Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Justin J. Birchler Originator: Kara S. Doran Publication_Date: 20251117 Title: Tropical Storm Isaias Assessment of Potential Coastal-Change Impacts: NHC Advisory 25, 0800 AM EDT MON AUG 3 2020 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kara S. Doran Originator: Justin J. Birchler Originator: Heather A. Schreppel Originator: Hilary F. Stockdon Originator: David M. Thompson Publication_Date: 2019 Title: Storm-Induced Coastal Change Forecasts: Archive of Individual Storm Events Edition: 2.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey data release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P9Z362BC Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, Florida Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Z362BC Description: Abstract: This dataset defines storm-induced coastal erosion hazards for the Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia coastline. The analysis was based on a storm-impact scaling model that used observations of beach morphology combined with sophisticated hydrodynamic models to predict how the coast would respond to the direct landfall of Tropical Storm Isaias in August 2020. Storm-induced water levels, due to both surge and waves, were compared to beach and dune elevations to determine the probabilities of three types of coastal change: collision (dune erosion), overwash, and inundation. Purpose: To provide data on the probability of storm-induced coastal erosion hazards for the Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia coast for Tropical Storm Isaias. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20200803 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned, however future updates and post-storm analyses are anticipated. Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -81.4588 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.4609 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.9272 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 25.6654 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:121fe87f-47be-4e9e-b6ea-de6942021f7b Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: SPCMSC Theme_Keyword: Coastal/Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: coastal Theme_Keyword: Tropical Storm Isaias Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: hazards Theme_Keyword: marine geology Theme_Keyword: ocean sciences Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme_Keyword: erosion Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: distributions Theme_Keyword: bathymetry and elevation Theme_Keyword: physical habitats and geomorphology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) Keywords Theme_Keyword: effects of coastal change Theme_Keyword: shoreline accretion Theme_Keyword: shoreline erosion Theme_Keyword: storm erosion Theme_Keyword: topographic mapping Theme_Keyword: hurricanes and typhoons Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System Place_Keyword: United States of America Place_Keyword: Florida Place_Keyword: Georgia Place_Keyword: South Carolina Place_Keyword: North Carolina Place_Keyword: Virginia Access_Constraints: No access constraints. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details. Use_Constraints: These data are marked with a Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal License. These data are in the public domain and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Justin J. Birchler Contact_Position: Physical Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: UNITED STATES Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbirchler@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: The predicted elevations of storm surge were extracted from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations (NOAA) Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH) model, which has been employed by NOAA in inundation risk studies and operational storm surge forecasting. Wave runup and setup conditions were generated using NOAA's WaveWatch III model. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 10; Esri ArcGIS 10.6.0.8321 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Stockdon, H.F. Originator: Doran, K.J. Originator: Thompson, D.M. Originator: Sopkin, K.L. Originator: Plant, N.G. Originator: Sallenger, A.H. Publication_Date: 2012 Title: National Assessment of Hurricane-Induced Coastal Erosion Hazards: Gulf of Mexico Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: doi:10.3133/ofr20121084 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121084 Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: No additional checks for consistency were performed on this data. Completeness_Report: This dataset includes dune morphology and hurricane hydrodynamic data used to generate probabilities of hurricane-induced erosion, elevation data from lidar surveys are not included. Measurements were collected approximately every 10 meters (m) and summarized to 500 m segments. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Horizontal accuracy was not estimated. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Vertical accuracy for hydrodynamic measurements (surge, setup, and runup) is dependent on input data. SLOSH model accuracy is estimated to be +/- 20 percent of the calculated value. No other accuracy checks were performed. Vertical accuracy for dune morphology (dune crest and toe elevation) data is dependent on the positional accuracy of the lidar data. Estimated accuracy of lidar surveys are +/- 15 centimeters. However, vertical accuracies may vary based on the type of terrain (for example, inaccuracies may increase as slope increases or with the presence of extremely dense vegetation), the accuracy of the global positioning system (GPS), and aircraft-attitude measurements. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Hurricane Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Publication_Date: 20200803 Title: Probabilistic Tropical Storm Surge Online_Linkage: http://slosh.nws.noaa.gov/psurge2.0/index.php Online_Linkage: ftp://ftp.ncep.noaa.gov/pub/data/nccf/com/psurge/prod/ Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20200803 Source_Currentness_Reference: The date when web page was last modified. Source_Citation_Abbreviation: P-Surge Source_Contribution: Data provides water levels that have a 1 in 10 chance of being exceeded within the next 102 hours. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA National Weather Service Environmental Modeling Center Publication_Date: 20200803 Title: NOAA Wavewatch III Online_Linkage: https://polar.ncep.noaa.gov/waves/ Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20200803 Source_Currentness_Reference: The date when the model was run. Source_Citation_Abbreviation: WW3 Source_Contribution: Wave model that was used to estimate wave setup and runup conditions at the shoreline within the next 180 hours. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Publication_Date: 20171002 Title: 2017 USACE FEMA Topobathy Lidar: Florida East Coast, Florida Keys, and Collier County (Post Hurricane Irma) Other_Citation_Details: Geographic Coverage: FL East Coast Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/htdata/lidar2_z/geoid12b/data/6330 Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=6330 Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20170918 Ending_Date: 20171025 Source_Currentness_Reference: The date when lidar surveys were collected. Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USACE FL EC 2017 Source_Contribution: A lidar survey that was used to estimate dune morphology variables. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Publication_Date: 20180514 Title: 2016 USACE Post-Matthew Topobathy Lidar: Southeast Coast (VA, NC, SC, GA and FL) Other_Citation_Details: Geographic Coverage: GA, SC, NC, VA Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/htdata/lidar2_z/geoid12b/data/5184 Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=5184 Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20161028 Ending_Date: 20161126 Source_Currentness_Reference: The date when lidar surveys were collected. Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USACE Southeast 2016 Source_Contribution: A lidar survey that was used to estimate dune morphology variables. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of eXpertise (JALBTCX) Publication_Date: 20190906 Title: 2018 USACE NCMP Post-Florence Topobathy Lidar: Southeast Coast (VA, NC, SC) Other_Citation_Details: Geographic Coverage: SC (Winyah Bay to NC border), NC, VA Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/htdata/lidar3_z/geoid12b/data/8617/ Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=8617 Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20181002 Ending_Date: 20181003 Source_Currentness_Reference: The date when lidar surveys were collected. Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USACE NCMP SC-VA 2018 Source_Contribution: A lidar survey that was used to estimate dune morphology variables. Process_Step: Process_Description: For dune morphology data: Elevation data from lidar surveys were interpolated in MATLAB (version R2017a) to a gridded domain that was rotated parallel to the shoreline and had a resolution of 10 m in the longshore direction and 2.5 m in the cross-shore direction. The interpolation method applied spatial filtering with a Hanning window that was twice as wide as the grid resolution. Dune morphology data were extracted from the elevation grid in MATLAB. Dune morphology data were then summarized to 500 m sections. Sections with greater than 75 percent of data missing were flagged with the invalid number of -999. The 1-kilometer smoothed dune crest (DHIGH), toe (DLOW) and root mean square (RMS) error for each (DHIrms and DLOrms) were written to line shapefiles using MATLAB's shapewrite.m script. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: USACE FL EC 2017 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: USACE Southeast 2016 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: USACE NCMP SC-VA 2018 Process_Date: 2020 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Dune morphology (DHIGH, DLOW, DHIrms, DLOrms) Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Justin J. Birchler Contact_Position: Physical Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: UNITED STATES Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbirchler@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: For hydrodynamic data: Water level was computed in MATLAB by adding storm surge from NOAAs Probabilistic Tropical Storm Surge (P-Surge) model (https://slosh.nws.noaa.gov/psurge2.0/) to wave setup and runup. The wave height and period used for calculating wave runup and setup came from the Wavewatch III model. Hydrodynamic parameters were calculated in MATLAB and exported into ArcGIS shapefile format. For details on modeling parameterization, see Stockdon and others (2012). Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: P-Surge Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: WW3 Process_Date: 20200803 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Hydrodynamics (SURGE, SETUP, RUNUP) Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Justin J. Birchler Contact_Position: Physical Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: UNITED STATES Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbirchler@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Probabilities of coastal erosion hazards were based on estimating the likelihood that the beach system would experience erosion and deposition patterns consistent with collision (PCOL), overwash (POVW), or inundation (PIND) regimes. The regimes were calculated by using values of dune morphology and mean and extreme water levels for each 500 m section, such that the probability of collision (PCOL) occurs when extreme water levels reach the dune toe; overwash (POVW) when extreme water levels reach the dune crest; and inundation (PIND) when mean water levels reach the dune crest. In cases where DLOW is null (-999) PCOL is also null (-999) due to the inability to compute water level elevation reaching dune toe. Probabilities were calculated in MATLAB and exported using MATLABs shapewrite.m script. For details on modeling parameterization, see Stockdon and others (2012). Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Dune morphology Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Hydrodynamics Process_Date: 20200803 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Probabilities (PCOL, POVW, PIND) Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Justin J. Birchler Contact_Position: Physical Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: UNITED STATES Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbirchler@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 3453 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.01975663976 Longitude_Resolution: 0.0249972312 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal Degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D WGS 1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS 1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Isaias_PCOI_line Entity_Type_Definition: Probabilities of hurricane-induced coastal erosion, dune morphology, and hurricane hydrodynamic data Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: DHIGH Attribute_Definition: Elevation of dune crest, in meters, using the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). Extracted from lidar surveys collected from October 2016 to October 2018. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.9184 Range_Domain_Maximum: 9.9962 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: DLOW Attribute_Definition: Elevation of the dune toe, in meters NAVD88. Extracted from lidar surveys collected from October 2016 to October 2018. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.3082 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.1753 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: DHIrms Attribute_Definition: Root mean square error of dune crest elevation measurements . Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.1708 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.1725 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: DLOrms Attribute_Definition: Root mean square error of dune toe elevation measurements. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.1724 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.9852 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: SURGE Attribute_Definition: Storm surge water level. Attribute_Definition_Source: NOAA Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.049311 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.6987 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NOAA Attribute: Attribute_Label: RUNUP Attribute_Definition: Wave runup water level. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.17635 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.7321 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: SETUP Attribute_Definition: Wave setup water level. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.041289 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.9817 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: PCOL Attribute_Definition: Probability of collision. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 8.89e-05 Range_Domain_Maximum: 99.938 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: POVW Attribute_Definition: Probability of overwash. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 99.9133 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: PIND Attribute_Definition: Probability of inundation. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 87.3315 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: MEAN Attribute_Definition: Mean water level (surge + setup). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.10267 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.2102 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: EXTREME Attribute_Definition: Extreme water level (surge + runup). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.25461 Range_Domain_Maximum: 5.6768 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: TIDE Attribute_Definition: Predicted tide water level. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: USGS SPCMSC Data Management Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: shapefile File_Decompression_Technique: zip Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P9Z362BC/data/Isaias_2020.zip Fees: None, if obtained online. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20251117 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: USGS SPCMSC Data Management Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998