Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: Laura_2020082500_Adv21_PCOI_line.shp
Entity_Type_Definition:
Shapefile of the probabilities of hurricane-induced coastal erosion, dune morphology, and hurricane hydrodynamic data for Hurricane Laura for NHC Advisory 21, August 25, 2020, 0000 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FID
Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape
Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features; Polyline.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: DHIGH
Attribute_Definition:
Elevation of dune crest, in meters, using the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). Extracted from lidar surveys collected from September 2012 to October 2020.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.5761
Range_Domain_Maximum: 8.5401
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters NAVD88
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: DLOW
Attribute_Definition:
Elevation of the dune toe, in meters NAVD88. Extracted from lidar surveys collected from September 2012 to October 2020.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.64449
Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.1361
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters NAVD88
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: DHIrms
Attribute_Definition: Root mean square error of dune crest elevation measurements.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.012114
Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.1381
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: DLOrms
Attribute_Definition: Root mean square error of dune toe elevation measurements.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.018318
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.970301
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: RUNUP
Attribute_Definition: Wave runup water level.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.79963
Range_Domain_Maximum: 5.7296
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters NAVD88
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SETUP
Attribute_Definition: Wave setup water level.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.024147
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.3195
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters NAVD88
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SURGEe10
Attribute_Definition:
Storm surge water level for probabilistic storm surge 10% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: NOAA
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.366
Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.5116
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters NAVD88
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NOAA
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: PCOLe10
Attribute_Definition:
Probability of collision for probabilistic storm surge 10% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 6.110993
Range_Domain_Maximum: 100
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: POVWe10
Attribute_Definition:
Probability of overwash for probabilistic storm surge 10% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.000347
Range_Domain_Maximum: 100
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: PINDe10
Attribute_Definition:
Probability of inundation for probabilistic storm surge 10% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 100
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: MEANe10
Attribute_Definition:
Mean water level (surge + setup) for probabilistic storm surge 10% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.53042
Range_Domain_Maximum: 5.7565
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters NAVD88
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: EXTREMEe10
Attribute_Definition:
Extreme water level (surge + runup) for probabilistic storm surge 10% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.3174
Range_Domain_Maximum: 9.1666
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters NAVD88
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SURGEe20
Attribute_Definition:
Storm surge water level for probabilistic storm surge 20% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: NOAA
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.366
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.8761
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters NAVD88
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NOAA
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: PCOLe20
Attribute_Definition:
Probability of collision for probabilistic storm surge 20% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 6.111012
Range_Domain_Maximum: 100
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: POVWe20
Attribute_Definition:
Probability of overwash for probabilistic storm surge 20% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.000277
Range_Domain_Maximum: 100
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: PINDe20
Attribute_Definition:
Probability of inundation for probabilistic storm surge 20% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 100
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: MEANe20
Attribute_Definition:
Mean water level (surge + setup) for probabilistic storm surge 20% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.53042
Range_Domain_Maximum: 5.122
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters NAVD88
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: EXTREMEe20
Attribute_Definition:
Extreme water level (surge + runup) for probabilistic storm surge 20% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.3174
Range_Domain_Maximum: 8.5321
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters NAVD88
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SURGEe30
Attribute_Definition:
Storm surge water level for probabilistic storm surge 30% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: NOAA
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.366
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.3572
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters NAVD88
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NOAA
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: PCOLe30
Attribute_Definition:
Probability of collision for probabilistic storm surge 30% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 6.111022
Range_Domain_Maximum: 100
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: POVWe30
Attribute_Definition:
Probability of overwash for probabilistic storm surge 30% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.000201
Range_Domain_Maximum: 100
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: PINDe30
Attribute_Definition:
Probability of inundation for probabilistic storm surge 30% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 99.999996
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: MEANe30
Attribute_Definition:
Mean water level (surge + setup) for probabilistic storm surge 30% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.53042
Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.6554
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters NAVD88
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: EXTREMEe30
Attribute_Definition:
Extreme water level (surge + runup) for probabilistic storm surge 30% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.3174
Range_Domain_Maximum: 8.0655
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters NAVD88
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SURGEe40
Attribute_Definition:
Storm surge water level for probabilistic storm surge 40% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: NOAA
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.366
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.9519
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters NAVD88
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NOAA
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: PCOLe40
Attribute_Definition:
Probability of collision for probabilistic storm surge 40% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 6.111029
Range_Domain_Maximum: 100
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: POVWe40
Attribute_Definition:
Probability of overwash for probabilistic storm surge 40% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.000137
Range_Domain_Maximum: 100
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: PINDe40
Attribute_Definition:
Probability of inundation for probabilistic storm surge 40% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 99.99896
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: MEANe40
Attribute_Definition:
Mean water level (surge + setup) for probabilistic storm surge 40% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.53042
Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.1677
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters NAVD88
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: EXTREMEe40
Attribute_Definition:
Extreme water level (surge + runup) for probabilistic storm surge 40% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.3174
Range_Domain_Maximum: 7.5778
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters NAVD88
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SURGEe50
Attribute_Definition:
Storm surge water level for probabilistic storm surge 50% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: NOAA
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.366
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.6807
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters NAVD88
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NOAA
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: PCOLe50
Attribute_Definition:
Probability of collision for probabilistic storm surge 50% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 6.111034
Range_Domain_Maximum: 100
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: POVWe50
Attribute_Definition:
Probability of overwash for probabilistic storm surge 50% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 6.60e-05
Range_Domain_Maximum: 100
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: PINDe50
Attribute_Definition:
Probability of inundation for probabilistic storm surge 50% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 99.957044
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: MEANe50
Attribute_Definition:
Mean water level (surge + setup) for probabilistic storm surge 50% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.48757
Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.7247
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters NAVD88
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: EXTREMEe50
Attribute_Definition:
Extreme water level (surge + runup) for probabilistic storm surge 50% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.3174
Range_Domain_Maximum: 7.1348
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters NAVD88
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SURGEe90
Attribute_Definition:
Storm surge water level for probabilistic storm surge 90% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: NOAA
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.366
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.80221
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters NAVD88
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NOAA
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: PCOLe90
Attribute_Definition:
Probability of collision for probabilistic storm surge 90% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 6.111039
Range_Domain_Maximum: 99.999981
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: POVWe90
Attribute_Definition:
Probability of overwash for probabilistic storm surge 90% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 6.60e-05
Range_Domain_Maximum: 99.999843
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: PINDe90
Attribute_Definition:
Probability of inundation for probabilistic storm surge 90% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 90.271587
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: MEANe90
Attribute_Definition:
Mean water level (surge + setup) for probabilistic storm surge 90% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.48757
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.8075
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters NAVD88
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: EXTREMEe90
Attribute_Definition:
Extreme water level (surge + runup) for probabilistic storm surge 90% exceedance value.
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.3174
Range_Domain_Maximum: 6.2176
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters NAVD88
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -999
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS