Jenna A. Brown Bryce J. McClenney Steve E. Suttles 20260317 1.0 raster digital data Jenna A. Brown Bryce J. McClenney Steve E. Suttles 20260311 U.S. Geological Survey data release doi:10.5066/P1NLPWRP St. Petersburg, Florida U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center https://doi.org/10.5066/P1NLPWRP An oceanographic radar sensor was deployed from January 18 to April 23, 2024, at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Field Research Facility (FRF) in Duck, North Carolina, towards the beginning of the FRF research pier. The location in local FRF cross-shore (x) and alongshore (y) coordinates is x = 200 meters (m) and y = 524 m. This dataset provides 1) 5 hertz (Hz) time series data of distance measurements (in meters), relative to the radar sensor, and associated water level elevations (in meters), referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88), and 2) hourly mean water level elevations (in meters), referenced to NAVD88, and wave parameters. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed an instrument package, utilizing a commercially available oceanographic radar sensor, to use for measuring storm waves and water levels in the nearshore, capable of being deployed rapidly, and transmitting data in near real-time. Several radar packages were deployed at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Field Research Facility (FRF) in Duck, North Carolina to test the performance and accuracy of the radar sensor. For further information regarding this work, refer to the associated journal article (Brown and others, 2025). Following USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC) data management protocols, these data were assigned a USGS field activity number (FAN), 2022-352-FA. Additional data details are available on the Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System (CMGDS) at: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2022-352-FA 20240118 20240423 ground condition Complete None planned -75.749359 -75.749359 36.182590 36.182590 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:453abe74-612c-407d-b8a9-3049645dbf4a ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans geoscientificInformation USGS Thesaurus ocean sciences time series datasets real-time monitoring and reporting Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords physical oceanography water level measurements oceanography None U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program CMHRP St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center SPCMSC Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Duck Dare County State of North Carolina Atlantic Ocean No access constraints. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details. These data are marked with a Creative Common CC0 1.0 Universal License. These data are in the public domain and do not have any use constraints. U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center USGS SPCMSC Data Management mailing and physical

600 4th St S

St Petersburg FL 33701 727-502-8000 gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 11 Enterprise Version 23H2; Python (version 3.12.8). Brown, J.A. McClenney, B. Dickhudt, P. 20260305 Coastal Research Library Volume 41 Switzerland Springer, Cham Pages 696–702 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-15473-6_106 Nowacki, D.J. Suttles, S.E. Bales, R.D. De Meo, O.A. 20241202 U.S. Geological Survey software release doi:10.5066/P13IQYFW Santa Cruz, CA U.S. Geological Survey - Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center https://doi.org/10.5066/P13IQYFW The Geolux® oceanographic radar sensor (Geolux® LX-80-15 10 Hz) has a stated measurement accuracy of 2 millimeters (mm). Data was compared with nearby long-term monitoring observations to validate the measurements. For further information, refer to the associated journal article (Brown and others, 2025). Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Data quality assurance and control was performed by removing erroneous values (when distance = 15 and/or water level = 7999) and linearly interpolating over small (less than one minute) time gaps; longer time gaps are due to insufficient power when the solar panel was dirty. Site location was determined based on the local USACE FRF coordinate system and using USACE survey maps to determine the world coordinates in the World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84) coordinate system. The elevation of the radar sensor, referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88), was surveyed with differential leveling based from a known benchmark (NGS Designation: 865 1370 K Tidal) and had a closure of 0.002 feet (less than 1 millimeter). DEPLOYMENT - An instrument package was developed by the USGS consisting of a commercially available, non-contact oceanographic radar sensor, a data logger, a cellular modem, and an external battery housed inside a water-tight box, with a cellular antenna and solar panel affixed on the outside of the lid. Multiple radar instrument packages were built, with one each being deployed at three locations along the USACE FRF research pier including at the seaward ocean-facing end (x=600m) from August 18, 2022, to present, and at the middle (x=300m) and near the beginning (x=200m) from January 18, 2024, to April 23, 2024. Each box was attached to the FRF pier railing using specially fabricated stainless-steel L-shaped mounting arms that can be installed quickly and do not require drilling into the structure. Each radar was deployed such that the sensor extends over the water surface with no obstructions below (e.g., pier deck, piling, rocks) and with the box secured and as level as possible. The elevation of each sensor was surveyed to a known datum (NAVD88) using differential leveling. 20240118 Bryce J. McClenney Hydrologic Technician mailing and physical

3916 Sunset Ridge Rd

Raleigh NC 27607 USA 919-571-4082 bjmcclen@usgs.gov DATA COLLECTION - The non-contact oceanographic radar sensor (Geolux® LX-80-15 10 Hz) directly measured the elevation of the sea surface using a frequency-modulated electromagnetic (radio) wave to detect the distance from the sensor to the water surface and relating that to the surveyed elevation of the radar sensor. The radar sampled continuously at 10 Hz, and a data logger was used to save down-sampled 5 Hz time series data, which was transmitted in near real-time over a cellular network connection. 20240423 Bryce J. McClenney Hydrologic Technician mailing and physical

3916 Sunset Ridge Rd

Raleigh NC 27607 USA 919-571-4082 bjmcclen@usgs.gov DATA PROCESSING - The 5 Hz time series data were minimally quality-controlled, with erroneous spikes (when distance = 15 and/or water level = 7999, which are the instrument default values for bad data) replaced with the fill value (not-a-number) and gaps in the water level time series of less than 60 seconds filled with linear interpolation; longer time gaps are due to insufficient power when the solar panel was dirty or sensor maintenance. Then, the data were processed to compute mean water levels and wave conditions and converted into network common data form (netCDF, .nc) files with stglib python libraries (Nowacki and others, 2024), a package of code to process data consistent with procedures of the USGS Coastal/Marine Hazards and Resources Program. More information about stglib can be found here: https://stglib.readthedocs.io/en/latest/. Attributes describing the variables and conforming to CF (Climate and Forecast) Metadata Convention (version 1.8) were added to each file by stglib. Times are in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and water levels are in meters, referenced to NAVD88. NetCDF filenames include location (FRFx200 to represent the local FRF cross-shore coordinate of x=200m), deployment date (YYYYMM), an abbreviation of the instrument type ("glx" for Geolux® radar), and a designation for the file type, which is either "cont" for continuous time series data, or "spec" for wave spectra and statistics. 20250131 *.nc Jenna A. Brown Physical Scientist mailing and physical

700 W Research Blvd

Fayetteville AR 72701 USA 479-442-4888 jenniferbrown@usgs.gov Raster 0.00001 0.00001 Decimal degrees WGS 84 WGS 84 6378137.000000 298.257224 North American Vertical Datum 1988 0.1 meters Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates The Climate and Forecast (CF)-compliant metadata (version CF-1.8) in the header of the netCDF files provide information about the conventions used for attributes in the dataset. Times are in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). NetCDF filenames include location (FRFx200 to represent the local FRF cross-shore coordinate of x=200m), deployment date (YYYYMM), an abbreviation of the instrument type ("glx" for Geolux® radar), and a designation for the file type, which is either "cont" for continuous time series data, or "spec" for wave spectra and statistics. The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center USGS SPCMSC Data Management mailing and physical

600 4th St S

St. Petersburg FL 33701 727-502-8000 gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov FRFx200_202401glx_cont.nc, FRFx200_202401glx_spec.nc, FRFx200_202402glx_cont.nc, FRFx200_202402glx_spec.nc, FRFx200_202403glx_cont.nc, FRFx200_202403glx_spec.nc, FRFx200_202404glx_cont.nc, FRFx200_202404glx_spec.nc, FRFx200_2024.zip Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NetCDF netCDF-4, CF-1.8 Time-series data in netCDF format following Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Conventions (version 1.8). Uncompressed individual files per month and compressed files per year provided. 462 https://doi.org/10.5066/P1NLPWRP This is the link to the data release webpage where the netCDF files can be downloaded individually (per month), or as a zip file (per year). Datasets are grouped per distance in the cross-shore direction (x = 200, 300, or 600 meters) along the FRF pier. None These data can be viewed with any software capable of reading netCDF files. 20260317 U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center USGS SPCMSC Data Management mailing and physical

600 4th St S

St. Petersburg FL 33701 727-502-8000 gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998