Metadata:
  Identification_Information:
    Citation:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Kathryn E.L. Smith
        Originator: Joseph F. Terrano
        Originator: Alisha M. Ellis
        Originator: Kathryn E.L. Smith
        Originator: Jonathan P. Griffiths
        Originator: Matthew Virden
        Publication_Date: 20250527
        Title: Aqua TROLL 600 sensor data for four sites in the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Mississippi, estuary from February 2022 through January 2023
        Edition: 1.0
        Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
        Larger_Work_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: Joseph F. Terrano
            Originator: Alisha M. Ellis
            Originator: Kathryn E.L. Smith
            Originator: Jonathan Pitchford
            Originator: Michael Archer
            Originator: Joseph M. Vargas
            Originator: Jonathan P. Griffiths
            Originator: Samuel M. Randall
            Originator: Matthew Virden
            Originator: Cheyenne S. Everhart
            Originator: Eric Sparks
            Publication_Date: 20250527
            Title: Shore Proximal Marsh Sediment Deposition and Ancillary Data From Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Mississippi, From October 2020 to January 2023
            Edition: 1.0
            Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Multimedia presentation
            Series_Information:
              Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey data release
              Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P13VT3ET
            Publication_Information:
              Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL
              Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
            Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13VT3ET
    Description:
      Abstract: To better understand sediment deposition in marsh environments, scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (USGS-SPCMSC) selected five marsh study sites (Sites 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) and four nearshore estuarine study sites (Sites 8S, 8D, 9S, 9D) along the Point Aux Chenes Bay shoreline of the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (GNDNERR), Mississippi. This study builds on Smith and others (2020b) and includes datasets collected after the installation of a living shoreline (a subtidal sill [artificial reef]) that was completed in May 2021. Each marsh site consisted of five plots located along a transect perpendicular to the marsh-estuary shoreline at 5-meter (m) increments (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 m from the shoreline). Each plot contained three to six net sedimentation tiles (NST) that were secured flush to the marsh surface using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe. NST are an inexpensive and simple tool to assess short- and long-term deposition that can be deployed in highly dynamic environments without the compaction associated with traditional coring methods. The NST were deployed for three-month sampling periods, measuring sediment deposition from August 2021 to January 2023. Sediment deposited on the NST were processed to determine physical characteristics, such as deposition thickness, volume, wet weight/dry weight, grain size, and organic content (via loss-on-ignition [LOI]). For select sampling periods, ancillary data (water level, elevation, and vegetation) are also provided in this data release. The estuarine sites consisted of Site 8S (shallow; landward of the subtidal sill), 8D (deep; seaward side of the subtidal sill), as well as 9S and 9D (both sites established adjacent to 8S/8D and the subtidal sill). During select trips water parameters (e.g., waves, water level, and turbidity) were collected at each estuarine site to collect turbidity and wave data. Data presented in this data release were collected under three USGS Field Activities Numbers (FAN; one FAN per year) during thirteen sampling trips (alternate FAN; each sampling trip was assigned a unique alt FAN under the main FAN): 2021-320-FA (21CCT01, 21CCT03, 21CCT04, 21CCT05), 2022-302-FA (22CCT01, 22CCT02, 22CCT03, 22CCT04, 22CCT05, 22CCT06, 22CCT07, 22CCT08) and 2023-301-FA (23CCT01), however, every trip does not contain all data types. This data release also contains data for 2020-323-FA (20CCT02) that was collected as a special collection trip for Hurricane Delta. This data was collected before the subtidal sill was installed and is being published with this data release since pre-subtidal sill data was already published. Additional survey and data details are available from the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System (CMGDS) at, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/. Users can look up USGS FANs in the CMGDS by replacing the FAN in the following url: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/services/activity.php?fan=2022-302-FA. Data from a related NST study in the GNDNERR (Middle Bay and North Rigolets) can be found in Smith and others (2020a). Data collected from before the living shoreline (subtidal sill) installation can be found in Smith and others (2020b). For additional information on data processing and analysis, refer to the accompanying journal publication Smith and others (2025). Please read the full metadata for details on data collection, dataset variables, and data quality.
      Purpose: This dataset includes In-Situ Aqua TROLL 600 (henceforth referred to as Aqua TROLL) data obtained from four estuarine locations in Grand Bay, Mississippi. Sensors with and without pressure (depth) were used during this study. The Aqua TROLL 600 sensors measured conductivity, salinity, resistivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and pressure (depth, if equipped). An In-Situ Rugged BaroTROLL (henceforth referred to as BaroTROLL) was also deployed near the sites to collect barometric data used in post processing.
      Supplemental_Information: USGS scientists collected data from Aqua TROLL 600 sensors during a total of eight surveys. The general site locations were: 8S (30.3370, -88.4462), 8D (30.3359, -88.4441), 9S (30.3353, -88.4471), and 9D (30.3337, -88.4449). The BaroTROLL was deployed nearby at the GNDNERR office (30.4291, -88.4278). Data were downloaded following field visits. Each field visit was assigned a FAN and shortened alternate FAN (alt-FAN) by the USGS. This publication contains data for field activities from: 2022-302-FA (22CCT02, 22CCT03, 22CCT04, 22CCT05, 22CCT06, 22CCT07, 22CCT08) and 2023-301-FA (23CCT01). The deployment date and time, retrieval date and time, location, sensor serial number, and depth at retrieval can all be found in "AquaTroll_RBR_sensor_info.csv". The data are displayed in a comma-separated values (CSV) text file format. Due to sensor malfunction, some data may be missing from data files. BaroTROLL data was merged with the Aqua TROLL data and is published as a column in "AquaTroll_compiled_data.csv".
    Time_Period_of_Content:
      Time_Period_Information:
        Range_of_Dates/Times:
          Beginning_Date: 20220215
          Ending_Date: 20230131
      Currentness_Reference: ground condition
    Status:
      Progress: Complete
      Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
    Spatial_Domain:
      Bounding_Coordinates:
        West_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.4474
        East_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.4435
        North_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.3370
        South_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.3337
    Keywords:
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
        Theme_Keyword: USGS:b74c9faa-e723-4bc5-82f3-3e4f52b12ff1
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
        Theme_Keyword: environment
        Theme_Keyword: oceans
        Theme_Keyword: geoscientificinformation
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
        Theme_Keyword: hydrogeology
        Theme_Keyword: geology
        Theme_Keyword: ocean sciences
        Theme_Keyword: coastal processes
        Theme_Keyword: datasets
        Theme_Keyword: field inventory and monitoring
        Theme_Keyword: ocean waves
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
        Theme_Keyword: water level
        Theme_Keyword: depth
        Theme_Keyword: turbidity
        Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
        Theme_Keyword: USGS
        Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
        Theme_Keyword: SPCMSC
        Theme_Keyword: Aqua TROLL
      Place:
        Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
        Place_Keyword: Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve
        Place_Keyword: NERR
      Place:
        Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System
        Place_Keyword: State of Mississippi
        Place_Keyword: Point Aux Chenes
    Access_Constraints: No access constraints. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details.
    Use_Constraints: These data are marked with a Creative Common CC0 1.0 Universal License. These data are in the public domain and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations.
    Point_of_Contact:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Organization_Primary:
          Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
          Contact_Person: Kathryn E.L. Smith
        Contact_Position: Research Ecologist
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: Mailing and physical
          Address: 600 4th Street South
          City: St. Petersburg
          State_or_Province: FL
          Postal_Code: 33701
          Country: US
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8000
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kelsmith@usgs.gov
    Data_Set_Credit: The authors would like to acknowledge the GNDNERR staff for their contributions in collecting and reviewing this data.
    Native_Data_Set_Environment: Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 10 Enterprise Version 22H2 (Build 19045.3324, Windows Feature Experience Pack 1000.19041.1000.0); Microsoft Excel for Microsoft 365 MSO (Version 2302, Build 16.0.16130.20806, 32-bit); In-Situ software packages Win-Situ 5 (version 5.7.8.0; desktop) or Vu-Situ (version 1.25.12; mobile)
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Kathryn E.L. Smith
        Originator: Joseph F. Terrano
        Originator: Nicole S. Khan
        Originator: Chelsea A. Stalk
        Publication_Date: 20200226
        Title: Shore Proximal Sediment Deposition, Elevation, Turbidity, and Water Level Data for Four Sites in the Coastal Marsh at Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Mississippi, From October 2016 Through October 2017
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, Florida
          Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
        Other_Citation_Details: Smith and others (2020a)
        Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BFR2US
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Kathryn E.L. Smith
        Originator: Joseph F. Terrano
        Originator: Jonathan Pitchford
        Originator: Michael Brochard
        Originator: Joseph M. Vargas
        Originator: Isabelle D. Atchia
        Originator: Cheyenne S. Everhart
        Originator: Christopher G. Smith
        Publication_Date: 20200713
        Title: Shore Proximal Marsh Sediment Deposition and Ancillary Data From Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Mississippi, From July 2018 to January 2020
        Edition: 2.0 (June 2023)
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, Florida
          Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
        Other_Citation_Details: Smith and others (2020b)
        Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ONI8PS
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: In-Situ Inc.
        Publication_Date: 20240709
        Title: In-Situ Aqua TROLL 600 Operator's Manual
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
          Publisher: In-Situ Inc.
        Other_Citation_Details: In-Situ Inc. (2024a)
        Online_Linkage: https://in-situ.com/pub/media/support/documents/Aqua-TROLL-600-Manual.pdf
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: In-Situ Inc.
        Publication_Date: 202405
        Title: In-Situ Aqua TROLL 500-600-700-800 Spec-Sheet
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
          Publisher: In-Situ Inc.
        Other_Citation_Details: In-Situ Inc. (2024b)
        Online_Linkage: https://in-situ.com/pub/media/support/documents/Aqua-TROLL-500-600-700-800_Spec-Sheet_ltr_en.pdf
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Kathryn E.L. Smith
        Originator: Jonathan L. Pitchford
        Originator: Eric L. Sparks
        Originator: Michael J. Archer
        Originator: Matthew F. Virden
        Originator: Joseph F. Terrano
        Originator: Christopher G. Smith
        Publication_Date: 20250612
        Title: Evaluating the influence of constructed subtidal reefs on marsh shoreline erosion, sediment deposition, and wave energy
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: Estuaries and Coasts
          Issue_Identification: Volume 48, Article 128
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Online
          Publisher: Springer Nature
        Other_Citation_Details: Smith and others (2025)
        Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-025-01564-7
  Data_Quality_Information:
    Attribute_Accuracy:
      Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Measurements for conductivity, salinity, resistivity, water density, total dissolved solids, turbidity, total suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, temperature, partial pressure, barometric pressure (internally collected data), and pressure, were derived from internal calculations from the sensor and were not altered in any way. Barometric data and was collected from nearby using a BaroTROLL. The Aqua Troll and BaroTROLL data were run through the In-Situ software Win-Situ to automatically calculate depth. Corrected depths (depth_c), which account for vertical distance off the seafloor, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) corrected depth data (depth_navd) were calculated by USGS staff. All fields were visually checked to ensure the data were reasonable. Additional checks were conducted using R codes for depth and turbidity (see processing steps for more information). Sensor malfunction was a common problem during this study. So missing data, written as "0" or "NA" values, are be regarded as sensor malfunction. These data were not removed to ensure data integrity. Specific accuracy information can be obtained from In-Situ Inc. (2024b). Additionally, the 22CCT08 Site 8S collection times were all off by one minute. To correct this, the R code was updated to round the minute to the nearest 15-minute interval (##:00, ##:15, ##:30, ##:45). Location data were collected using a handheld Garmin GPSMAP 62stc. Vertical and horizontal positional error was not collected. The precise position of the sensor was not as important as the general location (landward of the subtidal sill, seaward of the subtidal sill). The sensor platform was also marked by several buoys to ensure the platform was easily found for retrieval. Comparisons with other datasets for the same area from other time periods may be inaccurate due to inconsistencies in data collection methods.
    Logical_Consistency_Report: Data was collected every 15 minutes from the time of deployment to the time of retrieval at Sites 8S, 8D, 9S, and 9D. Sensor malfunction was a common problem during this study. So missing data, written as "0" or "NA" values, are regarded as sensor malfunction. These data were not removed. Data from all FANs were merged into a single file for inclusion in this data release.
    Completeness_Report: Data files containing Aqua Troll 600 data, collected within the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Mississippi, are complete and contain both unaltered (e.g., depth), and corrected (e.g., depth_c and Depth_NAVD) data. Sensor malfunction was a common problem during this study. So missing data, written as "0" or "NA" values, are regarded as sensor malfunction. Potentially erroneous turbidity values were also flagged during post-processing (blank cells represent data that passed all post-processing checks). All other fields were published as-is using internally collected and corrected data. Erroneous data were not removed. Data were run through an R code to removed data from when the sensor was recording measurements out of the water. These data files are considered complete, unless otherwise noted by null data values. Some sensors were faulty or nearing the end of their life during the data collection. In those cases, all data for that trip and sensor will be listed as "0" or "NA". The sensor serial number is also provided so users could further understand if errors were one-time events or common to a specific sensor.
    Lineage:
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
            Publication_Date: 2023
            Title: NOAA Tides and Currents
            Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
            Publication_Information:
              Publication_Place: Online
              Publisher: NOAA Tides and Currents
            Online_Linkage: https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/stationhome.html?id=8739803
            Online_Linkage: https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/stationhome.html?id=8740166
        Type_of_Source_Media: comma separated value (csv) file
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Range_of_Dates/Times:
              Beginning_Date: 20220215
              Ending_Date: 20230131
          Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA water level gauge data
        Source_Contribution: Water level data from NOAA tide gauges were downloaded and compared with the Aqua TROLL depth measurements to generate NAVD88-corrected depths.
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description: During deployment trips, four Aqua TROLL 600 sensors were deployed on custom built concrete sensor platforms to record water parameters (conductivity, temperature, turbidity, salinity). The general site locations were: 8S (30.3370, -88.4462), 8D (30.3359, -88.4441), 9S (30.3353, -88.4471), and 9D (30.3337, -88.4449). The BaroTROLL was deployed nearby at the GNDNERR office (30.4291, -88.4278). The deployment date and time, retrieval date and time, location, sensor serial number, and depth at retrieval can all be found in "Aqua_Troll_RBR_sensor_info.csv". Locations are projected to the World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84) coordinate system. Prior to each deployment, the batteries, desiccant, and 0-rings were checked, and each sensor was programmed, using In-Situ software packages Win-Situ 5 (desktop) or Vu-Situ (mobile) following procedures set forth in In-Situ Inc. (2024a). Sensors were programmed to record at 15-minute intervals from a preset start data/time to when the sensor was collected and manually stopped. The sensors were wrapped in plastic wrap and copper foil to prevent biofouling. Aqua Troll sensors were mounted horizontally to a custom-built sensor deployment platform made of starboard and concrete. An RBR sensor was also vertically mounted on the platform to provide wave data (refer to the RBR data and metadata in this data release). The sensor platform was lowered to the seafloor and was positioned so the Aqua TROLL was parallel with the shoreline. The sensor height (height from the ground to the middle of the sensor) and water depth were collected for use in post-processing. Due to waves and the moving boat, the noted depths are regarded as a general depth as there is some error in the measurements. The sensor height was always calculated as 22 centimeters since the Aqua TROLLs were mounted the same way every trip and all the platforms were identical. The BaroTROLL was zip tied vertically to fence at the GNDNERR office roughly 3 feet off the ground. The BaroTROLL height was recorded as the height from the ground to the sensor head.
        Process_Date: 2023
        Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: AquaTroll_RBR_sensor_info.csv
        Process_Contact:
          Contact_Information:
            Contact_Organization_Primary:
              Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
              Contact_Person: Joseph F. Terrano
            Contact_Position: Physical Scientist
            Contact_Address:
              Address_Type: Mailing and physical
              Address: 600 4th Street South
              City: St. Petersburg
              State_or_Province: FL
              Postal_Code: 33701
              Country: U.S.
            Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8047
            Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jterrano@usgs.gov
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description: At set collection intervals, the Aqua TROLLs were retrieved, and a new set of sensors was deployed. The BaroTROLL was always collected, downloaded, and immediately redeployed within the same day. Following each retrieval, the Aqua TROLLs and BaroTROLL were removed from their respective sites, cleaned, and the data was downloaded using the In-Situ software package Win-Situ 5 (desktop) or Vu-Situ (mobile) using procedures set forth in In-Situ Inc. (2024a). Using the Win-Situ 5s BaroMerge tool, the Aqua TROLL and BaroTROLL data were merged and post processed to automatically calculate water depth. The depth-corrected file was exported as a CSV. Since the Aqua Troll and BaroTROLL data were merged, no individual BaroTROLL files are published as part of this data release. The sensors were used with the manufacturer’s calibrations. If necessary, sensor calibration and maintenance was conducted following the In-Situ user manuals. If there was suspected erroneous data, the sensor was checked using Quick Cal solution and 10 and 100 nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU) calibration standards sold by In-Situ. If the sensor passed all the calibration checks it was returned to service. If the senor did not pass, it was removed from service and the manufacturer was consulted.
        Process_Date: 2023
        Process_Contact:
          Contact_Information:
            Contact_Organization_Primary:
              Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
              Contact_Person: Joseph F. Terrano
            Contact_Position: Physical Scientist
            Contact_Address:
              Address_Type: Mailing and physical
              Address: 600 4th Street South
              City: St. Petersburg
              State_or_Province: FL
              Postal_Code: 33701
              Country: U.S.
            Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8047
            Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jterrano@usgs.gov
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description: At the end of this study, all the CSV files from each FAN were run through R codes to 1) rename and reorder the fields, 2) to correct depth using the sensor height, 3) correct the depth to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) using National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) data, 4) flag potentially erroneous turbidity data, 5) add FAN, site, and sensor serial number information, and 6) merge all the individual FAN files into a single CSV file. NAVD88-corrected depths were calculated by comparing the Aqua TROLL depth measurements to NOAA water level gauge data from the Bayou La Batre Bridge, Alabama gauge (NOAA Station ID: 8739803). Water level data for the same time period were downloaded and plotted against temporally coincident Aqua TROLL data. The slope of the ordinary least squares regression line provided an elevation correction which was then applied to the water level data to adjust it to NAVD88. In this region, 0 m NAVD88 is approximately 0.053 m mean sea level (MSL) based on the GNDNERR, Mississippi Sound MS Tidal Datums (NOAA Station ID: 8740166). NAVD88-corrected depths are only available for sensors that had pressure capability. Erroneous turbidity readings were flagged using three methods 1) if the value was greater or less than 3 standard deviations of the mean or greater than 4000 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU), 2) using a Moving window of 5 with a threshold mean value below 0.2 NTU, or 3) if the turbidity value was "0" or "NA". The final dataset was checked for accuracy. Individual sensor data were not checked in detail since it is being published as raw data directly from the sensor, apart from turbidity and depth. For additional information on data processing and analysis, refer to the accompanying journal publication Smith and others (2025).
        Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA water level gauge data
        Process_Date: 2023
        Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: AquaTroll_compiled_data.csv
        Process_Contact:
          Contact_Information:
            Contact_Organization_Primary:
              Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
              Contact_Person: Joseph F. Terrano
            Contact_Position: Physical Scientist
            Contact_Address:
              Address_Type: Mailing and physical
              Address: 600 4th Street South
              City: St. Petersburg
              State_or_Province: FL
              Postal_Code: 33701
              Country: U.S.
            Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8047
            Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jterrano@usgs.gov
  Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
    Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point
    Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
      SDTS_Terms_Description:
        SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point
        Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 38
  Spatial_Reference_Information:
    Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Geographic:
        Latitude_Resolution: 0.0197843295
        Longitude_Resolution: 0.0229959585
        Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees
      Geodetic_Model:
        Horizontal_Datum_Name: D WGS 1984
        Ellipsoid_Name: WGS1984
        Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
        Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563
    Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Altitude_System_Definition:
        Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988
        Altitude_Resolution: 0.0001
        Altitude_Distance_Units: meter
        Altitude_Encoding_Method: Attribute values
  Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
    Detailed_Description:
      Entity_Type:
        Entity_Type_Label: AquaTroll_compiled_data.csv
        Entity_Type_Definition: CSV file of Aqua TROLL data collected in 2022 and 2023 from four estuarine sites in the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Mississippi. Data were collected using Aqua TROLL 600 Multiparameter Sondes. Missing data present in the data file, written as "NA" (and occasionally "0", when indicated), are regarded as sensor malfunction.
        Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: Alt_FAN
        Attribute_Definition: Alternate (abbreviated) FAN assigned for each sensor retrieval trip.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Alternate FAN were assigned by the USGS and are YYCCTXX, where YY is the 2-digit year, CCT stands for coastal change and transport (a USGS project identifier), and XX is the trip number. For example, 22CCT01 was from 2022 sensor collection trip 01.
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: Site
        Attribute_Definition: Estuarine site the sensor was deployed at.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Enumerated_Domain:
            Enumerated_Domain_Value: 8S
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shallow; landward of the subtidal sill.
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Enumerated_Domain:
            Enumerated_Domain_Value: 8D
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Deep; seaward side of the subtidal sill.
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Enumerated_Domain:
            Enumerated_Domain_Value: 9S
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: South of and adjacent to 8S and the subtidal sill.
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Enumerated_Domain:
            Enumerated_Domain_Value: 9D
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: South of and adjacent to 8D and the subtidal sill.
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: Serial_Num
        Attribute_Definition: Aqua TROLL 600 serial number.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Six-digit serial number of the Aqua TROLL 600.
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: date.time
        Attribute_Definition: Date in the M/DD/YYYY, MM/D/YYYY, M/D/YYYY or MM/DD/YYYY format and Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) in the H:MM or HH:MM format. Data were collected in 15-minute intervals.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 02/15/2022 11:45
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 1/31/2023 16:00
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: seconds
        Attribute_Definition: Internal sensor collection time (seconds; s)
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 6300
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 4305655
            Attribute_Units_of_Measure: seconds (s)
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: act_cond
        Attribute_Definition: Actual Conductivity (microsiemens per centimeter; µS/cm)
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 59188.34
            Attribute_Units_of_Measure: microsiemens per centimeter (µS/cm)
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: spec_cond
        Attribute_Definition: Specific Conductivity (microsiemens per centimeter; µS/cm)
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 61277.23
            Attribute_Units_of_Measure: microsiemens per centimeter (µS/cm)
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: salinity
        Attribute_Definition: Salinity (practical salinity units; PSU)
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 41.773
            Attribute_Units_of_Measure: practical salinity units (PSU)
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: resist
        Attribute_Definition: Resistivity (ohm-centimeter; ohm-cm)
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 192365.2
            Attribute_Units_of_Measure: ohm-centimeter (ohm-cm)
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: water_dens
        Attribute_Definition: Water Density (grams per cubic centimeter; g/cm3)
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.994
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.029
            Attribute_Units_of_Measure: grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3)
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: turbidity
        Attribute_Definition: Turbidity (in nephelometric turbidity units; NTU). Values of "0", "NA", or values above 4000 are erroneous.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 10140.37
            Attribute_Units_of_Measure: nephelometric turbidity units (NTU)
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: do_conc
        Attribute_Definition: Dissolved Oxygen (concentration in milligrams per liter; mg/L). Aqua TROLL sensors can read DO concentrations from 0-60 mg/L.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 17.015
            Attribute_Units_of_Measure: milligrams per liter (mg/L)
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: do_sat
        Attribute_Definition: Dissolved Oxygen (percent saturation; %Sat). Aqua TROLL sensors can read DO concentrations from 0-60 mg/L or the equivalent percentage (0-600%) of DO saturation in water.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 183.577
            Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent saturation (%Sat)
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: par_press
        Attribute_Definition: Partial Pressure Oxygen (Torr)
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.387
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 286.133
            Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Torr
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: temp
        Attribute_Definition: Temperature (degrees Celsius; C)
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 2.27
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 35.244
            Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees Celsius (C)
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: voltage
        Attribute_Definition: External Voltage (volt; V)
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.162
            Attribute_Units_of_Measure: volt (v)
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: battery
        Attribute_Definition: Battery percentage remaining (%)
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 74
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 99
            Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent (%)
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: bar_press
        Attribute_Definition: Barometric pressure collected by the BaroTROLL (millibar; mBar)
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 1012.581
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 1036.373
            Attribute_Units_of_Measure: millibar (mBar)
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: pressure
        Attribute_Definition: Pressure (millibar; mBar). Pressure was automatically post-corrected using barometric data. Pressure is only available for sensors that had pressure capability (value is "NA" if not equipped).
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 20.287
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 289.377
            Attribute_Units_of_Measure: millibar (mBar)
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: depth
        Attribute_Definition: Depth (meters; m). Depth was automatically calculated and post-corrected using barometric data. Depth is only available for sensors that had pressure capability (value is "NA" if not equipped).
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.201
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.902
            Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters (m)
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: bar_press_corr
        Attribute_Definition: Barometric pressure collected by the Aqua TROLL and corrected using the BaroTROLL data (millibar; mBar). If the sensor did not collect pressure, the value will be written as "NA" as no post processing correction could be completed.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 1003.551
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 1036.627
            Attribute_Units_of_Measure: millibar (mBar)
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: turb_flag
        Attribute_Definition: Values in the turbidity field that were flagged as potentially erroneous. There are several factors that impact turbidity, so these error codes provide a way to quickly identify data that may contain errors.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Enumerated_Domain:
            Enumerated_Domain_Value: L
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Low turbidity values flagged using a moving window of 5 with a threshold mean value below 0.2, or if the turbidity value is "0" or "NA".
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Enumerated_Domain:
            Enumerated_Domain_Value: X
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Turbidity values greater or less than 3 standard deviations of the mean, or above 4000 NTU.
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: depth_c
        Attribute_Definition: Depth corrected using the height of the sensor off the seafloor (meters; m). All sensors measured at 0.22 meters in height, so this field was calculated as "depth" + 0.22 m. Corrected depth is only available for sensors that had pressure capability (value is "NA" if not equipped).
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.421
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.122
            Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters (m)
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: depth_navd
        Attribute_Definition: Depth (meters; m) corrected to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). NAVD88-corrected depths were calculated by comparing the Aqua TROLL depth measurements to NOAA water level gauge data from the Bayou La Batre Bridge, Alabama gauge (NOAA Station ID: 8739803). Water level data for the same time period were downloaded and plotted against temporally coincident Aqua TROLL data. The slope of the ordinary least squares regression line provided an elevation correction which was then applied to the water level data to adjust it to NAVD88. In this region, 0 m NAVD88 is approximately 0.053 m mean sea level (MSL) based on the GNDNERR, Mississippi Sound MS Tidal Datums (NOAA Station ID: 8740166). NAVD88 corrected depth is only available for sensors that had pressure capability (value is "NA" if not equipped).
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.71977
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.877421
            Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters (m)
    Detailed_Description:
      Entity_Type:
        Entity_Type_Label: AquaTroll_RBR_sensor_info.csv
        Entity_Type_Definition: CSV of RBR deployment and retrieval information collected in 2021, 2022, and 2023 from four estuarine sites in the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Mississippi. Some RBR data is also present in this data file. Refer to the Grand_Bay_RBR_Data.zip files and associated metadata for RBR-specific information.
        Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: Deployment FAN
        Attribute_Definition: USGS field activity number (FAN) assigned to the deployment trip.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Each field visit was assigned a FAN by the USGS SPCMSC to assist with dataset tracking. The FAN consists of YYYY-XXX-FA, with YYYY being the 4-digit year, XXX being the trip number, and FA representing that it is a field activity. There are two FANs associated with this sensor deployments: 2021-320-FA and 2022-302-FA. FANs were used to describe the entire field effort of a project, so alternate FANs were used to differentiate between quarterly sampling trips.
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: Deployment Alt-FAN
        Attribute_Definition: Alternate (abbreviated) FAN number assigned each deployment trip. Several alternate FANs can fall under one overarching FAN.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Alternate FAN numbers were assigned by the USGS and are YYCCTXX, where YY is the 2-digit year, CCT stands for coastal change and transport, and XX is the trip number. For example, 21CCT01 was from 2021 sample collection trip 01.
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: Retrieval FAN
        Attribute_Definition: USGS field activity number (FAN) assigned to the retrieval trip. The retrieval FAN is also the identifying FAN when referring to the data.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Each field visit was assigned a FAN by the USGS SPCMSC to assist with dataset tracking. The FAN consists of YYYY-XXX-FA, with YYYY being the 4-digit year, XXX being the trip number, and FA representing that it is a field activity. There are three FANs associated with this dataset: 2021-320-FA, 2022-302-FA, and 2023-301-FA. FANs were used to describe the entire field effort of a project, so alternate FANs were used to differentiate between quarterly sampling trips.
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: Retrieval Alt-FAN
        Attribute_Definition: Alternate (abbreviated) FAN assigned each retrieval trip. The retrieval FAN is also the identifying FAN when referring to the data. Several alternate FANs can fall under one overarching FAN.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Alternate FANs were assigned by the USGS and are YYCCTXX, where YY is the 2-digit year, CCT stands for coastal change and transport (a USGS project identifier), and XX is the trip number. For example, 22CCT01 was from 2022 sensor collection trip 01.
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: Site
        Attribute_Definition: Estuarine site the sensor was deployed at.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Enumerated_Domain:
            Enumerated_Domain_Value: 8S
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shallow; landward of the subtidal sill.
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Enumerated_Domain:
            Enumerated_Domain_Value: 8D
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Deep; seaward side of the subtidal sill.
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Enumerated_Domain:
            Enumerated_Domain_Value: 9S
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: South of and adjacent to 8S and the subtidal sill.
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Enumerated_Domain:
            Enumerated_Domain_Value: 9D
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: South of and adjacent to 8D and the subtidal sill.
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: Deployment Date
        Attribute_Definition: Date in the M/DD/YYYY, MM/D/YYYY, M/D/YYYY or MM/DD/YYYY format.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 8/3/2021
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 12/21/2022
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: Deployment Time (local)
        Attribute_Definition: Local time in Central Standard Time (CST) or Central Daylight Time (CDT) in the H:MM or HH:MM format the sensor was deployed. Data were collected in 30-minute intervals.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 9:20 AM
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 4:09 PM
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: Retrieval Date
        Attribute_Definition: Date in the M/DD/YYYY, MM/D/YYYY, M/D/YYYY or MM/DD/YYYY format.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 9/28/2021
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 6/22/2024
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: Retrieval Time (local)
        Attribute_Definition: Local time in Central Standard Time (CST) or Central Daylight Time (CDT) in the H:MM AM/PM or HH:MM AM/PM format the sensor was retrieved. Data were collected in 30-minute intervals. If the exact retrieval time was not known, a general time of day descriptor such as "morning" was used instead.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 7:57 AM
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 7:50 PM
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: Deployment Latitude (WGS84)
        Attribute_Definition: Latitude of the sensor platform in the World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84). Coordinates are presented in decimal degrees.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 30.3337
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 30.3372
            Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: Deployment Longitude (WGS84)
        Attribute_Definition: Longitude of the sensor platform in the World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84). Coordinates are presented in decimal degrees.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: -88.4474
            Range_Domain_Maximum: -88.4435
            Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: Approx Depth at Retrieval (meters)
        Attribute_Definition: Approximate water depth when the sensors were retrieved. Retrieval data is included because the sensor was still recording at the time of collection, so sensor data can be checked against the measured depth. The depth is approximate due to the potential uncertainty introduced by waves and the moving boat.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.92
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.95
            Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: Aqua TROLL S/N
        Attribute_Definition: Serial number of the Aqua TROLL 600. Serial number is provided as a way to track sensor specific errors. Data in this field do not apply to the RBR data. Cells with "NA" indicate no sensor was deployed that trip.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string containing the serial number of the Aqua TROLL 600.
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: Aqua TROLL sensor height (centimeter)
        Attribute_Definition: Height of the Aqua TROLL 600 sensor off the seafloor, in centimeters. Data in this field do not apply to the RBR data. Cells with "NA" indicate no sensor was deployed that trip.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 22
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 22
            Attribute_Units_of_Measure: centimeters
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: RBR S/N
        Attribute_Definition: Serial number of the RBRSolo3. Serial number is provided so that sensor-specific errors can be traced.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string containing the serial number of the RBRSolo3.
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: RBR Altitude at deployment (centimeter)
        Attribute_Definition: Height of the RBRSolo3 pressure transducer off the seafloor, in centimeters.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 13
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 20
            Attribute_Units_of_Measure: centimeters
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: Notes
        Attribute_Definition: Additional notes about the information presented in the table.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string additional notes about the information presented in the table.
  Distribution_Information:
    Distributor:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Organization_Primary:
          Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
          Contact_Person: USGS SPCMSC Data Management
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing and physical
          Address: 600 4th Street South
          City: Saint Petersburg
          State_or_Province: FL
          Postal_Code: 33701
          Country: United States
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov
    Resource_Description: AquaTroll_compiled_data.csv, AquaTroll_RBR_sensor_info.csv
    Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product name is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
    Standard_Order_Process:
      Digital_Form:
        Digital_Transfer_Information:
          Format_Name: comma-delimited text
        Digital_Transfer_Option:
          Online_Option:
            Computer_Contact_Information:
              Network_Address:
                Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P13VT3ET/data/GB_AquaTroll_Data_2022_2023.zip
      Fees: None
  Metadata_Reference_Information:
    Metadata_Date: 20250618
    Metadata_Contact:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Organization_Primary:
          Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
          Contact_Person: USGS SPCMSC Data Management
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing and physical
          Address: 600 4th Street South
          City: Saint Petersburg
          State_or_Province: FL
          Postal_Code: 33701
          Country: United States
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov
    Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
    Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998