Extratropical Storm Jan2016 Assessment of Potential Coastal Change Impacts: 1200 PM EST FRI JAN 22 2016

Frequently anticipated questions:

• What does this data set describe?
  1. How might this data set be cited?
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
• Who produced the data set?
  1. Who are the originators of the data set?
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
• Why was the data set created?
• How was the data set created?
  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
• How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?
  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the data, including topology?
• How can someone get a copy of the data set?
  1. Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
  2. Who distributes the data?
  3. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  4. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
  5. How can I download or order the data?
• Who wrote the metadata?

What does this data set describe?

1. How might this data set be cited?
   Birchler, Justin J., Doran, Kara S., Stockdon, Hilary F., and Schreppel, Heather A., 20190619, Extratropical Storm Jan2016 Assessment of Potential Coastal Change Impacts: 1200 PM EST FRI JAN 22 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release doi:10.5066/P9Z362BC, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Z362BC

   This is part of the following larger work.
   U.S. Geological Survey, 2019, USGS Coastal Change Hazards Portal.

   Online Links:

   • https://marine.usgs.gov/coastalchangehazardsportal

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: -76.009641
   East_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.031394
   North_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.999982
   South_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.495732
   

3. What does it look like?
4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Calendar_Date: 22-Jan-2016

   Currentness_Reference:

   ground condition

5. What is the general form of this data set?

   Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
   

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Vector data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • String (721)
   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 8.9831528411952133e-009. Longitudes are given to the nearest 8.9831528411952133e-009. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal Degrees. The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.
      
7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

   Jan2016_PCOI_line

   Probabilities of hurricane-induced coastal erosion, dune morphology, and hurricane hydrodynamic data (Source: USGS)

   FID

   Internal feature number. (Source: Esri) Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

   Shape

   Feature geometry. (Source: Esri) Coordinates defining the features.

   DHIGH

   Elevation of dune crest, in meters, using the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). Extracted from lidar surveys collected November 2012. (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.530798
   Maximum:	8.568446
   Units:	meters NAVD88

   DLOW

   Elevation of the dune toe, in meters NAVD88. Extracted from lidar surveys collected November 2012. (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.881941
   Maximum:	4.87668
   Units:	meters NAVD88

   DHIrms

   Root mean squared error of dune crest elevation measurements (square meters). (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.139591
   Maximum:	2.290254
   Units:	square meters

   DLOrms

   Root mean square error of dune toe elevation measurements (square meters). (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.084574
   Maximum:	1.868657
   Units:	square meters

   SURGE

   Storm surge water level (Source: NOAA)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.013138
   Maximum:	1.844556
   Units:	meters NAVD88

   RUNUP

   Wave runup water level (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.291872
   Maximum:	3.06616
   Units:	meters NAVD88

   SETUP

   Wave setup water level (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.057632
   Maximum:	1.311446
   Units:	meters NAVD88

   PCOL

   Probability of collision (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.081387
   Maximum:	99.999946
   Units:	percent

   POVW

   Probability of overwash (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	99.968885
   Units:	percent

   PIND

   Probability of inundation (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	90.382118
   Units:	percent

   MEAN

   Mean water level (surge + setup) (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.187115
   Maximum:	2.624773
   Units:	meters NAVD88

   EXTREME

   Extreme water level (surge + runup). (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.388691
   Maximum:	4.231712
   Units:	meters NAVD88

   TIDE

   Predicted tide water level (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	0
   Units:	meters NAVD88

Who produced the data set?

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
   • Justin J. Birchler
   • Kara S. Doran
   • Hilary F. Stockdon
   • Heather A. Schreppel
2. Who also contributed to the data set?

   The predicted elevations of storm surge were extracted from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH) model, which has been employed by NOAA in inundation risk studies and operational storm surge forecasting. Wave runup and setup conditions were generated using NOAA's WaveWatch III model.

3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
   U.S. Geological Survey

   Attn: Hilary Stockdon

   600 4th Street South

   Saint Petersburg, FL
   

   UNITED STATES

   727-502-8074 (voice)

   727-502-8182 (FAX)

   hstockdon@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

To provide data on the probability of storm-induced coastal erosion hazards for the Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey and New York coast post January 2016 Extratropical Storm.

How was the data set created?

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?

   ESTOFS (source 1 of 6)

   National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 20160122, Extratropical Surge and Tide Operational Forecast System.

   Online Links:

   • https://www.opc.ncep.noaa.gov/estofs/estofs_surge_info.shtml

   Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
   Source_Contribution: Data provides anticipated water levels during the next 4 days.
   

   WW3 (source 2 of 6)

   NOAA National Weather Service Environmental Modeling Center, 20160122, NOAA Wavewatch III.

   Online Links:

   • https://polar.ncep.noaa.gov/waves

   Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
   Source_Contribution:

   Model that was used to estimate wave setup and runup conditions for Extratropical Storm Jan2016.

   USACE East LI, NY (source 3 of 6)

   U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), 20150123, 2012 USACE Post Hurricane Sandy Topographic LiDAR: Eastern Long Island, New York.

   Online Links:

   • https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/index.html?action=advsearch&qType=in&qFld=ID&qVal=1436

   Other_Citation_Details: Geographic Coverage: NY (West Hampton Dunes to Montauk)
   

   Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
   Source_Contribution:

   A lidar survey that was used to estimate dune morphology variables.

   DS 765 (source 4 of 6)

   USGS, 20141114, 2012 U.S. Geological Survey Topographic Lidar: Northeast Atlantic Coast Post-Hurricane Sandy: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 765.

   Online Links:

   • https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/index.html?action=advsearch&qType=in&qFld=ID&qVal=2488
   • https://doi.org/10.3133/ds765

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Geographic Coverage: NC (Atlantic Beach to NC/VA border), VA, MD, DE, NY (Robert Moses State Park to West Hampton Dunes)

   Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
   Source_Contribution:

   A lidar survey that was used to estimate dune morphology variables.

   USACE West LI, NY (source 5 of 6)

   USACE, 20150123, 2012 USACE Topobathy Lidar: Post Sandy (NJ & NY).

   Online Links:

   • https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/index.html?action=advsearch&qType=in&qFld=ID&qVal=2478

   Other_Citation_Details: Geographic Coverage: NY (Coney Island to Oak Island)
   

   Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
   Source_Contribution:

   A lidar survey that was used to estimate dune morphology variables.

   DS 767 (source 6 of 6)

   USGS, 20150123, 2012 USGS EAARL-B Coastal Topography: Post-Sandy, First Surface (NJ): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 767.

   Online Links:

   • https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/index.html?action=advsearch&qType=in&qFld=ID&qVal=3657
   • https://doi.org/10.3133/ds767

   Other_Citation_Details: Geographic Coverage: NJ
   

   Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
   Source_Contribution:

   A lidar survey that was used to estimate dune morphology variables.

2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: 2016 (process 1 of 4)

   Process_Description: For dune morphology data: Elevation data from lidar surveys were interpolated in MATLAB (version 2017a) to a gridded domain that was rotated parallel to the shoreline and had a resolution of 10 m in the longshore direction and 2.5 m in the cross-shore direction. The interpolation method applied spatial filtering with a Hanning window that was twice as wide as the grid resolution. Dune morphology data were extracted from the elevation grid in MATLAB. Dune morphology data were then summarized to 1 km sections. Sections with greater than 75 percent of data missing were flagged with the invalid number of -999. The 1-km smoothed dune crest (DHIGH), toe (DLOW) and root mean square (RMS) error for each (DHIrms and DLOrms) were written to line shapefiles using MATLAB's shapewrite.m script. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   U.S. Geological Survey

   Attn: Justin J. Birchler

   600 4th Street South

   Saint Petersburg, FL
   

   UNITED STATES

   727-502-8019 (voice)

   727-502-8182 (FAX)

   jbirchler@usgs.gov

   Data sources used in this process:

   • USACE East LI, NY
   • DS 765
   • USACE West LI, NY
   • DS 767

   Data sources produced in this process:

   • Dune morphology (DHIGH, DLOW, DHIrms, DLOrms)

   Date: 22-Jan-2016 (process 2 of 4)

   For hydrodynamic data: Water level was computed in MATLAB by adding storm surge from NOAA’s Probabilistic Tropical Storm Surge (P- Surge) model (https://slosh.nws.noaa.gov/psurge2.0/) to wave setup and runup. The wave height and period used for calculating wave runup and setup came from the Wavewatch III model. Hydrodynamic parameters were calculated in MATLAB and exported into ArcGIS shapefile format. For details on modeling parameterization, see: Stockdon, H.F., Doran, K.J., Thompson, D.M., Sopkin, K.L., Plant, N.G., and Sallenger, A.H., 2012, National assessment of hurricane-induced coastal erosion hazards: Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1084, 51 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121084 Person who carried out this activity:
   

   U.S. Geological Survey

   Attn: Justin J. Birchler

   600 4th Street South

   Saint Petersburg, FL
   

   UNITED STATES

   727-502-8019 (voice)

   727-502-8182 (FAX)

   jbirchler@usgs.gov

   Data sources used in this process:

   • ESTOFS
   • WW3

   Data sources produced in this process:

   • Hydrodynamics (SURGE, SETUP, RUNUP)

   Date: 22-Jan-2016 (process 3 of 4)

   Probabilities of coastal erosion hazards were based on estimating the likelihood that the beach system would experience erosion and deposition patterns consistent with collision (PCOL), overwash (POVW), or inundation (PIND) regimes. The regimes were calculated by using values of dune morphology and mean and extreme water levels for each 1 km section, such that the probability of collision (PCOL) occurs when extreme water levels reach the dune toe; overwash (POVW) when extreme water levels reach the dune crest; and inundation (PIND) when mean water levels reach the dune crest. Probabilities were calculated in MATLAB and exported using MATLAB's shapewrite.m script. For details on modeling parameterization, see: Stockdon, H.F., Doran, K.J., Thompson, D.M., Sopkin, K.L., Plant, N.G., and Sallenger, A.H., 2012, National assessment of hurricane-induced coastal erosion hazards: Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1084, 51 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121084 Person who carried out this activity:
   

   U.S. Geological Survey

   Attn: Justin J. Birchler

   600 4th Street South

   Saint Petersburg, FL
   

   UNITED STATES

   727-502-8019 (voice)

   727-502-8182 (FAX)

   jbirchler@usgs.gov

   Data sources used in this process:

   • Dune morphology
   • Hydrodynamics

   Data sources produced in this process:

   • Probabilities (PCOL, POVW, PIND)

   Date: 13-Oct-2020 (process 4 of 4)

   Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   U.S. Geological Survey

   Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross

   Marine Geologist

   384 Woods Hole Road

   Woods Hole, MA
   

   508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)

   508-457-2310 (FAX)

   vatnipp@usgs.gov

3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

1. How well have the observations been checked?
   
2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
   Horizontal accuracy was not estimated.
3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
   Vertical accuracy for hydrodynamic measurements (surge, setup, and runup) is dependent on input data. SLOSH model accuracy is estimated to be +/- 20 percent of the calculated value. No other accuracy checks were performed. Vertical accuracy for dune morphology (dune crest and toe elevation) data is dependent on the positional accuracy of the lidar data. Estimated accuracy of lidar surveys are +/- 15 centimeters. However, vertical accuracies may vary based on the type of terrain (for example, inaccuracies may increase as slope increases or with the presence of extremely dense vegetation), the accuracy of the global positioning system (GPS), and aircraft-attitude measurements.
4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
   This dataset includes dune morphology and hurricane hydrodynamic data used to generate probabilities of hurricane-induced erosion, elevation data from lidar surveys are not included. Measurements were collected approximately every 10 meters (m) and summarized to 1-kilometer (km) segments.
5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
   No additional checks for consistency were performed on this data.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:

Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originators of the data in future products or derivative research.

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
   
   U.S. Geological Survey

   Attn: Justin J. Birchler

   600 4th Street South

   Saint Petersburg, FL
   

   727-502-8019 (voice)

   727-8032030 (FAX)

   jbirchler@usgs.gov
2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

   Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

4. How can I download or order the data?
   • Availability in digital form:

     Data format:	shapefile
     Network links:	https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P9Z362BC/data/January_2016.zip

   • Cost to order the data: None, if obtained online.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:

Last modified: 13-Oct-2020

Metadata author:

U.S. Geological Survey

Attn: Justin J. Birchler

600 4th Street South

Saint Petersburg, FL

UNITED STATES

727-502-8019 (voice)

727-502-8182 (FAX)

jbirchler@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:

Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)