Time Series of Autonomous Carbonate System Parameter Measurements in Eastern Gulf of Mexico near Tampa Bay, Florida, USA

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Time Series of Autonomous Carbonate System Parameter Measurements in Eastern Gulf of Mexico near Tampa Bay, Florida, USA
Abstract:
This dataset contains carbonate system data collected by scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center to investigate the effects of carbon cycling, coastal and ocean acidification in the Gulf of Mexico near the Tampa Bay estuary located in west central Florida, USA. These data were collected using an autonomous instrument called the Ocean Carbon System version 3 (OCSv3) deployed on the University of South Florida (USF), Coastal Ocean Monitoring and Prediction System (COMPS) Buoy C12. The OCSv3 consists of four sensors integrated into a Sea-Bird Scientific STOR-X submersible data logger including a Sea-Bird SeapHOx sensor for measurement of pH that incorporates a Sea-Bird SBE 37-SMP-ODO MicroCAT C-T-ODO (P) Recorder for measurement of conductivity (for calculation of salinity), temperature, depth, and dissolved oxygen; a Pro-Oceanus CO2-Pro CV CO2 sensor; and a Wetlabs Eco-PAR sensor for measurement of photosynthetically active radiation. The dataset is a time series of carbonate system parameters including: water temperature (Celsius, °C), pressure (decibar, dbar), salinity, pHT (pH on the total scale), carbon dioxide (parts per million, ppm), pressure from the CO2-Pro Infrared Gas Analyzer (IRGA) (millibars, mbar), dissolved oxygen (milligrams per liter, mg/L) and photosynthetically active radiation (microEinsteins). Each parameter was measured every hour for 24-hour time periods throughout the duration of deployment.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Yates, Kimberly K., Moore, Christopher S., and Lemon, Mitchell K., 20200423, Time Series of Autonomous Carbonate System Parameter Measurements in Eastern Gulf of Mexico near Tampa Bay, Florida, USA: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release doi:10.5066/P91T185R, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -83.74239
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -83.74239
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 27.49953
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 27.49953
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 25-Oct-2018
    Ending_Date: 29-Jan-2020
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Tabular Digital Data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Point data set.
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Gulf-of-Mexico-C12-OCSv3-Data-10252018-to-01292020.csv, Gulf-of-Mexico-C12-OCSv3-Data-10252018-to-01292020.xlsx
    Time series data collected from eastern Gulf of Mexico beginning in October 2018 and continuing through January 2020. Data are provided as comma separated values (CSV) and Microsoft Excel files, that contain: coordinates, date, time, conductivity, water temperature, pressure at depth, salinity, pH, CO2, measurement chamber pressure for CO2, dissolved oxygen, photosynthetically active radiation and data quality flags for each parameter. (Source: USGS)
    Site Description
    Description of the physical location where the measurements were collected. (Source: USGS) The name of the geographic location at the sampling location.
    Latitude
    Latitude coordinates measured in the World Geodetic System 1984 (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:27.49953
    Maximum:27.49953
    Units:Decimal degrees
    Longitude
    Longitude coordinates measured in the World Geodetic System 1984 (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-83.74239
    Maximum:-83.74239
    Units:Decimal degrees
    DATETAG EST
    A numeric identifier for the calendar date used by the USGS on the day of sample collection. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:10/25/2018
    Maximum:01/29/2020
    Units:Units correspond to calendar month, day and year in MM/DD/YYYY format.
    TIMETAG EST
    Timestamp showing the time of day each sample was collected. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0:30:00
    Maximum:23:30:00
    Units:Hours, minutes, seconds in the format HH:MM:SS
    T(W) (C)
    Water temperature measured in degrees Celsius (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-273.15
    Maximum:30.82
    Units:Celsius (C)
    QF_T(W)
    A numeric value that indicates the quality of reported temperature data. (Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/GTSPP/document/codetbls/gtsppcodes/gtspp_qual.html)
    ValueDefinition
    1, 4, 9Flag 1 = QC has been performed and element appears to be correct, Flag 2 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably good with other elements, Flag 3 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably bad, Flag 4 = QC has been performed and element appears to be bad, Flag 5 = the value has been modified as a result of QC, Flag 9 = The value of the element is missing.
    PRESS (dbar)
    Pressure measured in decibars (dbar) (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.094
    Maximum:0.962
    Units:Decibar
    QF_PRESS
    A numeric value that indicates the quality of the reported pressure data. (Source: NOAA NCEI)
    ValueDefinition
    1, 4, 9Flag 1 = QC has been performed and element appears to be correct, Flag 2 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably good with other elements, Flag 3 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably bad, Flag 4 = QC has been performed and element appears to be bad, Flag 5 = the value has been modified as a result of QC, Flag 9 = The value of the element is missing.
    SALINITY
    A numeric value for salinity (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.59
    Maximum:36.33
    QF_SALINITY
    A numeric value that indicates the quality of the reported salinity data. (Source: NOAA NCEI)
    ValueDefinition
    1, 4, 9Flag 1 = QC has been performed and element appears to be correct, Flag 2 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably good with other elements, Flag 3 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably bad, Flag 4 = QC has been performed and element appears to be bad, Flag 5 = the value has been modified as a result of QC, Flag 9 = The value of the element is missing.
    pHT
    A numeric value for pH using the total scale. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:8.005
    Maximum:8.137
    QF_pHT
    A numeric value that indicates the quality of the reported total scale pH data. (Source: NOAA NCEI)
    ValueDefinition
    1, 3, 4, 9Flag 1 = QC has been performed and element appears to be correct, Flag 2 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably good with other elements, Flag 3 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably bad, Flag 4 = QC has been performed and element appears to be bad, Flag 5 = the value has been modified as a result of QC, Flag 9 = The value of the element is missing.
    CO2 (ppm)
    A numeric value for the concentration of CO2 in parts per million by volume. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.0
    Maximum:3729.9
    Units:parts per million (ppm)
    QF_CO2
    A numeric value that indicates the quality of the reported CO2 concentration data. (Source: NOAA NCEI)
    ValueDefinition
    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9Flag 1 = QC has been performed and element appears to be correct, Flag 2 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably good with other elements, Flag 3 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably bad, Flag 4 = QC has been performed and element appears to be bad, Flag 5 = the value has been modified as a result of QC, Flag 9 = The value of the element is missing.
    PRES(IRGA) (mbar)
    A numeric value for pressure in the sampling chamber of the infrared gas analyzer of the CO2 sensor. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:991
    Maximum:1190
    Units:mbar
    QF_PRES(IRGA)
    A numeric value that indicates the quality of the reported IRGA pressure data. (Source: NOAA NCEI)
    ValueDefinition
    1, 3, 4, 9Flag 1 = QC has been performed and element appears to be correct, Flag 2 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably good with other elements, Flag 3 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably bad, Flag 4 = QC has been performed and element appears to be bad, Flag 5 = the value has been modified as a result of QC, Flag 9 = The value of the element is missing.
    OXYGEN (mg/L)
    A numeric identifier for the concentration of oxygen in milligrams per liter of seawater (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:6.02
    Maximum:10.72
    Units:milligrams/L
    QF_OXYGEN
    A numeric value that indicates the quality of the reported oxygen concentration data. (Source: NOAA NCEI)
    ValueDefinition
    1, 3, 4, 5, 9Flag 1 = QC has been performed and element appears to be correct, Flag 2 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably good with other elements, Flag 3 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably bad, Flag 4 = QC has been performed and element appears to be bad, Flag 5 = the value has been modified as a result of QC, Flag 9 = The value of the element is missing.
    PAR (microEinsteins)
    A numeric value for the concentration of photosynthetically available radiation. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.0
    Maximum:2898.7
    Units:microEinsteins
    QF_PAR
    A numeric value that indicates the quality of the reported PAR data. (Source: NOAA NCEI)
    ValueDefinition
    1, 4, 9Flag 1 = QC has been performed and element appears to be correct, Flag 2 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably good with other elements, Flag 3 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably bad, Flag 4 = QC has been performed and element appears to be bad, Flag 5 = the value has been modified as a result of QC, Flag 9 = The value of the element is missing.

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Kimberly K. Yates
    • Christopher S. Moore
    • Mitchell K. Lemon
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    Please acknowledge the USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center and cite the USGS data release as the source for all products developed from these data.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Kimberly Yates
    United States Geological Survey
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    US

    727-502-8059 (voice)
    kyates@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

This dataset was acquired to assist USGS staff with the quantification, analysis and interpretation of geochemical time series data that will ultimately be used in assessments and research of or related to carbon cycling, coastal and ocean acidification. Data were collected during USGS field activity number (FAN) 2019-308-FA. Additional survey and data details are available from the USGS Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System (CMGDS) at, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2019-308-FA.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2020 (process 1 of 2)
    OCSv3 Description: The OCSv3 consists of 4 sensors, 1 pump, 1 submersible data logger, a solar power package, and is linked to the satellite telemetry package of the USF COMPS Buoy C12. The equipment models are: Pro-Oceanus CO2-Pro CV for measurement of carbon dioxide concentration; Sea-Bird SeapHOx sensor for measurement of pH on the total scale; Sea-Bird SBE 37-SMP-ODO MicroCAT C-T-ODO (P) Recorder for measurement of dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature and depth; Sea-Bird/WET Labs ECO-PAR for measurement of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR); Sea-Bird STOR-X data logger, and a Sea-Bird SBE-5P submersible pump. Sensor resolution is as follows: Pro-Oceanus CO2-Pro 0.01 ppm for CO2; 1 mbar for PRESS(IRGA); SeapHOx 0.004 pH; Sea-Bird SBE 37-SMP-ODO MicroCAT C-T-ODO (P) Recorder 0.0001 degrees C for temperature; 0.00001 siemens for conductivity (used by the instrument to calculate salinity) and 0.002% of full scale range; 0.001 mg/L for dissolved oxygen; and ECO-PAR 14-bit digital output resolution.
    The sensors were packaged as a single unit in a custom designed platform that was mounted on an oceanographic observation system buoy. The Sea-Bird SBE-5P submersible pump pulls water through a stainless copper mesh strainer and pumps the water to the CO2-Pro CV for CO2 measurement. The sensors not requiring flow are located in close proximity to the pump intake and measure ambient water. The STOR-X and sensors are powered by a 90-watt solar panel and rechargeable battery system.
    The STOR-X distributes power to the attached sensors according to a custom schedule. The OCSv3 operates 24 hours per day, with a sampling acquisition period once every hour at the half-hour mark prefaced by a 20-minute warm up period for the CO2-Pro CV. The sampling acquisition period runs for approximately 00:01:10. The CO2 sensor re-zeros every 8 hours and collects approximately 35 CO2 and PRESS(IRGA) measurements during each sampling period. The ECO-PAR sensor collects approximately 51 PAR measurements per sample period. The SeapHOx collects 1 pH measurement per sample period. The SBE 37 collects 1 conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen and pressure measurements per sampling period.
    Data Storage and Preprocessing: Data are managed and stored by the STOR-X data logger. Acquired data are saved into sensor-specific .raw files that contain the information for each Julian day. Downloading this data from the site occurs at regular intervals to ensure the sensors’ operational status. Downloading these .raw files from the STOR-X requires the use of STORXCom software to communicate between the STOR-X and a computer. Once the data are downloaded, SatCon version 1.5 Data Conversion program converts the .raw files into .dat files and applies any processing required. Individual sensor Julian day .dat files are then combined into one large multi-day dataset per sensor. These files are opened in Microsoft (MS) Excel and saved in the .xlsx format. The combined multiday files contain headers for each individual day file that are strung together; these must be manually removed in MS Excel leaving only the top header line. Multi-day files are then processed through a custom averaging code written in Pearl, designed by David Zawada (USGS). This code averages the multiple measurements from each sensor per sampling period to generate a single averaged value for each sensor per sampling period, reported at the start time of the sampling period and day. In addition to averaging parameter values, the code also provides the mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum for each sampling period. Averaged data for each sensor parameter are then manually merged into a single .xlsx file for further processing. Data files are deleted from the STOR-X after confirmation of successful download and storage of parameter data. Additionally, processed data are transferred hourly from the STOR-X through a satellite telemetry system and are available online at http://ocgtds.marine.usf.edu:8080/thredds/catalog/COMPS_C12_Month_USGS/catalog.html.
    Advanced Data Processing: Preliminary QA/QC of sensor data are performed after averaged data are compiled into .xlsx files and after advanced data processing is performed. Parameter data are plotted to examine sensor performance and identify non-trending outliers. Cross validation of sensor parameters is performed to further analyze outliers and identify questionable or bad data points. Further validation of pH and CO2 sensor data is performed by comparing sensor values to values measured in discrete water samples. Discrete pH is measured using spectrophotometric measurements. CO2 is calculated from discrete measurements of pH and dissolved inorganic carbon (performed using carbon coulometry methods), or from discrete measurements of pH and total alkalinity (measured spectrophotometrically). Measurement of sensor data is validated with discrete data approximately every three months. Person who carried out this activity:
    Kimberly Yates
    USGS
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, Florida
    USA

    727-502-8059 (voice)
    kyates@usgs.gov
    Date: 13-Oct-2020 (process 2 of 2)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    All sensor data were subject to preliminary QA/QC. A two-step procedure has been taken to remove outliers. During the first step, data beyond acceptable measurement ranges for the sensors were flagged with a quality flag of 4 to indicate bad data. Next, data parameters were plotted to examine temporal trends and cross-correlation (for example, pCO2 vs. pH), as predictable relationships (linear or exponential) have been observed in previous discrete and autonomous measurements. Data points that deviate from temporal and/or correlation trends were flagged with a quality flag of 4 (indicating bad data).
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Accuracy was checked against global positioning system (GPS) values provided by the manufacturer. Garmin GPSMAP64st and Garmin GPSmap 60CSx FPSMAP60 accuracy, < 10 meters
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    Accuracy was checked against GPS values provided by the manufacture. Garmin GPSMAP64st and Garmin GPSmap 60CSx FPSMAP60 accuracy, < 10 meters
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Data were checked to ensure all values fall within the range of analysis for each sensor, and outliers were marked with a quality flag of 3 or 4. Data were checked for missing or duplicate data points. Missing data points were marked with a value of -99. Geospatial data were plotted in either ArcGIS or in Google Earth to verify accuracy of the location.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originators of the data in future products or derivative research.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    Kimberly Yates
    United States Geological Survey
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, Florida
    USA

    727-502-8059 (voice)
    kyates@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 13-Oct-2020
Metadata author:
Kimberly K. Yates
United States Geological Survey
Research Oceanographer
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL
USA

727-502-8059 (voice)
kyates@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/spcmsc/Gulf-of-Mexico-C12-OCSv3-metadata.faq.html>
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