Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ginger Tiling-Range Publication_Date: 20170802 Title: Using fossilized charcoal to corroborate the Everglades fire history geodatabase Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/F7VM49G3 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7VM49G3 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ginger Tiling-Range Originator: Thomas J. Smith III Originator: Ann M. Foster Originator: Joseph M. Smoak Originator: Joshua L. Breithaupt Publication_Date: 20190802 Title: Utilizing fossilized charcoal to augment the Everglades National Park Fire History Geodatabase Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: multimedia presentation Publication_Information: Publication_Place: New York, NY Publisher: Journal of Environmental Management Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109360 Description: Abstract: Fire in the Everglades National Park (ENP) has historically been influential in shaping the Everglades ecosystem. As a result, ENP has been documenting fire events since 1948, and these data have been incorporated into an Esri ArcGIS geodatabase (Smith, T.J. III, and others, 2015). According to this geodatabase, 757,078 hectares of wetlands burned from 1948 to 2011. The main type of vegetation that has burned is comprised of palustrine and estuarine wetlands; however, there are areas in ENP that are comprised of these wetlands but have no documented fire events. Consequently, scientists at the USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center question the accuracy of the data in this geodatabase. The abundance of fossil charcoal in sediment cores has been used, historically, as a fire proxy so to test the accuracy of this data, USGS scientists examined fossil charcoal in sediment cores taken from six locations in ENP. Two of the cores were taken from areas with well-documented fire events and four cores where taken from areas with no documented fire events. USGS scientists also dated three of the cores using excess Lead-210 (210Pb). Based on charcoal abundance in these cores, USGS scientists were able to verify documented fire events in the geodatabase. Furthermore, the presence of fossil charcoal in cores from areas with no documented fire events indicate that fire events did, in fact, occur in these areas in 1948-1964 and 1950-1980. These findings indicate the presence of fire events that are undocumented in the Esri geodatabase and suggest that 210Pb-dating is a promising method for reconstructing a regional fire history. Purpose: Sediment cores in Everglades National Park were taken to study fossil charcoal abundance to validate the fire geodatabase and to aid in historic fire history reconstruction. Supplemental_Information: This publication contains data for two field activities conducted in 2009 and 2013. Field Activity Number (FAN) 09LME01 occurred between July 20 and 24, 2009 (https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=09LME01) and FAN 13LME01 from May 6 – May 8, 2013 (https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=13LME01). Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1948 Ending_Date: 2011 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -81.004959857 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.799153884 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 25.418556739 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 25.316787508 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:6f4b4597-a82f-423a-bd94-ea0549cccf1b Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Fire History Theme_Keyword: Everglades Theme_Keyword: Charcoal Theme_Keyword: Marsh Theme_Keyword: Fossil Charcoal Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: environment Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: ecology Theme_Keyword: land use change Theme_Keyword: geochemistry Theme_Keyword: fire Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Science Directory Theme_Keyword: BIOSPHERE > ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS > FIRE ECOLOGY Theme_Keyword: TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS > WETLANDS > MARSHES Theme_Keyword: DOI/USGS/CMG > COASTAL AND MARINE GEOLOGY, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: Everglades National Park Place_Keyword: Florida Place_Keyword: Monroe County Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Stratum_Keyword: Landsurface Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Temporal_Keyword: Recent Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of these data in future products or derivative research. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ginger Tiling-Range Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4Th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8081 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gtrange@usgs.gov Native_Data_Set_Environment: Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.3.1 (Build 4959) Service Pack N/A (Build N/A) Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Thomas J. Smith III, Ann M. Foster, and John W. Jones Publication_Date: 2015 Title: Fire History of Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve, Southern Florida Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Gainesville, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1034/ Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. Logical_Consistency_Report: No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Six sediment cores were collected from Everglades National Park (ENP) in July 2009 and May 2013, using a Russian Peat Corer. Sediment collected in the Russian Peat Corer was transferred to half-sectioned 50-centimeter (cm) PVC tubes. These tubes were sealed in plastic and labeled according to site location name. Four of the cores were taken from areas that have no record of fire (SH2M2 WSC2B, Tarpon 1, MPR West 1, OIH SE) and two cores were taken from areas with well-documented fire history (SH5 WSC8B, MPR West 2). Cores MPR West 1, OIH SE and MPR West 2 contained a mixture of peat and marl sediment whereas cores SH2M2 WSC2B, SH5 WSC8B and Tarpon 1 were highly organic peat with no marl. These cores were transferred to the St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center and were refrigerated for preservation prior to laboratory processing. Process_Date: 2013 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Ginger Tiling-Range Contact_Position: Geologist/GIS Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8081 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gtrange@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Two cubic centimeters (cc) of sediment was subsampled down all six cores every two cm. Each subsample was placed into a 400 ml beaker and placed under a fume hood for the next processing step for charcoal analysis. Process_Date: 2014 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Ginger Tiling-Range Contact_Position: Geologist/GIS Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8081 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gtrange@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: To remove organic material that obscured visualization of charcoal from the peat samples (SH2M2 WSC2B, SH5 WSC8B and Tarpon 1), 200 ml of 20% Hydrogen peroxide (H202) was poured into beakers containing the peat subsamples and placed on a hot late at 50C (degrees Celsius). These samples were left in the solution, under a fume hood, until the organics were no longer visible and charcoal was easily visualized. Process_Date: 2014 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Ginger Tiling-Range Contact_Position: Geologist/GIS Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8081 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gtrange@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: To remove calcite marl that obscured visualization of charcoal from samples containing marl and peat (MPR West 1, OIH SE and MPR West 2), 200 ml of 1 Normal Hydrochloric acid (1N HCl) was poured into beakers containing the marl/peat subsamples and placed on a hot plate at 50C. These samples were left in the solution, under a fume hood, until the marl was no longer visible. Process_Date: 2014 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Ginger Tiling-Range Contact_Position: Geologist/GIS Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8081 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gtrange@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Following the 1N HCl treatment to remove the marl, the marl/peat subsamples(MPR West 1, OIH SE and MPR West 2) were placed in 200 ml of 20% H202 on a hot plate at 50C to remove the remaining organic material. These samples were left in the solution, under a fume hood, until the organics were no longer visible and that charcoal was easily visualized. Process_Date: 2014 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Ginger Tiling-Range Contact_Position: Geologist/GIS Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8081 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gtrange@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: After all six samples were treated with H2O2 or HCl, they were sieved through 250, 125, and 63 micron(µm) sediment sieves. The resulting sieved material was then placed in petri dishes, labeled according to core identification (ID), depth and sieve size, then placed under a fume hood to dry for two to three days. Process_Date: 2014 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Ginger Tiling-Range Contact_Position: Geologist/GIS Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8081 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gtrange@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Once all the organic and marl material had been removed from the samples, a paper-counting grid was created for counting charcoal particles and was subsequently placed under a petri dish containing the subsampled sediments. The number of charcoal particles in each grid cell were visualized and counted using a stereomicroscope. Charcoal was classified in each sample into three size classes: small (63 µµm), medium (125 µm) and large (250 µm). These classes were based on the sediment sieve size. The count for each size class was then entered into a Microsoft Excel 2010 workbook. Process_Date: 2014 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: SH2M2 WSC2B.xlsx Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: SH5 WSC8B.xlsx Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Tarpon 1.xlsx Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: MPR West 1.xlsx Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: OIH SE.xlsx Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: MPR West 2.xlsx Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Ginger Tiling-Range Contact_Position: Geologist/GIS Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8080 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gtrange@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Prior to charcoal analysis processing, sediment from SH2M2 WSC2B, Tarpon 1 and SH5 WSC8B cores were collected every 2 cm for age-dating. Gama activities measurements were made using an intrinsic germanium detector coupled to a multi-channel analyzer. Freeze dried and ground sediments were packed and sealed in gamma tubes for 21 days. Activity for 210Pb was measured using the 46.5 Kiloectronvolt (keV) peak and Radium-226 (226Ra) by using Lead-214 (214Pb) (351.9 keV peak) as its proxy. Dates have been calculated following the Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) model. The results from this age-dating were used to date the 2 cm sample intervals in the peat cores. Process_Date: 2014 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Pb-210 Dates_WSC 2B 8B.xlsx Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: SH5_WSC8b_Pb_210.xlsx Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: TAR-1 CRS-B well 1.xlsx Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: University of South Florida Contact_Person: Joseph M. (Donny) Smoak Contact_Position: Professor Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical Address: 140 7th Avenue South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 873-4078 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: smoak@mail.usf.edu Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20201013 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 58 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Fire_cores.csv Entity_Type_Definition: CSV table containing sediment core details, charcoal abundance and 210Pb ages Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Latitude Attribute_Definition: Latitude (WGS84) Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 25.316750 Range_Domain_Maximum: 25.42126 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal Degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Longitude Attribute_Definition: Longitude (WGS84) Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -81.0599 Range_Domain_Maximum: -80.6479 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal Degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Date collected Attribute_Definition: Date of sediment core collection Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 7/22/2009 Range_Domain_Maximum: 5/8/2013 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: dates Attribute: Attribute_Label: Core ID Attribute_Definition: Name of sediment core collected Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: MPR West 1, MPR West 2, OIH SE, S5 WSC8B, SH2M2 WSC2b, Tarpon1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Depth cm Attribute_Definition: The depth of the sediment core sample Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 16 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: cm Attribute: Attribute_Label: Status Attribute_Definition: Denotes if the core was taken from an area with documented historic fire events (Burned) or no documented historic events (Not burned) Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Burned, not burned Attribute: Attribute_Label: No. of small charcoal pieces less than 63 um Attribute_Definition: The number of small charcoal particles found at each depth interval Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1252 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: count or abundance Attribute: Attribute_Label: No. of medium charcoal pieces less than 125 um Attribute_Definition: The number of medium charcoal particles found at each depth interval Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 615 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: count or abundance Attribute: Attribute_Label: No. of large charcoal pieces less than 250 um Attribute_Definition: The number of large charcoal particles found at each depth interval Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 322 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: count or abundance Attribute: Attribute_Label: Total no. of charcoal pieces Attribute_Definition: The number of total charcoal particles found at each depth interval Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1971 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: count or abundance Attribute: Attribute_Label: Pb-210_age Attribute_Definition: Age of sediment interval at depth based on Lead-210 dating. If the sample was not dated, that is denoted as "Not done". Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1876 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2013 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ginger Tiling-Range Contact_Organization: U. S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4Th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8081 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gtrange@usgs.gov Distribution_Liability: This digital publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Comma Separated Values (CSV) Format_Version_Number: None Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7VM49G3/data/Fire_history_cores.zip Fees: None. No fees are applicable for obtaining the dataset. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20210224 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ginger T Range Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, SOUTHEAST REGION Contact_Position: Geologist / GIS Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4Th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8081 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gtrange@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998