National Assessment of Hurricane-Induced Coastal Erosion Hazards: Southeast Atlantic Salvo to Duck, North Carolina Raw (non-interpolated) Beach Slope Point Data

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
National Assessment of Hurricane-Induced Coastal Erosion Hazards: Southeast Atlantic Salvo to Duck, North Carolina Raw (non-interpolated) Beach Slope Point Data
Abstract:
The National Assessment of Coastal Change Hazards project derives features of beach morphology from lidar elevation data for the purpose of understanding and predicting storm impacts to our nation's coastlines. This dataset defines beach slopes along the United States Southeast Atlantic Ocean from Salvo to Duck, North Carolina for data collected at various times between 1996 and 2012.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Doran, Kara S., Long, Joseph W., and Overbeck, Jacquelyn R., 20150325, National Assessment of Hurricane-Induced Coastal Erosion Hazards: Southeast Atlantic Salvo to Duck, North Carolina Raw (non-interpolated) Beach Slope Point Data: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release doi:10.5066/F7M906Q6, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.778744
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.460968
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.245001
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 35.414028
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 09-Oct-1996
    Ending_Date: 29-Nov-2012
    Currentness_Reference:
    Ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Entity Point (9840)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.0197843295. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.0229959585. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal Degrees. The horizontal datum used is D WGS 1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS 1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    NC_Raw_Slopes.txt
    Lidar-derived beach slope. Measured as the endpoint slope between the locations of dune toe and Mean High Water elevation. (Source: USGS)
    Longitude
    Longitude of raw shoreline position in decimal degrees (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-75.778744
    Maximum:-75.460968
    Latitude
    Latitude of raw shoreline position in decimal degrees (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:35.414028
    Maximum:35.414028
    slope9610co
    Beach slope. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-999
    Maximum:0.193562
    Units:Radians
    slope9709co
    Beach slope. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-999
    Maximum:0.241258
    Units:Radians
    slope9810co
    Beach slope. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-999
    Maximum:0.185195
    Units:Radians
    slope990909
    Beach slope. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-999
    Maximum:0.191317
    Units:Radians
    slope990918
    Beach slope. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-999
    Maximum:0.201159
    Units:Radians
    slope9910co
    Beach slope. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-999
    Maximum:0.253726
    Units:Radians
    slope030916
    Beach slope. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-999
    Maximum:0.181717
    Units:Radians
    slope030921
    Beach slope. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-999
    Maximum:0.147166
    Units:Radians
    slope0407co
    slope (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-999
    Maximum:0.189951
    Units:Radians
    slope0510co
    Beach slope. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-999
    Maximum:0.200788
    Units:Radians
    slope0908co
    Beach slope. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-999
    Maximum:0.230266
    Units:Radians
    slope0911co
    Beach slope. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-999
    Maximum:0.257306
    Units:Radians
    slope1211co
    Beach slope. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-999
    Maximum:0.172212
    Units:Radians

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Kara S. Doran
    • Joseph W. Long
    • Jacquelyn R. Overbeck
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Kara Doran
    600 4th Street South
    Saint Petersburg, FL
    UNITED STATES

    727-502-8117 (voice)
    727-502-8001 (FAX)
    kdoran@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

To provide raw, non-interpolated endpoint slope data between the location of the Mean High Water and seaward-most dune toe elevations. This dataset, NC_Raw_Slopes.txt, and others associated with this project can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.5066/F7M906Q6

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    NOAA96 (source 1 of 13)
    Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Office for Coastal Management (OCM), 20000101, 1996 Fall East Coast NOAA/NASA Airborne LiDAR Assessment of Coastal Erosion (ALACE) Project for the US Coastline.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
    Source_Contribution:
    Lidar-derived elevation data collected by this source was used to estimate dune morphology variables.
    NOAA97 (source 2 of 13)
    Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Office for Coastal Management (OCM), 20000101, 1997 Fall East Coast NOAA/USGS/NASA Airborne LiDAR Assessment of Coastal Erosion (ALACE) Project for the US Coastline.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
    Source_Contribution:
    Lidar-derived elevation data collected by this source was used to estimate dune morphology variables.
    NOAA98 (source 3 of 13)
    Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Office for Coastal Management (OCM), 20000101, 1998 Fall East Coast NOAA/USGS/NASA Airborne LiDAR Assessment of Coastal Erosion (ALACE) Project for the US Coastline.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
    Source_Contribution:
    Lidar-derived elevation data collected by this source was used to estimate dune morphology variables.
    NOAA99a (source 4 of 13)
    Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Office for Coastal Management (OCM), 20000101, 1999 Post Hurricane Dennis NOAA/USGS/NASA Airborne LiDAR Assessment of Coastal Erosion (ALACE) Project for the US Coastline.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
    Source_Contribution:
    Lidar-derived elevation data collected by this source was used to estimate dune morphology variables.
    NOAA99b (source 5 of 13)
    Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Office for Coastal Management (OCM), 20000101, 1999 Post Hurricane Floyd NOAA/USGS/NASA Airborne LiDAR Assessment of Coastal Erosion (ALACE) Project for the US Coastline.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
    Source_Contribution:
    Lidar-derived elevation data collected by this source was used to estimate dune morphology variables.
    NOAA99c (source 6 of 13)
    Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Office for Coastal Management (OCM), 20000101, Fall 1999 East Coast NOAA/USGS/NASA Airborne LiDAR Assessment of Coastal Erosion (ALACE) Project for the US Coastline.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
    Source_Contribution:
    Lidar-derived elevation data collected by this source was used to estimate dune morphology variables.
    USGS03a (source 7 of 13)
    U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Unpublished material, September 16, 2003 USGS Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) Survey.

    Type_of_Source_Media: Internal digital data
    Source_Contribution:
    Lidar-derived elevation data collected by this source was used to estimate dune morphology variables.
    USGS03b (source 8 of 13)
    U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Unpublished material, September 21, 2003 USGS Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) Survey.

    Type_of_Source_Media: online digital data
    Source_Contribution:
    Lidar-derived elevation data collected by this source was used to estimate dune morphology variables.
    USACE04 (source 9 of 13)
    Joint Airborne LiDAR Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise (JALBTCX), 20141114, 2004 US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Topo/Bathy Lidar: Alabama, Florida, Mississippi and North Carolina.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
    Source_Contribution:
    Lidar-derived elevation data collected by this source was used to estimate dune morphology variables.
    USACE05 (source 10 of 13)
    Joint Airborne LiDAR Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise (JALBTCX), 20141114, 2005 US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) National Coastal Mapping Program Topo/Bathy Lidar: Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina and Virginia.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
    Source_Contribution:
    Lidar-derived elevation data collected by this source was used to estimate dune morphology variables.
    NOAAUSACE09 (source 11 of 13)
    Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Office for Coastal Management (OCM), and Joint Airborne LiDAR Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise (JALBTCX), 20141114, 2009 US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise (JALBTCX) Lidar: Currituck, Dare, and Hyde Counties, North Carolina.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
    Source_Contribution:
    Lidar-derived elevation data collected by this source was used to estimate dune morphology variables.
    USGS09 (source 12 of 13)
    U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 2011, EAARL Coastal Topography--Cape Hatteras National Seashore, North Carolina, Post-Nor'Ida, 2009: Bare Earth.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
    Source_Contribution:
    Lidar-derived elevation data collected by this source was used to estimate dune morphology variables.
    USGS13 (source 13 of 13)
    U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 2013, Coastal Topography--Northeast Atlantic Coast, Post-Hurricane Sandy, 2012: Lidar point-cloud data (LAS).

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
    Source_Contribution:
    Lidar-derived elevation data collected by this source was used to estimate dune morphology variables.
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2011 (process 1 of 3)
    For dune morphology data: Elevation data from lidar surveys were interpolated in MATLAB R2011b to a gridded domain that was rotated parallel to the shoreline and had a resolution of 10 m in the longshore direction and 2.5 m in the cross-shore direction. The interpolation method applies spatial filtering with a Hanning window that is twice as wide as the grid resolution. Dune morphology data are extracted from the elevation grid in MATLAB. Beach slopes were extracted between endpoint locations of the Mean High Water and dune toe elevations. More details on the methodology can be found in the USGS Open-File Report, "A method for determining average beach slope and beach slope variability for U.S. sandy coastlines" http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1053
    Date: 24-Jan-2017 (process 2 of 3)
    Keywords section of metadata optimized for discovery in USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Data Catalog. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Alan O. Allwardt
    Contractor -- Information Specialist
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-460-7551 (voice)
    831-427-4748 (FAX)
    aallwardt@usgs.gov
    Date: 13-Oct-2020 (process 3 of 3)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Horizontal accuracy was not estimated.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    Vertical accuracy for beach and dune morphology (dune crest and toe elevation) data is dependent on the positional accuracy of the lidar data. Estimated accuracy of lidar surveys is +/- 15 centimeters. However, vertical accuracies may vary based on the type of terrain (for example, inaccuracies may increase as slope increases or with the presence of extremely dense vegetation) and the accuracy of the GPS and aircraft-attitude measurements.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    These data include beach and dune morphology in the form of beach slope.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Data gaps exist where morphologic features (dune crest, dune toe, or shoreline points) are missing. Features are missing due to noise or gaps in the lidar data. Data gaps exist where there are no sandy shorelines (such as over inlets, marshes, or rocky coasts). No additional checks for consistency were performed on this data.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originators of the data in future products or derivative research.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
    Attn: Jacquelyn R. Overbeck
    600 4th Street Sourth
    Saint Petersburg, FL

    727-502-8104 (voice)
    727-502-8001 (FAX)
    joverbeck@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 13-Oct-2020
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
Attn: Jacquelyn R. Overbeck
600 4th Street South
Saint Petersburg, FL
UNITED STATES

727-502-8104 (voice)
727-502-8001 (FAX)
joverbeck@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/spcmsc/NC_Raw_Slopes_metadata.faq.html>
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