Foraminiferal Mg/Ca data from IODP sediment core U1446

Frequently anticipated questions:

• What does this data set describe?
  1. How might this data set be cited?
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
• Who produced the data set?
  1. Who are the originators of the data set?
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
• Why was the data set created?
• How was the data set created?
  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
• How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?
  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the data, including topology?
• How can someone get a copy of the data set?
  1. Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
  2. Who distributes the data?
  3. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  4. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
  5. How can I download or order the data?
• Who wrote the metadata?

What does this data set describe?

1. How might this data set be cited?
   Richey, Julie N., Clemens, Steven C., Thirumalai, Kaustubh, and Reynolds, Caitlin E., 20210610, Foraminiferal Mg/Ca data from IODP sediment core U1446:.

   This is part of the following larger work.
   Richey, Julie N., Clemens, Steven C., Thirumalai, Kaustubh, and Reynolds, Caitlin E., 20210610, Foraminiferal Mg/Ca data from IODP sediment core U1446: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release doi:10.5066/P9033XM8, U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.5066/P9033XM8

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: 85.73
   East_Bounding_Coordinate: 85.73
   North_Bounding_Coordinate: 19.08
   South_Bounding_Coordinate: 19.08
   

3. What does it look like?
4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Beginning_Date: Nov-2014

   Ending_Date: Jan-2015

   Currentness_Reference:

   ground condition

5. What is the general form of this data set?

   Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Tabular digital data
   

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      
   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      
7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

   Foram_Mg_Ca.csv, Foram_Mg_Ca.xlsx

   Comma Separated Values (CSV) and Microsoft Excel (XLSX) file containing core samples and associated measured Mg/Ca (mmol/mol) collected from the Bay of Bengal. (Source: USGS)

   Sample ID

   Name of each core sample taken. (Source: USGS) Refers to the core and sample depth in centimeters (cm).

   Mg/Ca (mmol/mol)

   Measured Mg/Ca values in mmol/mol. (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	3.24
   Maximum:	5.78

   Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

   The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the dataset. Please review the detailed descriptions that are provided (the individual attribute descriptions) for information on the values that appear as fields/table entries of the dataset.

   Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

   The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.

Who produced the data set?

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
   • Julie N. Richey
   • Steven C. Clemens
   • Kaustubh Thirumalai
   • Caitlin E. Reynolds
2. Who also contributed to the data set?

   U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

3. To whom should users address questions about the data?

Why was the data set created?

The samples analyzed in this study were part of a larger set of samples that were used to reconstruct South Asian summer-monsoon precipitation and runoff into the Bay of Bengal over the past 0.9 million years.

How was the data set created?

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: 2019 (process 1 of 1)

   Using Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) sediment core U1146 from the Bay of Bengal, samples from three time intervals (18-70 thousand years before present [ka BP], 143-204 ka BP, and 415-673 ka BP) were analyzed at U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (USGS SPCMSC). Typical samples contained 6 to 50 Gloigerinoides ruber sensu-stricto individuals (250-355 micrometer [µm] fraction). Samples analyzed at the USGS laboratory were subjected only to oxidative cleaning without the added reductive cleaning step. Samples were dissolved in diluted nitric acid (HNO3) to achieve constant [Ca] concentration in order to minimize matrix effects. At USGS SPCMSC, samples were analyzed on a PerkinElmer 7300 DV inductively coupled optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Mg/Ca was corrected font instrumental drift using the internal gravimetric Standards (IGS) method devised by Schrag (1999). Reproducibility of Mg/Ca measurements, as determined by repeated analysis of synthetic calcium carbonate (CaCO3) standards was better than 1.8% (1s). Contaminant ratios (aluminum-to-calcium [Al/Ca] and iron-to-calcium [Fe/Ca]) were monitored and samples with Al/Ca >300µmol/mol and Fe/Ca >10 µmol/mol were discarded if their Mg/Ca ratios were significantly different than the samples next to them.

3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
   Schrag, Daniel P., 199904, Rapid analysis of high-precision Sr/Ca ratios in corals and other marine carbonates: Paleoceanography Volume 14, Issue 2.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1029/1998PA900025

   Other_Citation_Details: Pages 97-102
   

   Clemens, Steven C., Yamamoto, Masanobu, Thirumalai, Kaustubh, Giosan, Liviu, Richey, Julie N., Nilsson-Kerr, Katrina, Rosenthal, Yair, Anand, Pallavi, and McGrath, Sarah, 20210604, Remote and local drivers of Pleistocene South Asian summer monsoon precipitation: A test for future predictions: Science Advances Volume 7, Issue 23.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg3848

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

1. How well have the observations been checked?
   No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted.
2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
   A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has not been conducted.
3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
   A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the dataset has either not been conducted or is not applicable.
4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
   Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
   No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: None.
Use_Constraints:

Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests that it be acknowledged as the originator of this dataset in any future products or research derived from these data.

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
   
   U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

   Attn: Julie Richey

   Geologist

   600 4th Street South

   St. Petersburg, FL
   

   USA

   (727) 502-8123 (voice)

   jrichey@usgs.gov
2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Foram_Mg_Ca.csv, Foram_Mg_Ca.xlsx
3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

   Distributor assumes no liability for misuse of data. This publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.

4. How can I download or order the data?
   • Availability in digital form:

     Data format:	CSV, XLSX
     Network links:	https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P9033XM8/data/Foram_Mg_Ca.zip

   • Cost to order the data: None. No fees are applicable for obtaining the dataset.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:

Last modified: 22-Sep-2021

Metadata author:

U.S. Geological Survey

Attn: Julie Richey

Research Geologist

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg, FL

USA

727-502-8123 (voice)

jrichey@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:

Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)