 to July 2024. (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	20.138
   Maximum:	33.261
   Units:	Celsius

   BBNorth

   Underwater temperature (degrees Celsius) at Ball Buoy North (25.31877°N, 80.18426°W) in 11 feet of seawater, data from May 2023 to July 2024. (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	20.591
   Maximum:	33.248
   Units:	Celsius

   Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

   The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the dataset. Please review the detailed descriptions that are provided (the individual attribute descriptions) for information on the values that appear as fields/table entries of the dataset.

   Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

   The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.

Who produced the data set?

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
   • Ilsa B. Kuffner
2. Who also contributed to the data set?
   Acknowledgment of the USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, as a data source, would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices for data source is expected.
3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
   Ilsa B. Kuffner

   U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

   600 4th Street South

   Saint Petersburg, FL
   

   U.S.A.

   727-502-8000 (voice)

   ikuffner@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

How was the data set created?

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: 10-Jul-2024 (process 1 of 1)

   Temperature data were recorded with Onset® HOBO® Water Temp Pro V2 (U22-001) data loggers, in duplicate, at each site. The data-logger manufacturer (Onset Brands, Bourne, MA, U.S.A.) reports accuracy: ±0.21°Celsius (C) from 0° to 50°C (±0.38°Fahrenheit [F] from 32° to 122°F). In 2021, a temperature-accuracy check was added to the logger-launch protocol using a 0°C-degree ice-bath as described on the Onset website (https://www.onsetcomp.com/resources/tech-notes/quick-temp-accuracy-check-ice-bath). In doing so, no loggers have been found outside of the reported specifications. Loggers were attached to concrete blocks fixed to the reef with stainless-steel rods and epoxy at depths of 7 to 16 feet (ft) of seawater. The 15-minute interval temperature data reported are the means of two loggers approximately 30 to 50 feet apart and within 1 to 3 feet in depth from one another. All loggers were placed at the same height above the substratum (approximately 2 to 4 inches). Every six months, using a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA), new loggers were carried underwater by divers at the USGS and swapped with the old loggers such that there was always an overlapping time segment when all four loggers were underwater (also known as, "hot-swapped"). In rare cases when one logger was lost or damaged during deployment, the temperature from a single logger is reported. There is a short gap in the dataset for Fowey Rocks (five data points on May 4, 2010, between 10:45 and 11:45), due to logger programming issues, and a long gap, also at Fowey Rocks (October 14, 2021, to May 21, 2023) due to loss of both loggers. Measurements at now discontinued sites were made at Molasses Reef from April 2009 to April 2013, at Crocker Reef from June 2013 to August 2022, and at Sombrero Reef from July 2009 to August 2022. Data collection continues at three sites in the Dry Tortugas National Park (Pulaski West, Pulaski Light and Garden Key) and four sites in Biscayne National Park (Ball Buoy North, Shadow Reef, Brewster Reef, and Fowey Rocks), and the data release will continue to be updated.

3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
   Kuffner, I.B., Hickey, T.D., and Morrison, J.M., 20130608, Calcification rates of the massive coral Siderastrea siderea and crustose coralline algae along the Florida Keys (USA) outer-reef tract: Coral Reefs Volume 32, Issue 4, Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-013-1047-8

   Kuffner, I.B., Roberts, K.E., Flannery, J.A., Morrison, J.M., and Richey, J.N., 20170103, Fidelity of the Sr/Ca proxy in recording ocean temperature in the western Atlantic coral Siderastrea siderea: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems Volume 18, Issue 1, Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GC006640

   Kuffner, I.B., Toth, L.T., Hudson, J.H., Goodwin, W.B., Stathakopoulos, A., Bartlett, L.A., and Whitcher, E.M., 20190425, Improving estimates of coral reef construction and erosion with in situ measurements: Limnology and Oceanography Volume 64, Issue 5, Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11184

   Kuffner, I.B., Stathakopoulos, A., Toth, L.T., and Bartlett, L.A., 20201217, Reestablishing a stepping-stone population of the threatened elkhorn coral Acropora palmata to aid regional recovery: Endangered Species Research Volume 43, Inter-Research Science Publisher, Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01083

   Lenz, E.A., Bartlett, L.A., Stathakopoulos, A., and Kuffner, I.B., 20210622, Physiological differences in bleaching response of the coral Porites astreoides along the Florida Keys reef tract during high-temperature stress: Frontiers in Marine Science Volume 8, Frontiers, Lausanne, Switzerland.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.615795

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

1. How well have the observations been checked?
   No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted.
2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
   No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted.
3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
   No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted.
4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
   Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
   No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
   
   U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

   Attn: USGS SPCMSC Data Management

   600 4th Street South

   Saint Petersburg, FL
   

   United States

   727-502-8000 (voice)

   gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov
2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Jul2024.csv, FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Jul2024.xlsx
3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
   This publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
4. How can I download or order the data?
   • Availability in digital form:

     Data format:	comma-delimited text, Microsoft Excel format
     Network links:	https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F71C1TZK/data/FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Jul2024.zip

   • Cost to order the data: None. No fees are applicable for obtaining the dataset.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:

Last modified: 01-Nov-2024

Metadata author:

U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

Attn: USGS SPCMSC Data Management

600 4th Street South

Saint Petersburg, FL

United States

727-502-8000 (voice)

gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:

Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)