Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 20171226 Title: Coastal Topography-Upper Florida Keys Reef Tract, Florida, 26-30 June 2016 Edition: first Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: binary point cloud Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/F7QZ28XZ Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7QZ28XZ Description: Abstract: Binary point-cloud data were produced for a portion of the upper Florida Keys reef tract, Florida, from remotely sensed, geographically referenced elevation measurements collected by Leading Edge Geomatics (LEG) using a Leica Chiroptera II Bathymetric and Topographic Sensor. Dewberry reports that the nominal pulse spacing for this project was 1 point every 0.7 meters. Dewberry used proprietary procedures to classify the LAS according to project specifications: 0-Never Classified, 1-Unclassified, 2-Ground (includes model key point bit for points identified as Model Key Point), 7-Low Noise, 17-Bridges, 18-High Noise, 40-Bathymetric point or submerged topography (includes model key point bit for points identified as Model Key Point), 41-Water Surface, and 42-Derived water surface. Lidar_Information: Lidar_Collection_Information: Lidar_Specification: USGS-NGP Lidar Base Specification V1.2 Lidar_Sensor: Leica Chiroptera II Lidar_Maximum_Returns: 7 Lidar_Nominal_Pulse_Spacing: 0.87 Lidar_Nominal_Pulse_Density: 1.34 Lidar_Aggregate_Nominal_Pulse_Spacing: 0.35 Lidar_Aggregate_Nominal_Pulse_Density: 8.16 Lidar_Flight_Height: 400 Lidar_Flight_Speed: 120 Lidar_Scan_Angle: 40 Lidar_Scan_Frequency: 39.3/78.6 Lidar_Pulse_Rate: 35/140 Lidar_Pulse_Duration: 0.5/5 Lidar_Pulse_Width: Unknown Lidar_Central_Wavelength: 1030 and 515/1064 Lidar_Multiple_Pulses_In_Air: 0 Lidar_Beam_Divergence: 4.5/0.5 Lidar_Swath_Width: 291 Lidar_Swath_Overlap: 50 Lidar_Geoid: National Geodetic Survey (NGS) Geoid12B Lidar_Accuracy_Information: Lidar_Calculated_Horizontal_Accuracy: 0.196 Lidar_Raw_Nonvegetated_Vertical_Accuracy: -9999 Lidar_Raw_Nonvegetated_Vertical_Accuracy_Checkpoints: -9999 Lidar_Classified_Nonvegetated_Vertical_Accuracy: -9999 Lidar_Classified_Nonvegetated_Vertical_Accuracy_Checkpoints: -9999 Lidar_Classified_Vegetated_Vertical_Accuracy: -9999 Lidar_Classified_Vegetated_Vertical_Accuracy_Checkpoints: -9999 Lidar_LAS_Information: Lidar_LAS_Version: 1.4 Lidar_LAS_Point_Record_Format: 6 Lidar_LAS_Witheld_Point_Identifier: Withheld points were identified in these files using the standard LAS Withheld bit Lidar_LAS_Overage_Point_Identifier: Swath overage points were identified in these files using the standard LAS overlap bit Lidar_LAS_Radiometric_Resolution: 16 Lidar_LAS_Classification: Lidar_LAS_Class_Code: 1 Lidar_LAS_Class_Description: Processed, but unclassified Lidar_LAS_Classification: Lidar_LAS_Class_Code: 2 Lidar_LAS_Class_Description: Bare earth, ground(includes model key point bit for points identified as Model Key Point) Lidar_LAS_Classification: Lidar_LAS_Class_Code: 7 Lidar_LAS_Class_Description: Low noise Lidar_LAS_Classification: Lidar_LAS_Class_Code: 17 Lidar_LAS_Class_Description: Bridge decks Lidar_LAS_Classification: Lidar_LAS_Class_Code: 18 Lidar_LAS_Class_Description: High noise Lidar_LAS_Classification: Lidar_LAS_Class_Code: 40 Lidar_LAS_Class_Description: Bathymetric point (includes model key point bit for points identified as Model Key Point) Lidar_LAS_Classification: Lidar_LAS_Class_Code: 41 Lidar_LAS_Class_Description: Water surface Lidar_LAS_Classification: Lidar_LAS_Class_Code: 42 Lidar_LAS_Class_Description: Derived Water surface Purpose: The purpose of this project was to produce a highly detailed and accurate digital elevation map for a portion of the upper Florida Keys reef tract, Florida, for use as a management tool and to make these data available to natural-resource managers and research scientists. To ensure that SPCMSC data management protocols were followed, this survey was assigned a USGS field activity number (FAN), 16CNT02. Additional survey and data details are available at https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=16CNT02. USGS Contract: G16PC00020 Task Order Number: G16D00701 Supplemental_Information: Processed data products are used by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP)'s National Assessment of Coastal Change Hazards project to quantify the vulnerability of shorelines to coastal change hazards such as severe storms, sea-level rise, and shoreline erosion and retreat. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20160626 Ending_Date: 20160630 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.47014103 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.09938985 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 25.48715705 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.99922947 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:0a8bad7c-9866-4c22-8a80-fec4e3065e7b Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: geomorphology Theme_Keyword: remote sensing Theme_Keyword: lidar Theme_Keyword: topography Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Leica Chiroptera II Theme_Keyword: laser altimetry Theme_Keyword: Piper Navajo Theme_Keyword: shoreline Theme_Keyword: submerged topography Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Science Directory Theme_Keyword: LAND SURFACE > TOPOGRAPHY > TERRAIN ELEVATION Theme_Keyword: OCEAN > COASTAL PROCESSES > BARRIER ISLANDS Theme_Keyword: OCEAN > COASTAL PROCESSES > BEACHES Theme_Keyword: OCEAN > COASTAL PROCESSES > SHORELINE DISPLACEMENT Theme_Keyword: DOI/USGS/CMG > COASTAL AND MARINE GEOLOGY, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD Instrument Theme_Keyword: lidar > LIGHT DETECTION AND RANGING Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System Place_Keyword: Florida Keys Place_Keyword: Florida Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: United States Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Stratum_Keyword: Bare Earth Stratum_Keyword: Submerged Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Temporal_Keyword: 2016 Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of these data in future products or derivative research. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Xan Fredericks Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL Contact_Position: Cartographer/Lidar Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 502-8086 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727 502-8182 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: afredericks@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:00-4:00 ET Data_Set_Credit: Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices for data source is expected. Sharing of new data layers developed directly from these data would also be appreciated by the U.S. Geological Survey staff. Users should be aware that comparisons with other datasets for the same area from other periods may be inaccurate because of inconsistencies resulting from changes in photointerpretation, mapping conventions, and digital processes over time. These data are not legal documents and are not to be used as such. Security_Information: Security_Classification_System: Unclassified Security_Classification: Unclassified Security_Handling_Description: None Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 7 Enterprise Service Pack 1; Esri ArcCatalog 10.2.2.3552 Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: Dewberry reports that data cover the project boundary. Completeness_Report: Dewberry reports that data covers the project boundary to the fullest extent possible depending on water clarity, environmental conditions, and sensor signal returns. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Dewberry reports that only checkpoints photo-identifiable in the intensity imagery can be used to test the horizontal accuracy of the lidar. Photo-identifiable checkpoints in intensity imagery typically include checkpoints located at the ends of paint stripes on concrete or asphalt surfaces or checkpoints located at 90 degree corners of different reflectivity, for example, a sidewalk corner adjoining a grass surface. The XY coordinates of checkpoints, as defined in the intensity imagery, are compared to surveyed XY coordinates for each photo-identifiable checkpoint. These differences are used to compute the tested horizontal accuracy of the lidar. As not all projects contain photo-identifiable checkpoints, the horizontal accuracy of the lidar cannot always be tested. Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 1 m Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: Dewberry reports that this data set was produced to meet American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) Positional Accuracy Standards for Digital Geospatial Data (2014) for a 41 cm RMSEx/RMSEy Horizontal Accuracy Class, which equates to Positional Horizontal Accuracy = +/- 1 meter at a 95% confidence level. Lidar vendors calibrate their lidar systems during installation of the system and then again for every project acquired. Typical calibrations include cross flights that capture features from multiple directions, thus allowing adjustments to be performed so that the captured features are consistent between all swaths and cross flights from all directions. The horizontal accuracy of this lidar dataset was not tested. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Dewberry reports that the vertical accuracy of this lidar dataset was tested against sonar data. The result of the test was an 8-cm bias in the lidar data between the sonar and lidar. No adjustments to the data or derivative products were made based on these results. Independent assessment resulted in a 12-cm bias. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Dewberry reports that the data for the Florida Keys Reef Tract project was acquired by Leading Edge Geomatics using a Leica Chiroptera II Bathymetric and Topographic lidar sensor. LEG delivered raw calibrated lidar data to Dewberry referenced to: Florida Keys: Horizontal Datum-NAD83 (2011) Projection-UTM Zone 17 North Horizontal Units-meters Vertical Datum-NAD83 (2011) ellipsoid Vertical Units-meters This dataset encompasses 184 1500 m x 1500 m tiles. Both green lidar data and Near Infrared (NIR) lidar data were acquired. Leading Edge Geomatics acquired, calibrated and performed the refraction correction to the lidar data. Light travels at different speeds in air versus water and its direction of travel or angle is changed or refracted when entering the water column. The refraction correction process corrects for this difference by adjusting the depth (distance traveled) and horizontal position (change of angle/direction) of the lidar data acquired within water. The calibration process considered all errors inherent with the equipment including errors in global positioning system (GPS), inertial measurement unit (IMU), and sensor specific parameters. Adjustments were made to achieve a flight line to flight line data match (relative calibration) and subsequently adjusted to control for absolute accuracy. Process steps to achieve this are as follows: Rigorous lidar calibration: all sources of error such as the sensor's ranging and torsion parameters, atmospheric variables, GPS conditions, and IMU offsets were analyzed and removed to the highest level possible. This method addresses all errors, both vertical and horizontal in nature. Ranging, atmospheric variables, and GPS conditions affect the vertical position of the surface, whereas IMU offsets and torsion parameters affect the data horizontally. The horizontal accuracy is proven through repeatability: when the position of features remains constant no matter what direction the plane was flying and no matter where the feature is positioned within the swath, relative horizontal accuracy is achieved. Absolute horizontal accuracy is achieved through the use of differential GPS with base lines shorter than 25 miles. The base station is set at a temporary monument that is 'tied-in' to the Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) network. The same position is used for every lift, ensuring that any errors in its position will affect all data equally and can therefore be removed equally. Vertical accuracy is achieved through the adjustment to ground control survey points within the finished product. Although the base station has absolute vertical accuracy, adjustments to sensor parameters introduces vertical error that must be normalized in the final (mean) adjustment. The vertical accuracy of this lidar dataset was tested against sonar data. The result of the test was an 8-cm bias in the lidar data between the sonar and lidar. No adjustments to the data or derivative products were made based on these results. The withheld and overlap bits are set and all headers, appropriate point data records, and variable length records, including spatial reference information, are updated in GeoCue software and then verified using proprietary Dewberry tools. Process_Date: 201606 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Dewberry Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 1000 N. Ashley Drive, Suite 801 City: Tampa State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33602 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 813-225-1325 Hours_of_Service: Monday through Friday 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM (Eastern Standard Time) Process_Step: Process_Description: Dewberry reports that they utilize a variety of software suites for inventory management, classification, and data processing. All lidar related processes begin by importing the data into the GeoCue task management software. The swath data is tiled according to project specifications (1500 m x 1500 m). The tiled data is then opened in Terrascan where Dewberry classifies problematic edge of flight line points that are geometrically unusable with the withheld bit. These points are separated from the main point cloud so they are not used in the ground algorithms; overage points are then identified with the overlap bit. Dewberry used ArcGIS to create 2-D breaklines. These breaklines defined land/water interfaces and were used in conjunction with the ground algorithms to define topographic (class 2) and bathymetric bottom (40). Dewberry then uses proprietary ground classification routines to remove any non-ground points and generate an accurate ground/bathymetric surface. As part of the ground routine, low noise points are classified to class 7 and high noise points are classified to class 18. Water surface points are classified to class 41 and class 42 Derived Water Surface is set and flagged synthetic. Once the ground routine has been completed, bridge decks are classified to class 17 using bridge breaklines compiled by Dewberry. A manual quality control (QC) routine is then performed using hillshades, cross-sections, and profiles within the Terrasolid software suite. After this QC step, a peer review is performed on all tiles and a supervisor's manual inspection is completed on a percentage of the classified tiles based on the project size and variability of the terrain. A final QC is performed on the data. All headers, appropriate point data records, and variable length records, including spatial reference information, are updated in GeoCue software and then verified using proprietary Dewberry tools. The data were classified as follows: Class 1 = Unclassified. This class includes vegetation, buildings, noise etc. Class 2 = Ground (includes model key point bit for points identified as Model Key Point) Class 7 = Low Noise Class 17 = Bridge Decks Class 18 = High Noise Class 40 = Bathymetric Point (includes model key point bit for points identified as Model Key Point) Class 41 = Water Surface Class 42 = Derived Water Surface The LAS header information was verified to contain the following: Class (Integer) Adjusted GPS Time (0.0001 seconds) Easting (0.003 m) Northing (0.003 m) Elevation (0.003 m) Echo Number (Integer) Echo (Integer) Intensity (16-bit integer) Flight Line (Integer) Scan Angle (degree) Dewberry used GeoCue software to convert the lidar to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) (2011) orthometric GEOID 12B. This dataset was used to create the other orthometric deliverables. Spatial reference information is updated in GeoCue software and then verified using proprietary Dewberry tools. Process_Date: 201609 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Dewberry Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 1000 N. Ashley Drive, Suite 801 City: Tampa State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33602 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 813-225-1325 Hours_of_Service: Monday through Friday 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM (Eastern Standard Time) Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20201013 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 17 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -81.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.01 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.01 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 (2011) Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.25722210100002 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (GEOID12B) Altitude_Resolution: 0.01 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Xan Fredericks Contact_Position: Cartographer/Lidar Coordinator, U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 502-8086 Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:00-4:00 ET Resource_Description: KEYS2016_SM_z17_n88g12B_classified.laz Distribution_Liability: Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Compressed LAS (LAZ) Format_Version_Number: 1.4 Format_Specification: Compressed LAS (LAZ) Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7QZ28XZ/data/KEYS2016_SM_z17_n88g12B_classified.zip Fees: None Custom_Order_Process: Contact U.S. Geological Survey for details. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20201013 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Xan Fredericks Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL Contact_Position: Cartographer/Lidar Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 502-8086 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: afredericks@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:00-4:00 ET Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time