Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kimberly K. Yates Originator: Zachery W. Fehr Publication_Date: 20220321 Title: Projected Seafloor Elevation Change and Relative Sea Level Rise Surrounding Maui, Hawaii 25, 50, 75, and 100 Years from 1999 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Tabular and vector digital data Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kimberly K. Yates Originator: Zachery W. Fehr Publication_Date: 20220321 Title: Projected Seafloor Elevation Change and Relative Sea Level Rise Surrounding Maui, Hawaii 25, 50, 75, and 100 Years from 1999 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey data release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P9DIYQV4 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, Florida Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DIYQV4 Description: Abstract: The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center conducted research to quantify bathymetric changes surrounding Maui, Hawaii. Changes in seafloor elevation were calculated using historical bathymetric point data from the 1960s (see Yates and others, 2017a) and light detection and ranging (lidar)-derived data acquired in 1999 (NOAA, 2013) using methods outlined in Yate and others (2017b). An elevation change analysis between the 1960s and 1999 data was performed to quantify and map historical impacts to seafloor elevation and to determine elevation-change statistics for 12 habitat types found surrounding Maui. Annual elevation-change rates were calculated for each elevation-change data point. Seafloor elevation-change surrounding Maui was projected 25, 50, 75 and 100 years from 1999 using these historical annual rates of elevation change. Water depth was projected 25, 50, 75 and 100 years from 1999 using historical rates of annual elevation change plus 1999 local sea level rise (SLR) data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Purpose: These data were used to generate projected elevation-change and water depth values surrounding Maui, Hawaii for twelve habitat types located within the study area. Supplemental_Information: The 1999 lidar dataset was collected by the U.S. Army Core of Engineers (USACE) Scanning Hydrographic Operational Airborne Lidar Survey (SHOALS) system, which consists of an airborne laser transmitter/receiver capable of measuring 400 soundings per second. The system operates from a deHavilland DHC-6 Twin Otter aircraft flying at altitudes between 200 and 400 meters (m) with a ground speed of about 100 knots. The SHOALS airborne system acquires a tremendous volume of raw data during a single mission. The lidar data are unique and require a specialized Data Processing System (DPS) for post-processing. For more information, see the NOAA metadata file available at, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/49739. Relative sea level trend data were retrieved from the NOAA Tides and Currents portal via Station 1615680 at Kahului, Hawaii (NOAA, 2020). Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1961 Ending_Date: 2099 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -156.729192 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -155.953513 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 21.047835 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 20.557650 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:1b0032f3-e24f-423e-bf98-5f478d9ab6fd Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: marine geology Theme_Keyword: sea-floor characteristics Theme_Keyword: sea-level change Theme_Keyword: reef ecosystems Theme_Keyword: coelenterates Theme_Keyword: lidar Theme_Keyword: digital elevation models Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: seafloor elevation Theme_Keyword: sea level rise Theme_Keyword: seafloor accretion Theme_Keyword: seafloor erosion Theme_Keyword: elevation change Theme_Keyword: altimetry Theme_Keyword: submerged topography Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > BATHYMETRY/SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY > WATER DEPTH Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > COASTAL PROCESSES > COASTAL ELEVATION Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > COASTAL PROCESSES > CORAL REEFS Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > COASTAL PROCESSES > EROSION Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > COASTAL PROCESSES > SEA LEVEL RISE Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD Providers Theme_Keyword: GOVERNMENT AGENCIES-U.S. FEDERAL AGENCIES > DOI > USGS > DOI/USGS/CMG > COASTAL AND MARINE GEOLOGY, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD Instrument Theme_Keyword: EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS > ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING > PROFILERS/SOUNDERS > LIDAR/LASER SOUNDERS > LIDAR > LIGHT DETECTION AND RANGING Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System Place_Keyword: Maui Place_Keyword: Hawaiian Islands Place_Keyword: Pacific Ocean Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Stratum_Keyword: submerged Stratum_Keyword: seafloor Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Temporal_Keyword: 1961-2099 Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of these data in future products or derivative research. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Kimberly K. Yates Contact_Organization: Southeast Region: ST. PETE COASTAL & MARINE SC Contact_Position: Research Oceanographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4Th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8059 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kyates@usgs.gov Native_Data_Set_Environment: Data were created, edited and/or processed using ArcMap 10.7 and Microsoft Excel 2016. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Yates, Kimberly K. Originator: Zawada, David G. Originator: Smiley, Nathan A. Originator: Tiling-Range, Ginger Originator: Resnick, Jessica P. Publication_Date: 20170308 Title: Seafloor elevation change in Maui, St. Croix, St. Thomas, and the Florida Keys Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey data release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/F7WQ01W0 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, Florida Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Other_Citation_Details: 2017a Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7WQ01W0 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Yates, Kimberly K. Originator: Zawada, David G. Originator: Smiley, Nathan A. Originator: Tiling-Range, Ginger Publication_Date: 20170420 Title: Divergence of seafloor elevation and sea level rise in coral reef ecosystems Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Munich, Germany Publisher: Biogeosciences Other_Citation_Details: 2017b Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1739-2017 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Publication_Date: 20130301 Title: 1999 USACE bathymetric LiDAR: Hawaiian Islands Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, South Carolina Publisher: NOAA Online_Linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/49739 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Publication_Date: 20131130 Title: EM-1110-2-1003 hydrographic surveying Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Washington, District of Columbia Publisher: Department of the Army Online_Linkage: https://www.publications.usace.army.mil/USACE-Publications/Engineer-Manuals/u43544q/487964726F67726170686963/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Zieg, Jonathan A. Originator: Zawada, David G. Publication_Date: 20210211 Title: Seafloor elevation change analysis tool Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, Florida Publisher: U. S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9D5UUZ0 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Tides & Currents Publication_Date: 20200801 Title: Kahului, Kahului Harbor, Hawaii - station ID: 1615680 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Washington, District of Columbia Publisher: NOAA Online_Linkage: https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/stationhome.html?id=1615680 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) Publication_Date: 20070705 Title: Benthic Habitat Shapefiles Data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Silver Spring, Maryland Publisher: NOAA Online_Linkage: https://products.coastalscience.noaa.gov/collections/benthic/e97hawaii/data2007.aspx Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Digital elevation maps were visually inspected by cross-checking them with other contemporary, overlapping datasets such as satellite and airborne imagery and/or other digital elevation maps in Esri ArcGIS for identification of anomalous elevations or data inconsistencies. Logical_Consistency_Report: Data cover the area specified for this project, without any known issues. Completeness_Report: This dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract section. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record and Yates and others (2017b) for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The horizontal accuracy of the data is better than plus or minus 3.0 meters (1 standard deviation). SHOALS has demonstrated capabilities that meet USACE Hydrographic Survey accuracy requirements for Class 1 surveys and the International Hydrographic Organization nautical charting standards for Order 1. For more information, see USACE (2013). Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The vertical accuracy is better than plus or minus 0.15 centimeters (cm), collected to meet value (meters) at 1 standard deviation. SHOALS has demonstrated capabilities that meet US Army Corps of Engineers Hydrographic Survey accuracy requirements for Class 1 surveys and the International Hydrographic Organization nautical charting standards for Order 1. For more information, see USACE (2013). Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 1: Seafloor elevation and volume change analyses were performed using methods described in Yates and others (2017b). Historical elevation change data were downloaded from the Yates and others (2017a) data release. The Maui_ElevationChange.csv file was downloaded from the data release and imported into ArcMap 10.7 to create a point shapefile named Maui_SeafloorElevationChangePoints.shp. Original column headers in the .csv data were too long for shapefile attribute names, so attributes were either renamed or deleted if not required. The historical sounding elevation data corrected for SLR, 1999 lidar elevation data, longitude, latitude, and hydrographic sheet information attributes were renamed to HistE_SLRc, 1999_elev, POINT_X, POINT_Y, and Survey, respectively. A new attribute was added to this shapefile and named 'Rate' and values were populated in the field by using the Field Calculator and the following expression: Rate = [Diff_m]/(1999-[Year]), where [Diff_m] is the elevation difference between the historical hydrographic data and modern lidar data and [Year] is the attribute value containing the hydrographic survey collection year. Process_Date: 2020 Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 2: The habitat shapefile used in this analysis was downloaded from NOAA NCCOS Data Collection site (NOAA, 2007). The original shapefile, Maui.shp, was renamed to Maui_Habitat.shp. The habitat type attribute used in this analysis was the [D_STRUCT] attribute, which had the most similar definitions to other US coral reef habitat maps. Further information on the attributes and their definitions can be found in the DataDictionary_HabitatTypes_Maui.pdf file in the Maui_HabitatShapefile.zip download file. Process_Date: 2020 Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 3: Additional fields were added to the attribute table to represent projected elevations (N_e) based on elevation change rates, projected elevation change (N_e_diff) based on N_e elevations, projected water depth (N_WDepth) after accounting for relative sea level rise (RSLR) and projected elevation change, and relative sea level rise (N_RSLR) based on NOAA SLR rates and projected elevation change rates, where N represents the number of years projected from the collection date of the most recent bathymetry used in the analysis: 25_e, 50_e, 75_e, 100_e, 25_e_diff, 50_e_diff, 75_e_diff, 100_e_diff, 25_WDepth, 50_WDepth, 75_WDepth, 100_WDepth, 25_RSLR, 50_RSLR, 75_RSLR, and 100_RSLR. The Field Calculator was used to populate values for each of these attributes using the following equations: N_e = [1999_elev]+(N*[Rate]), N_e_diff = [N_e]-[1999_elev], N_WDepth = Abs([1999_elev]+(N*[Rate]))+(N*0.00202), and N_RSLR = (N*0.00202)–[N_e_diff]. The shapefile was then exported as Maui_ProjectedElevationChangePoints_25yr_50yr_75yr_and_100yr_from_1999.shp. Further information on the attributes and their definitions can be found in the DataDictionary_Shapefile_Maui.pdf file in the Maui_ProjectedElevationChangePoints_25yr_50yr_75yr_and_100yr_from_1999.zip download file. Process_Date: 2020 Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 4: A visual inspection of the projected elevation change data and comparison to existing aerial imagery was conducted and erroneous elevation change points were removed using methods of Yates et al., 2017b. Additional points were identified for visual inspection and potential removal using the select features tool and a demarcating Rate value of +/- 0.20 m per year in ArcMap 10.7. Any point that was subaerial at the 100-year water depth projection (100_WDepth) was also selected and removed. These points were assumed to be due to substantial sediment transport events such as landslides and slumps that occur on these dynamic shorelines. Satellite imagery and topographic maps from various time periods were used in determining likely landslide and slump activity at these points. Process_Date: 2020 Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 5: Elevation change statistics were determined for each habitat type using the XYZ points from the Maui_ProjectedElevationChangePoints_25yr_50yr_75yr_and_100yr_from_1999.shp shapefile. The "Select Layer by Location (Data Management)" tool was used to extract points within or on the boundary of a specific habitat type by using the following parameters: Input Feature Layer: Maui_ProjectedElevationChangePoints_25yr_50yr_75yr_and_100yr_from_1999.shp shapefile; Relationship: INTERSECT; Selecting Features: Maui_Habitat.shp shapefile; Search Distance: left blank; and Selection type: NEW_SELECTION. The Seafloor Elevation Change Analysis Tool (SECAT) was created to automate the process, since these steps had to be repeated for 12 habitat types under 5 different scenarios: one between historical hydrographic data and contemporary lidar data (diff_m), and one for each N_e_diff attribute. Elevation change statistics were compiled by habitat type into the following comma-separated values (CSV) files: Maui_Historical.csv, Maui_25e.csv, Maui_50e.csv, Maui_75e.csv, and Maui_100e.csv. Entries that do not have a large enough sample size to compute statistics display "N/A" in the associated cell. These statistics can be found in Maui_ProjectedSECAT.zip. For more information on SECAT and its capabilities see Zieg and Zawada (2021). Further information on the attributes and their definitions can be found in the DataDictionary_HabitatTypes_Maui.pdf and DataDictionary_ElevationChangeAnalysis_Maui.pdf files in the Maui_ProjectedSECAT.zip download file. Process_Date: 2020 Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 6: Maps were rendered for each projected change attribute calculated in Step 3. Maps appended in ‘N_e_diff' depict projected elevation change at each point N years into the future. Projected RSLR maps that consider projected elevation change analyses were developed using separate symbology palettes and were appended ‘N_RSLR’. All maps are available within the Maui_ProjectionMaps.zip download file. Process_Date: 2020 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 4 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -159.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0 False_Easting: 500000.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.6096 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.6096 Planar_Distance_Units: METERS Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 National Spatial Reference System (2007) Ellipsoid_Name: GRS_1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: Mean Lower Low Water Altitude_Resolution: 0.2 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The detailed attribute descriptions for the elevation change data, projected elevation change analysis, and habitat definitions are provided in the included data dictionaries (DataDictionary_Shapefile_Maui.pdf, DataDictionary_HabitatTypes_Maui.pdf, and DataDictionary_ElevationChangeAnalysis_Maui.pdf). These metadata are not complete without these files. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Kimberly K. Yates Contact_Organization: Southeast Region: ST. PETE COASTAL & MARINE SC Contact_Position: Research Oceanographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4Th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8059 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kyates@usgs.gov Distribution_Liability: Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: shapefile, comma-delimited text, Portable Document Format, JPEG Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P9DIYQV4/data/Maui_ProjectedElevationChangePoints_25yr_50yr_75yr_and_100yr_from_1999.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P9DIYQV4/data/Maui_HabitatShapefile.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P9DIYQV4/data/Maui_ProjectedSECAT.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P9DIYQV4/data/Maui_ProjectionMaps.zip Fees: None Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20220321 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Kimberly K. Yates Contact_Organization: Southeast Region: ST. PETE COASTAL & MARINE SC Contact_Position: Research Oceanographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8059 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kyates@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998