Time Series of Aerial Imagery from Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems and Associated Ground Control Points: Madeira Beach, Florida, July 2017 to June 2018 (Aerial Imagery)

Frequently anticipated questions:

• What does this data set describe?
  1. How might this data set be cited?
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
• Who produced the data set?
  1. Who are the originators of the data set?
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
• Why was the data set created?
• How was the data set created?
  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
• How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?
  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the data, including topology?
• How can someone get a copy of the data set?
  1. Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
  2. Who distributes the data?
  3. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  4. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
  5. How can I download or order the data?
• Who wrote the metadata?

What does this data set describe?

1. How might this data set be cited?
   Brown, Jenna A., Kranenburg, Christine J., and Morgan, Karen L.M., 20200930, Time Series of Aerial Imagery from Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems and Associated Ground Control Points: Madeira Beach, Florida, July 2017 to June 2018 (Aerial Imagery): U.S. Geological Survey Data Release doi:10.5066/P91TH157, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, Florida.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.5066/P91TH157

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.79985545
   East_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.79358312
   North_Bounding_Coordinate: 27.79920689
   South_Bounding_Coordinate: 27.79405585
   

3. What does it look like?
4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Calendar_Date: 12-Jul-2017

   Currentness_Reference:

   ground condition

5. What is the general form of this data set?

   Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
   

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Raster data set. It contains the following raster data types:
      • Dimensions, type Pixel
   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is World Geodetic System 1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS84.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.
      
7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

   Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

   USGS scientists collected aerial imagery along Madeira Beach, Florida, between July 2017 and June 2018, to observe seasonal and storm-induced changes in beach topography. JPEG image files of low-altitude aerial imagery acquired during 12 UAS surveys are provided as compressed data download files (*_MadeiraBeachFL_UAS_Imagery.zip), in ZIP format.

   Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

   The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.

Who produced the data set?

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
   • Jenna A. Brown
   • Christine J. Kranenburg
   • Karen L.M. Morgan
2. Who also contributed to the data set?

   Data collection was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey.

3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
   Christine J. Kranenburg

   U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

   600 4th Street South

   St. Petersburg, FL
   

   USA

   727-502-8000 (voice)

   ckranenburg@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

These images were collected at Madeira Beach, Florida, from July 2017 to June 2018, with sufficient resolution and endlap/sidelap to produce SfM products in order to observe seasonal and storm-induced changes in beach topography.

How was the data set created?

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: 19-Jun-2018 (process 1 of 3)

   During the surveys, low-altitude (60 m AGL) digital aerial imagery was acquired over an approximately 700-m-long and 100-m-wide stretch of coastline. A 3DR Solo UAS quadcopter equipped with a 16.2 megapixel Ricoh GR II digital camera flew shore-parallel lines at approximately 8 meters per second (m/s), collecting true color imagery at a frequency of 1 Hertz (Hz), resulting in image footprints with 80% endlap/sidelap and 1.6 centimeter (cm) ground sample distance (GSD). Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Christine J. Kranenburg

   U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

   Cartographer

   600 4th Street South

   St. Petersburg, FL
   

   USA

   727-502-8000 (voice)

   ckranenburg@usgs.gov

   Date: 01-Jul-2018 (process 2 of 3)

   The data were collected in Digital Negative (DNG) format. Navigational data recorded by an internal GNSS receiver on-board the UAS were downloaded from the telemetry log of the UAS and approximate camera positions at the time of each image capture were interpolated and assigned to each photo. Photos were then converted from DNG to Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) format using IrfanView (version 4.53) and geospatial positions were added to the EXIF headers using Phil Harvey's ExifTool. Image file names represent capture date and time stamp using the following convention: yyyy_mmdd_hhmmss.jpg where yyyy_mmdd represents the year (yyyy), month (mm) and day (dd) of capture and hhmmss the time of capture as hours (hh), minutes (mm), and seconds(ss). If necessary, some JPEGs were altered to the minimum degree possible, in order to remove personally identifiable information (PII).
   To extract the information from the image headers using ExifTool, the following command can be used (tested with ExifTool version 11.88):
   exiftool -csv -f -filename -GPSDateStamp -GPSTimeStamp -GPSLongitude -GPSLatitude -n -Artist -Credit -comment -keywords -Caption -Copyright -CopyrightNotice -Caption-Abstract -ImageDescription directoryname/*.jpg > out.csv
   The -csv flag writes the information out in a comma-delimited format. The -n option formats the latitude and longitude as signed decimal degrees. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Christine J. Kranenburg

   U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

   Cartographer

   600 4th Street South

   St. Petersburg, FL
   

   USA

   727-502-8000 (voice)

   ckranenburg@usgs.gov

   Date: 13-Oct-2020 (process 3 of 3)

   Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   U.S. Geological Survey

   Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross

   Marine Geologist

   384 Woods Hole Road

   Woods Hole, MA
   

   508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)

   508-457-2310 (FAX)

   vatnipp@usgs.gov

3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
   Brown, J.A., Kranenburg, C.J., and Morgan, K.L.M., 2020, Time Series of Structure-from-Motion Products – Orthomosaics, Digital Elevation Models, and Point Clouds: Madeira Beach, Florida, July 2017 to June 2018: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release doi:10.5066/P9L474WC.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.5066/P9L474WC

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

1. How well have the observations been checked?
   The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver used on the UAS has a stated horizontal accuracy of 2.5 meters (m) Circular Error Probable (CEP). However, the uncertainty of the location values stored in the Exchangeable Image File Format (EXIF) header of the images is dominated by error attributable to the geotagging process and uncertainty associated with the precision of the internal camera clock.
2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
   Horizontal positions recorded in the UAS flight logs and later applied to the EXIF header of the images were derived from a mRobotics GPS (u-Blox Neo-M8N / 3DR SOLO Upgrade), which receives signals from Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) satellites in WGS84 (G1150) EPSG:7660, but is otherwise uncorrected. Receiver horizontal locations are considered accurate to approximately 2.5 m CEP, but photo locations may be off by as much as 20 m due to uncertainty associated with internal clock precision and the geotagging process.
3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
   Vertical positions recorded in the UAS flight logs and later applied to the EXIF header of the images are heights above ground level (AGL) and were derived from a mRobotics GPS (u-Blox Neo-M8N/3DR SOLO Upgrade), which receives signals from GPS and GLONASS satellites, but is otherwise uncorrected. Vertical uncertainty in photo locations was calculated to be in the range of +/-5 m.
4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
   This dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the entire metadata record carefully for additional details.
5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
   All data fall within expected ranges.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints:

USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset and in products derived from these data.

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
   
   U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

   Attn: SPCMSC Data Management Group

   600 4th St South

   St. Petersburg, FL
   

   USA

   727-502-8000 (voice)

   gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov
2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Individual UAS images are available in JPEG format, contained within a single ZIP file per UAS survey. The data are available in DNG format upon request. The image files included in each .zip are named with the following convention: yyyy_mmdd_hhmmss.jpg where yyyy_mmdd represents the year (yyyy), month (mm) and day (dd) of capture and hhmmss the time of capture as hours (hh), minutes (mm), seconds(ss). Times are recorded in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The JPEG image files contain EXIF information, including GPS time and position data, and are included as an open-source format for preservation purposes.
3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

   This publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data were processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.

4. How can I download or order the data?
   • Availability in digital form:

     Data format:

     JPEG images can be opened directly with any JPEG-compatible image viewer. in format JPEG

     Network links:

     https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P91TH157/data/20170712_MadeiraBeachFL_UAS_Imagery.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P91TH157/data/20170816_MadeiraBeachFL_UAS_Imagery.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P91TH157/data/20170914_MadeiraBeachFL_UAS_Imagery.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P91TH157/data/20171011_MadeiraBeachFL_UAS_Imagery.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P91TH157/data/20171109_MadeiraBeachFL_UAS_Imagery.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P91TH157/data/20171211_MadeiraBeachFL_UAS_Imagery.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P91TH157/data/20180124_MadeiraBeachFL_UAS_Imagery.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P91TH157/data/20180222_MadeiraBeachFL_UAS_Imagery.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P91TH157/data/20180309_MadeiraBeachFL_UAS_Imagery.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P91TH157/data/20180411_MadeiraBeachFL_UAS_Imagery.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P91TH157/data/20180522_MadeiraBeachFL_UAS_Imagery.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P91TH157/data/20180619_MadeiraBeachFL_UAS_Imagery.zip

   • Cost to order the data: None.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:

Last modified: 13-Oct-2020

Metadata author:

Christine J. Kranenburg

U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

Cartographer

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg, FL

USA

727-502-8000 (voice)

ckranenburg@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:

Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)