Grid File of Historical Bathymetric Soundings for Mississippi and Alabama Derived from National Ocean Service (NOS) Hydrographic Sheets

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Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Joseph F. Terrano
Originator: Kathryn E.L. Smith
Originator: Amanda L. Muni-Morgan
Originator: Noreen A. Buster
Originator: Forrest Foxen
Publication_Date: 20220315
Title:
Grid File of Historical Bathymetric Soundings for Mississippi and Alabama Derived from National Ocean Service (NOS) Hydrographic Sheets
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Raster Digital Data Set
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Joseph F. Terrano
Originator: Kathryn E.L. Smith
Originator: Amanda L. Muni-Morgan
Originator: Noreen A. Buster
Originator: Forrest Foxen
Publication_Date: 20210122
Title:
Historical Bathymetry in the Mississippi-Alabama Coastal Region: Bathymetric Soundings, Gridded Bathymetry, and Hydrographic Sheets
Edition: 2.0
Series_Information:
Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey data release
Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P9GRUK4B
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GRUK4B
Description:
Abstract:
Hydrographic sheets (H-sheets) and nautical charts produced by the National Ocean Service (NOS) during the 1800s provide historic sounding (water depth) measurements of coastal areas. The data can be vectorized into a geographic information system (GIS), adjusted to a modern vertical datum, and converted into a digital elevation model to provide an interpretation of the historic seafloor elevation. These data were produced to provide an estimate of historical bathymetry for the Mississippi-Alabama coastal region to aid geologic and coastal hazards studies. This data release includes georeferenced H-sheets, depth soundings, and a bathymetric grid derived from the 1847 and 1895 soundings. The original NOS H-sheets and nautical charts were scanned by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and are available through the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) website (NOAA, 2021) as non-georeferenced digital raster files. U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (USGS SPCMSC) staff performed the following procedures: H-sheets were georeferenced, georeferenced raster images were projected to a modern datum, and historical bathymetric sounding measurements were digitized to create a vector point shapefile. Sounding data were converted from feet (ft) and fathoms (fm) to meters (m), projected to modern mean low water (MLW), and converted to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) GEOID12A using NOAA's datum transformation software, VDatum. Please read the full metadata for details on data collection, digitized data, dataset variables, and data quality.
Purpose:
The purpose of this dataset is to document the historic bathymetry for a region of the Mississippi-Alabama coastal zone and intercoastal waterway. Data can be used to examine bathymetric change, calculate sediment budgets, and hindcast hydrodynamic modeling studies.
Supplemental_Information:
The H-sheets included in this data release are: H-00191 (1847); H-00192 (1847-48); H-00193A (1848); H-00215 (1849); H-00227 (1850); H-00261 (1851); H-00262 (1851); H-00328 and H-00328A (1853); H-00329 (1852); H-00365 (1853); H-00430A (1854); H-01310 (1875-76). The nautical charts included in this data release are: LC-00018 (1895); LC-00188 (1856,1877); LC-00189 (1856,1894); LC-00034 (1856).
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 18470101
Ending_Date: 18950101
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.726688
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -87.669826
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.792033
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 29.957322
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:47478311-7013-4190-840f-1b1b503c893b
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: H-sheet
Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic sheet
Theme_Keyword: Coastal
Theme_Keyword: Shoreline data
Theme_Keyword: Shoreline map
Theme_Keyword: Georeferenced
Theme_Keyword: Nautical chart
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Digitization
Theme_Keyword: Geomorphology
Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry measurement
Theme_Keyword: Coastal processes
Theme_Keyword: Digital Elevation Models
Theme_Keyword: Geospatial datasets
Theme_Keyword: Geographic information systems
Theme_Keyword: Topographic maps
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: Oceans
Theme_Keyword: Environment
Theme_Keyword: Boundaries
Theme_Keyword: GeoscientificInformation
Theme_Keyword: InlandWaters
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System
Place_Keyword: Mississippi
Place_Keyword: Alabama
Place_Keyword: Gulf of Mexico
Place_Keyword: Grand Bay
Place_Keyword: Grande Batture Islands
Place_Keyword: North Rigolets Island
Place_Keyword: Point Aux Chenes Bay
Place_Keyword: West Petit Bois Island
Place_Keyword: Pascagoula
Place_Keyword: Mobile Bay
Place_Keyword: Horn Island
Place_Keyword: Dauphin Island
Place_Keyword: Mobile Point
Place_Keyword: Bon Secours Bay
Place_Keyword: Mississippi Sound
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of the data in future products or derivative research.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Person: Joseph F. Terrano
Contact_Position: Researcher III
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8047
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jterrano@contractor.usgs.gov
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name: Grand_Bay_Gridded_Bathymetry.tif
Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
Gridded bathymetric dataset derived from historical sounding data and contours (1852 and 1853) for the Grand Bay area. The final, georectified raster image is provided in tagged image file format (TIFF).
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: TIFF
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name: MS_AL_Gridded_Bathymetry.tif
Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
Gridded bathymetric dataset derived from historical sounding data and contours (1847 and 1895) for the MS/AL coastal region. The final, georectified raster image is provided as a TIFF.
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: TIFF
Data_Set_Credit:
Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices. Sharing of new data layers developed directly from these data would also be appreciated by the U.S. Geological Survey staff. Users should be aware that comparisons with other datasets for the same area from other time periods may be inaccurate due to inconsistencies resulting from changes in photointerpretation, mapping conventions, and digital processes over time. These data are not legal documents and are not to be used as such.
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 10 Enterprise Version 20H2 (Build 19042.1237); Esri ArcGIS Version 10.6.1.9270 Service Pack N/A (Build N/A); NOAA VDatum software version 4.0.1
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Publication_Date: 20191024
Title: Vertical Datum Transformation (VDatum) Software
Edition: Version 4.0.1
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Silver Springs, MD
Publisher: U.S. Department of Commerce
Other_Citation_Details:
NOAA VDatum software was used to convert sounding data from modern MLW to the NAVD88 GEOID12A.
Online_Linkage: https://vdatum.noaa.gov/
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Noreen A. Buster and Robert A. Morton
Publication_Date: 20110404
Title:
Historical Bathymetry and Bathymetric Change in the Mississippi-Alabama Coastal Region
Edition: Version 1.0
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details:
Methods in this paper were used to determine how to derive the gridded bathymetry within this data release.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/sim315
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Georeferenced H-sheets and nautical charts, henceforth collectively referred to as "H-sheets", were checked to ensure they were in the correct location, using published NOAA topographic sheets (T-sheets) and modern imagery. The H-sheets were also checked to ensure features matched up from one H-sheet to the next. As a final quality control, reference points were checked to ensure they overlapped from one sheet to the next. The final gridded bathymetry has "No data" values defined as -3.40282306074e+38.
Completeness_Report:
Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the dataset has not been conducted.
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the dataset has either not been conducted or is not applicable. VDatum has a vertical accuracy of 15.7369 centimeters (cm).
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Zimmermann, M. and Benson, J.L.
Publication_Date: 2013
Title:
Smooth sheets: How to work with them in a GIS to derive bathymetry, features and substrates
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Publication (Journal Article)
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Springfield, Virginia
Publisher:
United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Online_Linkage:
https://apps-afsc.fisheries.noaa.gov/Publications/AFSC-TM/NOAA-TM-AFSC-249.pdf
Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2013
Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Zimmerman and Benson, 2013
Source_Contribution: Descriptive procedure for georeferencing T-sheets and H-sheets
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Methods used in this data release are based on those presented in Buser and Morton (2011) and Zimmermann and Benson (2013). Hydrographic sheets were created for the Mississippi-Alabama coastal region from 1847 to 1895 and were downloaded from NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) website (NOAA, 2021) as non-georeferenced raster files. Hydrographic sheets downloaded include: H-00191 (1847); H-00192 (1847-48); H-00193A (1848); H-00215 (1849); H-00227 (1850); H-00261 (1851); H-00262 (1851); H-00328 and H-00328A (1853); H-00329 (1852); H-00365 (1853); H-00430A (1854); H-01310 (1875-76). The nautical charts downloaded include: LC-00018 (1895); LC-00188 (1856,1877); LC-00189 (1856,1894); LC-00034 (1856). Within ArcGIS 10.6.1, the H-sheets were projected into the North American Datum of 1983 Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 16N (NAD83 UTM Zone 16N) using the "project raster" tool to match the projection of the topographic sheets. Using the ArcGIS "Georeferencing" toolbar, H-sheets were georeferenced to spatially referenced topographic sheets (T-sheets) or previously referenced H-sheets using at least four graticules, prominent shoreline features, and benchmarks. The rectified H-sheets and nautical charts were saved in the tagged image file format (.tif).
Process_Date: 2021
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Person: Joseph F. Terrano
Contact_Position: Researcher III
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: U.S.
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8047
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jterrano@contractor.usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
To digitize the soundings, the georeferenced H-sheets were added to ArcMap 10.6.1. Using the ArcMap editor toolbar, the soundings were digitized based on a visual assessment of sounding locations within the imagery and saved as vector digital data within an ArcGIS point shapefile. The written sounding (depth in feet or fathoms) displayed on the H-sheet was populated in the shapefile attribute table (Hsheet_f attribute) as each sounding was digitized. Soundings were written in fathoms for depths deeper than 18 ft but were converted back to feet before being written in the "Hsheet_f" attribute field. Data were checked to ensure written soundings matched the depth of the digitized point. All depths were written as positive values.
Process_Date: 2021
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Person: Joseph F. Terrano
Contact_Position: Researcher III
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: U.S.
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8047
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jterrano@contractor.usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The ArcGIS point shapefile described in the previous processing step was converted into a comma separated value (.csv) file so additional processing outside of the ArcGIS environment could be conducted. The digitized depths (Hsheet_f attribute) obtained from the H-sheets were converted to meters (Hsheet_m attribute) and those depths were then converted to modern MLW by adding 0.325 m to each depth (Depth_MLW attribute). The 0.325 m value was calculated based on an average sea level rise (SLR) rate of 2.31 millimeters per year (mm/yr; based on calculations derived for this study in 2016) using the Pensacola, Florida NOAA tidal station (https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/sltrends/sltrends_station.shtml?id=8729840). The Pensacola tidal station was chosen based on previous historical bathymetry data published in the region (Buster and Morton, 2011). The MLW depths were then run through the NOAA datum transformation (VDatum; version 4.0.1) program to convert the depths to NAVD88 elevations using the GEOID12A model. VDatum has a vertical accuracy of 15.7369 cm. Final depth values were converted from positive to negative depths (z_NAVD88 attribute). The final .csv file was then converted back into an ArcGIS shapefile.
Process_Date: 2021
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Person: Joseph F. Terrano
Contact_Position: Researcher III
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: U.S.
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8047
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jterrano@contractor.usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The MS/AL bathymetric grid was created in multiple steps with a temporary grid being used to derive contours. To create the temporary gridded bathymetric data, the 1800s shoreline (continuous points at a 10 m spacing with an elevation of -0.21 m to represent the height of the marsh), sounding data (in NAVD88; GEOID12A), and a polygon of the water (used to remove land and small tidal creeks) were added to the "Topo To Raster" tool in ArcGIS 10.6.1. The output cell size was set to 100 and all other settings were left as the default. The "Topo To Raster" tool was run and an initial, temporary grid was created. The reason a temporary grid was created was because the "Contour" tool in ArcGIS required a grid to create contours. To create the contours, the grid was run through the "Contour" tool with a contour interval of 1 m. The first temporary bathymetric grid was then discarded. The new contour file, 1800s shoreline points, water polygon, and sounding data were run through the "Topo To Raster" tool again using a cell size of 100 and all other settings set to default. Since the original sounding data consisted of thousands of soundings, the larger cell size allowed the new grid to average more points together for each cell, thus removing some of the extraneous soundings. The grid was then exported as a TIFF image with a cell size of 20. The smaller cell size smoothed the final grid. The process was repeated for the subset area of Grand Bay. Refer to the bathymetric soundings dataset (shapefile MS_AL_Bathymetric_Soundings.shp) for the exact soundings used to derive each grid.
Process_Date: 2021
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Person: Joseph F. Terrano
Contact_Position: Researcher III
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: U.S.
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8047
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jterrano@contractor.usgs.gov
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Grid cell
Row_Count: 1155
Column_Count: 1125
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Grid_Coordinate_System:
Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
UTM_Zone_Number: 16N
Transverse_Mercator:
Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -87.0
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
False_Easting: 500000.0
False_Northing: 0.0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 20
Ordinate_Resolution: 20
Planar_Distance_Units: Meter
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_North_American_1983
Ellipsoid_Name: GRS_1980
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Gridded bathymetric data included in Grand_Bay_Gridded_Bathymetry.tif are provided in TIFF format, with a 32-bit pixel depth, and a pixel type of floating point. The raster contains 1155 rows and 1125 columns. This gridded bathymetry file is a subset of the larger MS/AL grid. The orthometric height (NAVD88, GEOID12A) of the grid is -0.136905 to -10.8203 m. Gridded bathymetric data included in MS/AL_Gridded_Bathymetry.tif are provided in TIFF format, with a 32-bit pixel depth, and a pixel type of floating point. The raster contains 4573 rows and 5030 columns. The orthometric height (NAVD88, GEOID12A) of the grid is +0.311786 to -29.6216 m.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Person: Joseph F. Terrano
Contact_Position: Researcher III
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 600 4Th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8047
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jterrano@contractor.usgs.gov
Distribution_Liability:
This digital publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name:
https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P9GRUK4B/data/Gridded_Bathymetry.zip
Fees: None. No fees are applicable for obtaining the dataset.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20220315
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Joseph F. Terrano
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Position: Researcher III
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 600 4Th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8047
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jterrano@contractor.usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Use_Constraints:
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.
Metadata_Security_Information:
Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None
Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified
Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/spcmsc/Gridded_Bathymetry_Metadata.html>
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