Shallow ATRIS Seafloor Images - West Turtle Shoal Patch Reef, Rawa PatchReef, Dustan Rocks Patch Reef, and Thor Patch Reef, Florida, 2011

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Shallow ATRIS Seafloor Images - West Turtle Shoal Patch Reef, Rawa PatchReef, Dustan Rocks Patch Reef, and Thor Patch Reef, Florida, 2011
Abstract:
Underwater digital images, single-beam bathymetry, and global-positioning system (GPS) data were collected September 29-30, 2011 around Dustan Rocks Patch Reef, Thor Patch Reef, West Turtle Shoal Patch Reef, and Rawa Patch Reef in the Florida Keys. A total of 101,734 images were collected, covering 4672 square meteres (m2) of reef habitat. This data release contains a subset of 1,420 images, organized into four sets: Track1, Track2, Track3, and Track4. These images were used for coral bleaching assessments, contain GPS data and also include additional, survey-specific Exchangable Image File format (EXIF) header information. The data were collected using the USGS shallow Along-Track Reef-Imaging System (sATRIS), a boat-based, pole-mounted sensor package for mapping shallow-water benthic environments. Two other implementations exist: A towed system called Deep ATRIS and a profiling system called Drift ATRIS. All three ATRIS implementations incorporate a digital still camera, a video camera, and an acoustic depth sounder. In this study, sATRIS images were collected at a rate of 10 hertz (Hz), the single-beam depth soundings at 10 Hz, and the GPS data at 1 Hz. The survey was conducted using the USGS research vessel (R/V) Halimeda, running at a nominal speed of 2 knots.
Supplemental_Information:
ATRIS images are saved in the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) format using a quality factor of 1000 (highest quality/minimal compression). Since the camera and depth sounder are co-located, sounding data corresponds to the distance of the camera above the seafloor. Because the camera and depth sounder are separated from the GPS antenna (Ashtech Geodetic IV antenna, Part Number 701975-01) by a fixed distance (521.5 cm), water depth can be estimated from these distance measurements. GPS position, collection date and time, and camera distance-above-seafloor are stored in the EXIF header of each image. Note: the cited cross reference primarily discusses Deep ATRIS, however, the same camera and control software are used for sATRIS. More information on ATRIS can be found in Lidz and Zawada 2013, and Zawada 2003.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    U.S. Geological Survey, 20161215, Shallow ATRIS Seafloor Images - West Turtle Shoal Patch Reef, Rawa PatchReef, Dustan Rocks Patch Reef, and Thor Patch Reef, Florida, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release doi:10.5066/F73N21H0, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -81.05149124
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.93480663
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.7181095
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.67076243
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Calendar_Date: 29-Sep-2011
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Image
      This is a Raster data set.
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest .0000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest .0000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1983 (CORS96).
      The ellipsoid used is Geodetic Reference System 80.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222101.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Altitude_System_Definition:
      Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (GEOID09)
      Altitude_Resolution: 0.20
      Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
      Altitude_Encoding_Method:
      Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    Each image EXIF header contains: comment, artist, image description, copyright, credit, contact, keywords, caption, GPS latitude, GPS longitude, GPS latitude reference, GPS longitude reference, water depth (labeled as "GPS altitude"), GPS altitude reference, camera distance-to-seafloor (labeled as "subject distance"), GPS image direction, GPS time stamp, and GPS date stamp.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    To extract the information from the image headers using ExifTool, the following command can be used (tested with ExifTool version 9.4.6.0): exiftool.exe -csv -f -filename -GPSTimeStamp -GPSDateStamp -GPSLongitude -GPSLongitudeRef -GPSLatitude -GPSLatitudeRef -GPSImageDirection -GPSAltitude -GPSAltitudeRef -n -SubjectDistance -Artist -Credit -Comment -Keywords -Caption -Copyright -CopyrightNotice -Caption -Contact -ImageDescription directoryname/*.jpg > out.csv > The -csv flag writes the information out in a comma-delimited format. The -n option formats the latitude and longitude as signed decimal degrees.

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • U.S. Geological Survey
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices for data source is expected. Sharing of new data layers developed directly from these data would also be appreciated by the U.S. Geological Survey staff. Users should be aware that comparisons with other datasets for the same area from other periods may be inaccurate because of inconsistencies resulting from changes in photointerpretation, mapping conventions, and digital processes over time. These data are not legal documents and are not to be used as such.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    David Zawada
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL
    Research Oceanographer
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727 502-8132 (voice)
    727 502-8181 (FAX)
    dzawada@usgs.gov
    Hours_of_Service: M-F, 9:00-5:00 ET

Why was the data set created?

These data were collected to support a collaborative project between the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Costal and Marine Science Center and the Coral Reef Evaluation and Monitoring Project (CREMP) of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute. The purpose of this study, was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Along-Track Reef Imaging System (ATRIS), an automated image-acquisition technology, for assessing a moderate bleaching event that occurred in the summer of 2011 in the Florida Keys. Data obtained from ATRIS were compared to diver-based bleaching assessments conducted contemporaneously by the Florida Reef Resilience Program (FRRP). More than 100,000 images were collected over 2.7 km of transects spanning four patch reefs in a 3-hour period. Corals were assigned to one of four categories: not bleached, pale, partially bleached, and bleached. This dataset was acquired during USGS field activity number 11CRE05, additional survey and data details are available at http://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=11CRE05.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 05-Oct-2011 (process 1 of 7)
    High-resolution, geo-located images of the seafloor were captured between September 29-30, to characterize the seafloor and ground truth benthic habitat mapping efforts. The sATRIS was deployed from the USGS R/V Halimeda following pre-determined survey tracklines. GPS data were simultaneously collected at a fixed land-based location (24° 43' 2.85569", -81° 05' 2.36802") and on the R/V Halimeda during image and bathymetry acquisition using Ashtech Z-Xtreme GPS receivers. In this study, sATRIS images were collected at a rate of 10 hertz (Hz), the single-beam depth soundings at 10 Hz, and the GPS data at 1 Hz. The GPS data were differentially corrected using GrafNav Version 8.40.5121, converted to the North American Datum of 1983(CORS96) and the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (using the GEOID12A model) using in-house software, and have sub-decimeter accuracy. Please note that these data are not suitable for navigational use, nor for determining absolute elevation measurements. Person who carried out this activity:
    BJ Reynolds
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL
    Engineering Technician
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727 502-8067 (voice)
    breynolds@usgs.gov
    Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:00-4:00 ET
    Date: 08-Aug-2016 (process 2 of 7)
    Raw sATRIS images exhibit barrel distortion due to the wide-angle camera lens. Images were corrected using an in-house image de-warping algorithm (see Zawada, D.G. 2003). These data are stored on hard drives and archived at the U.S. Geological Survey office in St. Petersburg, Florida. Person who carried out this activity:
    David Zawada
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL
    Research Oceanographer
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727 502-8132 (voice)
    dzawada@usgs.gov
    Hours_of_Service: M-F, 9-5 ET
    Date: 18-Nov-2011 (process 3 of 7)
    Water depths were computed for each sATRIS image with valid, differentially-corrected GPS and depth-sounder data using in-house-developed software. Not all images have valid GPS and/or sounder data. These images could not be differentially-corrected, and no water depths were computed for them. These data are stored on hard drives and archived at the U.S. Geological Survey office in St. Petersburg, Florida. Person who carried out this activity:
    Dave Zawada
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL
    Research Oceanographer
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727 502-8132 (voice)
    dzawada@usgs.gov
    Hours_of_Service: M-F, 9-5 ET
    Date: 25-Aug-2016 (process 4 of 7)
    Additional Exif headers information was added to images using ExifTool by Phil Harvey (http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil.exiftool). A Java program was developed by USGS staff to make the Exif header editing process faster and more automated. The tags we populated in the headers are: Caption, Artist, Credit, Copyright, CopyrightNotice, Comment, Keywords, Contact, Caption-Abstract, GPSLatitude, GPSLatitudeRef, GPSLongitude, GPSLongitudeRef, GPSAltitude, GPSAltitudeRef, SubjectDistance, GPSTimeStamp, GPSDateStamp. Person who carried out this activity:
    Dave Zawada
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL
    Research Oceanographer
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727 502-8132 (voice)
    dzawada@usgs.gov
    Hours_of_Service: M-F, 9:00-5:00 ET
    Date: 12-Oct-2016 (process 5 of 7)
    A Java program was developed to extract only the images that were both used for the coral bleaching assessment, and contained valid GPS and depth data. This subset of images is all that is available in this data release. Person who carried out this activity:
    Dave Zawada
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL
    Research Oceanographer
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727 502-8132 (voice)
    dzawada@usgs.gov
    Hours_of_Service: M-F, 9:00-5:00 ET
    Date: 27-Oct-2016 (process 6 of 7)
    Metadata created in Notepad++ Person who carried out this activity:
    David Zawada
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL
    Research Oceanographer
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727 502-8132 (voice)
    dzawada@usgs.gov
    Hours_of_Service: M-F, 9:00-5:00 ET
    Date: 13-Oct-2020 (process 7 of 7)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Lidz, BH and Zawada DG, 2013, Possible Return of Acropora cervicornis at Pulaski Shoal, Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida: Journal of Coastal Research v. 29, p. 256-271.

    Online Links:

    D.G., Zawada, 2003, Image processing of underwater multispectral imagery: IEEE Journal. of Oceanic Engineering v. 28 (4), p. 583-594.

    Online Links:

    • 10.1109/JOE.2003.819157

    Zawada, D.G., Ruzicka, R., and Colella, M.A., 2015, A comparison between boat-based and diver-based methods for quantifying coral bleeching: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology v. 30, p. 39-44.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    All soundings were collected with an Airmar EchoRange SS510 Smart Sonar Depth Sensor. Manufacturer specifications state a 9° beam angle; a depth reading range of 0.4m to 200m; a depth resolution of 0.01m; a depth precision of 0.25% at full range; and a frequency of 200 kHz.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Sub-decimeter in horizontal accuracy.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    Typically, sub-decimeter vertical elevation accuracies for these data are based on analysis of survey-line crossings. Vertical accuracies may differ based on the type of terrain and the accuracy of the GPS measurements.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Some of the sATRIS images collected during this survey did not have GPS and/or depth sounder data, due to drop-outs or recording errors. Images without GPS data could not be differentially corrected, and no water depths were computed for them, so they were excluded from this data release.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Data cover area specified for this project without known issues.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of these data in future products or derivative research.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: David Zawada
    Research Oceanographer
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727 502-8132 (voice)
    Hours_of_Service: M-F, 9:00-5:00 ET
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? FRRP2011_ATRIS_track1, FRRP2011_ATRIS_track2, FRRP2011_ATRIS_track3, FRRP2011_ATRIS_track4
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. Is there some other way to get the data?
    Contact U.S. Geological Survey for details.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 13-Oct-2020
Metadata author:
David Zawada
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL
Research Oceanographer
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL
USA

727 502-8132 (voice)
dzawada@usgs.gov
Hours_of_Service: M-F, 9:00-5:00 ET
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/spcmsc/FRRP2011_ATRIS_metadata.faq.html>
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