Time Series of Autonomous Carbonate System Parameter Measurements in Middle Tampa Bay, Florida, USA (version 4.0, June 2022)

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Time Series of Autonomous Carbonate System Parameter Measurements in Middle Tampa Bay, Florida, USA (version 4.0, June 2022)
Abstract:
This dataset contains carbonate system data collected by scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center to investigate the effects of carbon cycling, coastal and ocean acidification on the Tampa Bay estuary located in west central Florida, USA. These data were collected using an autonomous instrument called the Ocean Carbon System version 2 (OCSv2) deployed on the seafloor in Tampa Bay. The OCSv2 consists of four sensors integrated into a Sea-Bird Scientific (Satlantic) STOR-X submersible data logger including a Satlantic SeapHOx sensor for measurement of pH that incorporates a Sea-Bird SBE 37-SMP-ODO MicroCAT C-T-ODO (P) Recorder for measurement of conductivity (for calculation of salinity), temperature, depth, and dissolved oxygen; a Pro-Oceanus CO2-Pro CV carbon dioxide (CO2) sensor; and a Wetlabs Eco-PAR sensor for measurement of photosynthetically active radiation. The dataset is a time series of carbonate system parameters including: water temperature (Celsius, °C), pressure (decibar, dbar), salinity, pHT (pH on the total scale), carbon dioxide (parts per million, ppm), pressure from the CO2-Pro Infrared Gas Analyzer (IRGA) (millibars, mbar), dissolved oxygen (milligrams per liter, mg/L) and photosynthetically active radiation (microEinsteins). Each parameter was measured every hour for 24-hour time periods throughout the duration of deployment.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Yates, Kimberly K., Moore, Christopher S., and Lemon, Mitchell K., 20220607, Time Series of Autonomous Carbonate System Parameter Measurements in Middle Tampa Bay, Florida, USA (version 4.0, June 2022):.

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Yates, Kimberly K., Moore, Christopher S., and Lemon, Mitchell K., 20180419, Time Series of Autonomous Carbonate System Parameter Measurements in Middle Tampa Bay, Florida, USA: U.S. Geological Survey data release doi:10.5066/P9BAFC7L, U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.59470
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.59470
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 27.66168
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 27.66168
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 15-Dec-2017
    Ending_Date: 15-Oct-2021
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Entity point (27033)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.0197875032. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.0227945317. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_84.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Middle-Tampa-Bay-OCSv2-12152017-to-10152021.csv, Middle-Tampa-Bay-OCSv2-12152017-to-10152021.xlsx
    Time series data collected from Tampa Bay, FL, beginning in December 2017 and continuing through October 2021. Data are provided as comma separated values (CSV) and Microsoft Excel files(XLSX), that contain: coordinates, date, time, conductivity, water temperature, pressure at depth, salinity, pH, CO2, measurement chamber pressure for CO2, dissolved oxygen, photosynthetically active radiation and data quality flags for each parameter. Values of -99 indicate that the data value is missing. (Source: USGS)
    Site Description
    Description of the physical location where the measurements were collected. (Source: USGS)
    ValueDefinition
    Middle Tampa BayThe measurements were collected in Middle Tampa Bay, Florida (27.66168, -82.59470).
    Latitude
    Latitude coordinates measured in the World Geodetic System of 1984. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:27.66168
    Maximum:27.66168
    Units:Decimal degrees
    Longitude
    Longitude coordinates measured in the World Geodetic System of 1984. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-82.59470
    Maximum:-82.59470
    Units:Decimal degrees
    DATETAG
    A numeric identifier for the calendar date used by the USGS on the day of sample collection. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:12/15/17
    Maximum:10/15/21
    Units:Units correspond to calendar month, day and year in MM/DD/YY format.
    TIMETAG
    Timestamp showing the time of day each sample was collected. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0:30:00
    Maximum:23:30:00
    Units:Hours, minutes, seconds in the format HH:MM:SS
    T(W) (C)
    Water temperature measured in degrees Celsius. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:13.10
    Maximum:36.89
    Units:Celsius (C)
    QF_T(W)
    A numeric value that indicates the quality of reported temperature data. (Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-11/GTSPP%20Real-Time%20Quality%20Control%20Manual.pdf)
    ValueDefinition
    1, 4, 9Flag 1 = QC has been performed and element appears to be correct, Flag 2 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably good with other elements, Flag 3 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably bad, Flag 4 = QC has been performed and element appears to be bad, Flag 5 = the value has been modified as a result of QC, Flag 9 = The value of the element is missing.
    PRESS (dbar)
    Pressure measured in decibars (dbar). (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1.051
    Maximum:3.970
    Units:Decibar
    QF_PRESS
    A numeric value that indicates the quality of the reported pressure data. (Source: NOAA NCEI)
    ValueDefinition
    1, 9Flag 1 = QC has been performed and element appears to be correct, Flag 2 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably good with other elements, Flag 3 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably bad, Flag 4 = QC has been performed and element appears to be bad, Flag 5 = the value has been modified as a result of QC, Flag 9 = The value of the element is missing.
    SALINITY
    A numeric value for salinity (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:14.10
    Maximum:44.03
    QF_SALINITY
    A numeric value that indicates the quality of the reported salinity data. (Source: NOAA NCEI)
    ValueDefinition
    1, 2, 4, 5, 9Flag 1 = QC has been performed and element appears to be correct, Flag 2 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably good with other elements, Flag 3 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably bad, Flag 4 = QC has been performed and element appears to be bad, Flag 5 = the value has been modified as a result of QC, Flag 9 = The value of the element is missing.
    pHT
    A numeric value for pH using the total scale. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:7.538
    Maximum:8.292
    QF_pHT
    A numeric value that indicates the quality of the reported total scale pH data. (Source: NOAA NCEI)
    ValueDefinition
    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9Flag 1 = QC has been performed and element appears to be correct, Flag 2 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably good with other elements, Flag 3 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably bad, Flag 4 = QC has been performed and element appears to be bad, Flag 5 = the value has been modified as a result of QC, Flag 9 = The value of the element is missing.
    CO2 (ppm)
    A numeric value for the concentration of CO2 in parts per million by volume. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.0
    Maximum:2355.3
    Units:parts per million (ppm)
    QF_CO2
    A numeric value that indicates the quality of the reported CO2 concentration data. (Source: NOAA NCEI)
    ValueDefinition
    1, 2, 3, 4, 9Flag 1 = QC has been performed and element appears to be correct, Flag 2 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably good with other elements, Flag 3 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably bad, Flag 4 = QC has been performed and element appears to be bad, Flag 5 = the value has been modified as a result of QC, Flag 9 = The value of the element is missing.
    PRES(IRGA) (mbar)
    A numeric value for pressure in the sampling chamber of the infrared gas analyzer of the CO2 sensor. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:950
    Maximum:1094
    Units:mbar
    QF_PRES(IRGA)
    A numeric value that indicates the quality of the reported IRGA pressure data. (Source: NOAA NCEI)
    ValueDefinition
    1, 2, 3, 4, 9Flag 1 = QC has been performed and element appears to be correct, Flag 2 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably good with other elements, Flag 3 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably bad, Flag 4 = QC has been performed and element appears to be bad, Flag 5 = the value has been modified as a result of QC, Flag 9 = The value of the element is missing.
    OXYGEN (mg/L)
    A numeric identifier for the concentration of oxygen in milligrams per liter of seawater (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.10
    Maximum:18.16
    Units:milligrams/L
    QF_OXYGEN
    A numeric value that indicates the quality of the reported oxygen concentration data. (Source: NOAA NCEI)
    ValueDefinition
    1, 2, 4, 5, 9Flag 1 = QC has been performed and element appears to be correct, Flag 2 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably good with other elements, Flag 3 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably bad, Flag 4 = QC has been performed and element appears to be bad, Flag 5 = the value has been modified as a result of QC, Flag 9 = The value of the element is missing.
    PAR (microEinsteins)
    A numeric value for the concentration of photosynthetically available radiation (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.0
    Maximum:1131.9
    Units:microEinsteins
    QF_PAR
    A numeric value that indicates the quality of the reported PAR data. (Source: NOAA NCEI)
    ValueDefinition
    1, 2, 3, 4, 9Flag 1 = QC has been performed and element appears to be correct, Flag 2 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably good with other elements, Flag 3 = QC has been performed and element appears to be probably bad, Flag 4 = QC has been performed and element appears to be bad, Flag 5 = the value has been modified as a result of QC, Flag 9 = The value of the element is missing.

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Kimberly K. Yates
    • Christopher S. Moore
    • Mitchell K. Lemon
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    Please acknowledge the USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center and cite the USGS data release as the source for all products developed from these data.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Kimberly K. Yates
    United States Geological Survey
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    US

    727-502-8059 (voice)
    kyates@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

This dataset was acquired to assist USGS staff with the quantification, analysis and interpretation of geochemical time series data that will ultimately be used in assessments and research of or related to carbon cycling, coastal and ocean acidification. Data were collected during the following USGS field activities: 2018-374-FA, 2019-304-FA, 2019-318-FA, 2019-324-FA, 2019-327-FA, 2019-329-FA, 2019-336-FA, 2019-338-FA, 2019-339-FA, 2019-340-FA, 2019-345-FA, 2019-350-FA, 2019-369-FA, 2019-373-FA, 2020-304-FA, and 2020-309-FA. To view field activity details for any of the Field Activity Numbers (FANs) included in this data release, the USGS Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System (CMGDS)can be used to look up USGS FANs by replacing the FAN (example: 2018-374-FA) in the following url: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-374-FA.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2022 (process 1 of 4)
    OCSv2 Description: The OCSv2 consists of 4 sensors, 1 pump, 1 submersible data logger, a solar power package, and cellular telemetry package. The equipment models and serial numbers (s/n) are: Pro-Oceanus CO2-Pro CV (s/n 37-398-75) for measurement of carbon dioxide concentration; Sea-Bird/Satlantic SeapHOx sensor (s/n PSH-1008) for measurement of pH on the total scale; Sea-Bird SBE 37-SMP-ODO MicroCAT C-T-ODO (P) Recorder (s/n 37-15715) for measurement of dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature and depth; Sea-Bird/WET Labs ECO-PAR (s/n PARS-529) for measurement of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR); Sea-Bird/Satlantic STOR-X data logger (s/n StorX-210) and a Sea-Bird SBE-5P submersible pump (s/n 9272). Sensor resolution is as follows: Pro-Oceanus CO2-Pro 0.01 ppm; 1 mbar for PRESS(IRGA); SeapHOx 0.004 pH; Sea-Bird SBE 37-SMP-ODO MicroCAT C-T-ODO (P) Recorder 0.0001 degrees C for temperature; 0.00001 siemens for conductivity (used by the instrument to calculate salinity) and 0.002% of full scale range; 0.001 mg/L for dissolved oxygen; and ECO-PAR 14-bit digital output resolution.
    The sensors were packaged as a single unit in a custom designed platform that was mounted on a navigational mooring. The Sea-Bird SBE-5P submersible pump pulls water through a stainless copper mesh strainer and pumps the water to the CO2-Pro CV for pCO2 measurement. The sensors not requiring flow are located in close proximity to the pump intake and measure ambient water. The STOR-X and sensors are powered by a 90-watt solar panel and rechargeable battery system.
    The STOR-X distributes power to the attached sensors according to a custom schedule. The OCSv2 operates 24 hours per day, with a sampling acquisition period once every hour at the half-hour mark prefaced by a 20-minute warm up period for the CO2-Pro CV. The sampling acquisition period runs for approximately 00:01:10. The CO2 sensor re-zeros every 8 hours and collects approximately 35 CO2 and PRESS(IRGA) measurements during each sampling period. The ECO-PAR sensor collects approximately 51 PAR measurements per sample period. The SeapHOx collects 3 pH measurements per sample period. The SBE 37 collects 3 conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen and pressure measurements per sampling period.
    Data Storage and Preprocessing: Data are managed and stored by the STOR-X data logger. Acquired data are saved into sensor-specific .raw files that contain the information for each Julian day. Downloading this data from the site occurs at regular intervals to ensure the sensors operational status. Downloading these .raw files from the STOR-X requires the use of STORXCom software to communicate between the STOR-X and a computer. Once the data are downloaded, SatCon version 1.5 Data Conversion program converts the .raw files into .dat files and applies any processing required. Individual sensor Julian day .dat files are then combined into one large multi-day dataset per sensor. These files are opened in Microsoft (MS) Excel and saved in the .xlsx format. The combined multiday files contain headers for each individual day file that are strung together; these must be manually removed in MS Excel leaving only the top header line. Multi-day files are then processed through a custom averaging code written in Pearl, designed by David Zawada (USGS). This code averages the multiple measurements from each sensor per sampling period to generate a single averaged value for each sensor per sampling period, reported at the start time of the sampling period and day. In addition to averaging parameter values, the code also provides the mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum for each sampling period. Averaged data for each sensor parameter are then manually merged into a single .xlsx file for further processing. Data files are deleted from the STOR-X after confirmation of successful download and storage of parameter data. Additionally, processed data are transferred hourly from the STOR-X through a Satlantic Land/Ocean Biogeochemical Observatory (LOBO) cellular telemetry system and are available online at, http://tampabay.loboviz.com/.
    Advanced Data Processing: Preliminary QA/QC of sensor data are performed after averaged data are compiled into .xlsx files and after advanced data processing is performed. SeapHOx pH data are automatically calculated using salinity and temperature from the Sea-Bird SBE 37-SMP-ODO MicroCAT C-T-ODO (P) Recorder data and equations from Sea-Bird Scientific (2019). Prior to June 23, 2020, a MS Excel macro provided by Satlantic was used to perform a single point calibration of the SeapHOx pH data using discrete pH measurements determined in-situ and concurrently with OCS sample acquisition. From June 23, 2020 to October 15,2021, a multipoint calibration of pH data was performed using methods and Matlab code from Bresnahan and others (2014). Discrete pH is measured using spectrophotometric pH methods. Once corrections have been completed, parameter data are plotted to examine sensor performance and identify non-trending outliers. Cross validation of sensor parameters is performed to further analyze outliers and identify questionable or bad data points. Further validation of pH and CO2 sensor data is performed by comparing sensor values to values measured in discrete water samples. CO2 is calculated from discrete measurements of pH and dissolved inorganic carbon (performed using carbon coulometry methods). Measurement of sensor data is validated with discrete data approximately every three weeks. Dissolved oxygen data collected from June 3, 2020 to October 15,2021 were corrected for salinity using methods and equations from the USGS Office of Water Quality Technical Memorandum 2011.03 (U.S. Geological Survey, 2011) based on equations of Benson and Krause (1984). Person who carried out this activity:
    Kimberly K. Yates
    USGS
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, Florida
    USA

    727-502-8059 (voice)
    kyates@usgs.gov
    Date: 01-Aug-2019 (process 2 of 4)
    This data release was originally posted online on April 4, 2018. Prior versions of the data can be obtained from Yates and others (2019). Version 2.0 was released on August 1, 2019, to append data collected between February and December 2018, during field activity 2018-374-FA. Person who carried out this activity:
    Kimberly K. Yates
    USGS
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, Florida
    USA

    727-502-8059 (voice)
    kyates@usgs.gov
    Date: 11-Mar-2021 (process 3 of 4)
    Version 3.0 was released on March 11, 2021 to append data collected between December 2018 and June 2020 and consolidate data collected from December 2017 to June 2020, including during field activity 2019-304-FA. Person who carried out this activity:
    Kimberly K. Yates
    USGS
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, Florida
    USA

    727-502-8059 (voice)
    kyates@usgs.gov
    Date: 07-Jun-2022 (process 4 of 4)
    Version 4.0 was released on June 7, 2022 to append data collected between June 2020 and October 2021 and consolidate data collected from December 2017 to October 2021, including during field activities 2019-318-FA, 2019-324-FA, 2019-327-FA, 2019-329-FA, 2019-336-FA, 2019-338-FA, 2019-339-FA, 2019-340-FA, 2019-345-FA, 2019-350-FA, 2019-369-FA, 2019-373-FA, 2020-304-FA, and 2020-309-FA. Person who carried out this activity:
    Kimberly K. Yates
    USGS
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, Florida
    USA

    727-502-8059 (voice)
    kyates@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Yates, K.K., Moore, C.S., Goldstein, N.H., and Sherwood, E.T., 20190326, Tampa Bay ocean and coastal acidification monitoring quality assurance project plan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019-1003, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Yates, K.K., Moore, C.S., and Lemon, M.K., 20190801, Time series of autonomous carbonate system parameter measurements in Middle Tampa Bay, Florida, USA (ver. 2.0, August 2019): U.S. Geological Survey data release ver. 2.0, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL.

    Online Links:

    Yates, K.K., Moore, C.S., and Lemon, M.K., 20210311, Time series of autonomous carbonate system parameter measurements in Middle Tampa Bay, Florida, USA (ver. 3.0, March 2021): U.S. Geological Survey data release ver. 3.0, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL.

    Online Links:

    Bresnahan, P.J., Martz, T.R., Takeshita, Y., Johnson, K.S., and LaShomb, M., 2014, Best practices for autonomous measurement of seawater pH with the Honeywell Durafet: Methods in Oceanography Volume 9, Elsevier, Science Direct.

    Online Links:

    U.S. Geological Survey, 20110713, Office of Water Quality technical memorandum 2011.03: Technical Memorandum 2011.03, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Benson, B.B. and Krause, D.Jr., 198405, The concentration and isotopic fractionation of oxygen dissolved in freshwater and seawater in equilibrium with the atmosphere: Limnology and Oceanography Volume 29, number 3, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography.

    Online Links:

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    All sensor data were subject to preliminary quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC). A two-step procedure has been taken to remove outliers. During the first step, data beyond acceptable measurement ranges for the sensors were flagged with a quality flag of 4 to indicate bad data. Next, data parameters were plotted to examine temporal trends and cross-correlation (for example, pCO2 vs. pH), as predictable relationships (linear or exponential) have been observed in previous discrete and autonomous measurements in Tampa Bay. Data points that deviate from temporal and/or correlation trends were flagged with a quality flag of 4 (indicating bad data).
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Accuracy was checked against global positioning system (GPS) values provided by the manufacturer. Garmin GPSMAP64st and Garmin GPSmap 60CSx FPSMAP60 accuracy, < 10 meters.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    Accuracy was checked against GPS values provided by the manufacture. Garmin GPSMAP64st and Garmin GPSmap 60CSx FPSMAP60 accuracy, < 10 meters.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Data were checked to ensure all values fall within the range of analysis for each sensor, and outliers were marked with a quality flag of 4. Data were checked for missing or duplicate data points. Missing data points were marked with a value of -99. Geospatial data were plotted in either ArcGIS or in Google Earth to verify accuracy of the location.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints None
Use_Constraints Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originators of the data in future products or derivative research.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    Kimberly K. Yates
    United States Geological Survey
    600th 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, Florida
    USA

    727-502-8059 (voice)
    kyates@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 07-Jun-2022
Metadata author:
Kimberly K. Yates
United States Geological Survey
Research Oceanographer
600th 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL
USA

727-502-8059 (voice)
kyates@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/spcmsc/Middle-Tampa-Bay-OCSv2-metadata_v4.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.51 on Wed Jun 8 12:29:41 2022