<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metadata>
  <idinfo>
    <citation>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>Lisa L. Robbins</origin>
        <origin>Kimberly K. Yates</origin>
        <origin>Paul O. Knorr</origin>
        <origin>Jonathan Wynn</origin>
        <origin>John Lisle</origin>
        <origin>Brian Buczkowski</origin>
        <origin>Barbara Moore</origin>
        <origin>Larry Mayer</origin>
        <origin>Andrew Armstrong</origin>
        <origin>Robert H. Byrne</origin>
        <origin>Xuewu Liu</origin>
        <pubdate>2012</pubdate>
        <title>HLY1001_Averaged</title>
        <geoform>vector digital data</geoform>
        <serinfo>
          <sername>Data Series</sername>
          <issue>748</issue>
        </serinfo>
        <pubinfo>
          <pubplace>St. Petersburg, FL</pubplace>
          <publish>U.S. Geological Survey</publish>
        </pubinfo>
        <onlink>http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/748/pubs748/index.html</onlink>
      </citeinfo>
    </citation>
    <descript>
      <abstract>Models project the Arctic Ocean will become undersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals in the next decade.  Recent field results indicate parts may already be undersaturated in late summer months when ice melt is at its greatest extent.  However, few comprehensive data sets of carbonate system parameters in the Arctic Ocean exist.  Researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and University of South Florida (USF) collected high-resolution measurements of pCO2, pH, total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), and carbonate (CO3-2) from the Canada Basin that fill critical information gaps concerning Arctic carbon variability.  A Multiparameter Inorganic Carbon Analyzer (MICA) was used to collect approximately 9,000 measurements of air and sea pCO2, pH, and DIC along a 11,447-km trackline in August and September 2011. In addition, over 500 discrete surface water samples were taken. These data are being used to characterize and model regional pCO2, pH, and carbonate mineral saturation state. A high-resolution, three-dimensional map of these results will be presented.</abstract>
      <purpose>Data collected on the August 2011 Arctic Cruise will be used to create regional maps of seawater carbonate parameters, including pCO2 flux/change maps, and derivative maps on saturation state. Maps depicting pCO2 and carbonate saturation states over large latitudinal and nearshore to offshore gradients are needed for the Arctic, where significant decline of carbonate ecosystems, habitats, and calcifying organisms are predicted over the next decade. The data will allow the USGS to map variations in ocean chemistry along designated tracks and will be used in models to predict future Arctic Ocean saturation states.</purpose>
    </descript>
    <timeperd>
      <timeinfo>
        <sngdate>
          <caldate>20110801</caldate>
        </sngdate>
      </timeinfo>
      <current>ground condition</current>
    </timeperd>
    <status>
      <progress>Complete</progress>
      <update>None planned</update>
    </status>
    <spdom>
      <bounding>
        <westbc>-179.99</westbc>
        <eastbc>-179.99</eastbc>
        <northbc>88.46</northbc>
        <southbc>56.14</southbc>
      </bounding>
    </spdom>
    <keywords>
      <theme>
        <themekt>USGS Metadata Identifier</themekt>
        <themekey>USGS:2d738e27-d796-42e6-8319-b1fac7e9ca6f</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>Ocean Chemistry</themekt>
        <themekey>Ocean Acidification</themekey>
        <themekey>pCO2</themekey>
        <themekey>total carbon</themekey>
        <themekey>carbon flux</themekey>
        <themekey>pH</themekey>
        <themekey>Salinity</themekey>
        <themekey>Temperature</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>Data Categories for Marine Planning</themekt>
        <themekey>assessments</themekey>
        <themekey>water column features</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) Keywords</themekt>
        <themekey>chemical analysis</themekey>
        <themekey>chemical oceanography</themekey>
        <themekey>ocean acidification</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>USGS Thesaurus</themekt>
        <themekey>chemical analysis</themekey>
        <themekey>marine chemistry</themekey>
        <themekey>ocean acidification</themekey>
      </theme>
      <place>
        <placekt>Geography</placekt>
        <placekey>Arctic Ocean</placekey>
        <placekey>Canada Basin</placekey>
        <placekey>Alaska</placekey>
        <placekey>Canada</placekey>
      </place>
      <stratum>
        <stratkt>Water</stratkt>
        <stratkey>seawater</stratkey>
        <stratkey>ocean surface</stratkey>
      </stratum>
      <temporal>
        <tempkt>Year</tempkt>
        <tempkey>2011</tempkey>
      </temporal>
    </keywords>
    <accconst>none</accconst>
    <useconst>Please acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center as a data source in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices for data source is expected by users of this data set.</useconst>
    <ptcontac>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntperp>
          <cntper>Lisa Robbins</cntper>
          <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center</cntorg>
        </cntperp>
        <cntpos>Research Oceanographer</cntpos>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>physical</addrtype>
          <address>600 4th Street South</address>
          <city>St. Petersburg</city>
          <state>Florida</state>
          <postal>33701</postal>
          <country>USA</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>727-803-8747 x3005</cntvoice>
        <cntfax>727-803-2032</cntfax>
        <cntemail>727-803-2032</cntemail>
        <hours>8am to 5pm M-F EST</hours>
      </cntinfo>
    </ptcontac>
    <datacred>U.S. Geological Survey
St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center</datacred>
    <native>Microsoft Windows 7 Enterprise Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 10.0 Service Pack 2</native>
  </idinfo>
  <dataqual>
    <logic>These data were collected in the field and have not been checked for internal consistencies.</logic>
    <complete>These data are collected along tracklines (2-D) and therefore are inherently incomplete. There are no data collected between tracklines.</complete>
    <lineage>
      <procstep>
        <procdesc>Final data</procdesc>
        <srcused>HLY1102_Averaged</srcused>
        <procdate>20120312</procdate>
      </procstep>
      <procstep>
        <procdesc>Keywords section of metadata optimized for discovery in USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Data Catalog.</procdesc>
        <procdate>20170315</procdate>
        <proccont>
          <cntinfo>
            <cntorgp>
              <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>
              <cntper>Alan O. Allwardt</cntper>
            </cntorgp>
            <cntpos>Contractor -- Information Specialist</cntpos>
            <cntaddr>
              <addrtype>mailing and physical address</addrtype>
              <address>2885 Mission Street</address>
              <city>Santa Cruz</city>
              <state>CA</state>
              <postal>95060</postal>
            </cntaddr>
            <cntvoice>831-460-7551</cntvoice>
            <cntfax>831-427-4748</cntfax>
            <cntemail>aallwardt@usgs.gov</cntemail>
          </cntinfo>
        </proccont>
      </procstep>
      <procstep>
        <procdesc>Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.</procdesc>
        <procdate>20201013</procdate>
        <proccont>
          <cntinfo>
            <cntorgp>
              <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>
              <cntper>VeeAnn A. Cross</cntper>
            </cntorgp>
            <cntpos>Marine Geologist</cntpos>
            <cntaddr>
              <addrtype>Mailing and Physical</addrtype>
              <address>384 Woods Hole Road</address>
              <city>Woods Hole</city>
              <state>MA</state>
              <postal>02543-1598</postal>
            </cntaddr>
            <cntvoice>508-548-8700 x2251</cntvoice>
            <cntfax>508-457-2310</cntfax>
            <cntemail>vatnipp@usgs.gov</cntemail>
          </cntinfo>
        </proccont>
      </procstep>
    </lineage>
  </dataqual>
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    <direct>Vector</direct>
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    <horizsys>
      <geograph>
        <latres>.0174</latres>
        <longres>0.0174</longres>
        <geogunit>Decimal degrees</geogunit>
      </geograph>
      <geodetic>
        <horizdn>WGS_1984_Orthographic</horizdn>
        <ellips>GCS_WGS_1984</ellips>
        <semiaxis>6378137.000000000000000000</semiaxis>
        <denflat>298.257223563000030000</denflat>
      </geodetic>
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    <detailed>
      <enttyp>
        <enttypl>HLY1102_Averaged.shp</enttypl>
        <enttypd>ArcMap Shapefile.</enttypd>
        <enttypds>ArcMap 10.0</enttypds>
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        <attrlabl>FID</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Feature ID.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>ESRI</attrdefs>
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      <attr>
        <attrlabl>Shape*</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Feature geometry.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>ESRI</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <udom>Coordinates defining the features.</udom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>Id</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Sampling location number.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>USGS</attrdefs>
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            <rdommax>62452</rdommax>
            <attrunit>Ordinal positive integers.</attrunit>
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      <attr>
        <attrlabl>date_</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Date and time in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>National Institute of Standards and Technology</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>8/15/2011</rdommin>
            <rdommax>9/28/2011</rdommax>
            <attrunit>mm/dd/yyyy</attrunit>
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  <distinfo>
    <distrib>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntperp>
          <cntper>Lisa Robbins</cntper>
          <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal Marine and Science Center</cntorg>
        </cntperp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>Physical</addrtype>
          <address>600 4th Street South</address>
          <city>St. Petersburg</city>
          <state>Florida</state>
          <postal>33701</postal>
          <country>USA</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>727-803-8747 x3005</cntvoice>
      </cntinfo>
    </distrib>
    <resdesc>Downloadable Data</resdesc>
    <distliab>This CD publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.</distliab>
    <stdorder>
      <digform>
        <digtinfo>
          <formname>ArcGIS (.dbf, .prj, .sbn, .sbx, .shp, .shx)</formname>
          <filedec>ZIP File Format</filedec>
          <transize>1.336</transize>
        </digtinfo>
        <digtopt>
          <offoptn>
            <offmedia>CD</offmedia>
            <recfmt>CD-R</recfmt>
          </offoptn>
        </digtopt>
      </digform>
      <fees>Free</fees>
    </stdorder>
  </distinfo>
  <metainfo>
    <metd>20210923</metd>
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      <cntinfo>
        <cntperp>
          <cntper>Paul O. Knorr</cntper>
          <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>
        </cntperp>
        <cntpos>Research Associate</cntpos>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing address</addrtype>
          <address>600 4th Street South</address>
          <city>St. Petersburg</city>
          <state>Florida</state>
          <postal>33701</postal>
          <country>USA</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>727-803-8747</cntvoice>
        <cntfax>727-803-2032</cntfax>
        <cntemail>pknorr@usgs.gov</cntemail>
        <hours>8am to 5pm M-F EST</hours>
      </cntinfo>
    </metc>
    <metstdn>FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata</metstdn>
    <metstdv>FGDC-STD-001-1998</metstdv>
    <mettc>local time</mettc>
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