Georeferenced Scans of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) T-Sheets Collected Along the New Jersey Coastline from 1839-1875

Metadata also available as - [Outline] - [Parseable text] - [XML]

Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Georeferenced Scans of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) T-Sheets Collected Along the New Jersey Coastline from 1839-1875
Abstract:
Historical shoreline surveys were conducted by the National Ocean Service (NOS), dating back to the early 1800s. The maps resulting from these surveys, often called t-sheets, provide a reference of historical shoreline position that can be compared to modern data to identify shoreline change. The t-sheets are stored at the National Archives and many have been scanned by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and are available on the NOAA Shoreline Web site (http://www.shoreline.noaa.gov/data/datasheets/t-sheets.html). While some scanned t-sheets were georeferenced and digitized by NOAA, still others remain as non-georeferenced raster files (http://nosimagery.noaa.gov/images/shoreline_surveys/survey_scans/NOAA_Shoreline_Survey_Scans.html). New_Jersey_1839_75_t-sheets.zip features 8 georeferenced raster t-sheets for the New Jersey coastline from 1839 to 1875. The data were scanned by NOAA, but were not georeferenced. The t-sheets included in this data release are: T-121 (1839), T-119 Part 1 (1841), T-1084 (1868), T-1166 (1870), T-1333 (1871), T-1315a (1872), T-1371 (1874), T-1407 (1875). Digital files were georeferenced, corrected to a modern datum, and shorelines digitized to provide a vector polyline depicting the historical shoreline position using ArcGIS 10.3.1. GEoreferenced t-sheets were used to delineate and shorelines for use in long-term shoreline and wetland analyses for Hurricane Sandy wetland physical change assessment.
Supplemental_Information:
These data represent the shoreline position when the topographic sheets were created and do not necessarily represent present conditions.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Terrano, Joseph F., and Smith, Kathryn E.L., 20160718, Georeferenced Scans of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) T-Sheets Collected Along the New Jersey Coastline from 1839-1875: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release doi:10.5066/F7KH0KFX, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.525620
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.041839
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.072203
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.315239
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date:
    Ending_Date:
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Raster Digital Data Set
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Raster data set. It contains the following raster data types:
      • Dimensions 9020 x 9188, type Grid cell
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 2.2e-05. Longitudes are given to the nearest 2.2e-05. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal seconds. The horizontal datum used is D_North_American_1927.
      The ellipsoid used is Clarke_1866.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378206.4.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/294.9786982.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    T-sheets were downloaded as ungeoreferenced images in the tag image file format (TIFF), with an 8-bit pixel depth, and a pixel type of unsigned integer.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Raster t-sheet images

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Joseph F. Terrano
    • Kathryn E.L. Smith
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices. Sharing of new data layers developed directly from these data would also be appreciated by the U.S. Geological Survey staff. Users should be aware that comparisons with other datasets for the same area from other time periods may be inaccurate due to inconsistencies resulting from changes in photointerpretation, mapping conventions, and digital processes over time. These data are not legal documents and are not to be used as such.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: Joseph F. Terrano
    Researcher I
    600 4Th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727-502-8047 (voice)
    727-502-8182 (FAX)
    jterrano@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

Shoreline data are considered a crucial element in performing change analysis for erosion and accretion studies and for tracking shoreline movement over time. T-sheets were downloaded, georeferenced and digitized to document the short and long-term changes of select study areas along the New Jersey coastline. Digitized shorelines from the t-sheets provide an accurate and measurable change in shape, area, and shoreline movement over short- and long- term periods.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    New Jersey t-sheets (source 1 of 2)
    United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Geodetic Survey (NGS), 20141020, Non-georeferenced NOAA Shoreline Survey Scans (t-sheets and tp-sheets).

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Resources
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 1500
    Source_Contribution:
    T-sheets were used to identify the shoreline location for shoreline delineation and digitization.
    Zimmerman and Benson (source 2 of 2)
    Zimmermann, M. and Benson, J.L., 2013, Smooth sheets: How to work with them in a GIS to derive bathymetry, features and substrates: United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Alaska.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources
    Source_Contribution: Descriptive procedure for georeferencing t-sheets
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 09-Jun-2016 (process 1 of 4)
    T-sheet maps created for the New Jersey coastline from 1839 to 1875 were downloaded from the NOAA shoreline website as non-georeferenced t-sheets. Downloaded t-sheets include: T-121 (1839), T-119 Part 1 (1841), T-1084 (1868), T-1166 (1870), T-1333 (1871), T-1315a (1872), T-1371 (1874), T-1407 (1875). Since T-1315b was not available T-119 Part 1 and T-121 were used to fill in the missing area. The t-sheets were projected into "NAD_1983_StatePlane_New_Jersey_FIPS_2900_Feet" as determined by using metadata provided with georeferenced 1915 New Jersey t-sheets that were previously completed by NOAA. The t-sheets were then reprojected into the North American Datum of 1927 for georeferencing, see the "Notes" field in the attribute table for more information.
    Date: 10-Jun-2016 (process 2 of 4)
    T-121, T-1166, and T-1407 were georeferenced using NAD27 graticules and no shift was necessary. To do this, the t-sheets in the NAD27 projection were added to ArcMap 10.3.1 and the "Georeferencing" toolbar was opened. After locating a NAD27 graticule on the t-sheet a mark was placed and the coordinates in degrees, minutes, seconds (DMS) format were entered. The t-sheet was then auto-corrected to that coordinate. This process was repeated for all remaining NAD27 graticules on each t-sheet.
    Date: 11-Jun-2016 (process 3 of 4)
    T-119 Part 1, T-1084, T-1315a, T-1333, and T-1371 were georeferenced using the U.S. Standard Datum of 1915 graticules and shifted to NAD27. To do this, the t-sheets in the NAD27 projection were added to ArcMap 10.3.1 and the "Georeferencing" toolbar was opened. After locating a U.S. Standard Datum of 1915 graticule on the t-sheet, a mark was placed and the coordinates in degrees, minutes, seconds (DMS) format were entered. The t-sheet was then auto-corrected to the entered coordinate. This process was repeated for all remaining U.S. Standard Datum of 1915 graticules on each t-sheet. The t-sheets were shifted by calculating the change in latitude and longitude between the U.S. Standard Datum of 1915 graticules and a NAD27 gradicule. The shift values used were as follows: T-1371 (latitude by -0.00001, longitude by -0.00059), T-119 Part 1 (latitude by 0.045, longitude by 0.001709), and T-1084, T-1315a, and T-1333 (latitude by 0.0001, longitude by 0.0002). These values were entered into ArcMap's "Shift" tool and the t-sheets were corrected to the correct NAD27 position. The t-sheets were checked to ensure shoreline positions matched from t-sheet to t-sheet.
    Date: 13-Oct-2020 (process 4 of 4)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the dataset has not been conducted.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the dataset has either not been conducted, or is not applicable.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Georeferenced t-sheets were checked to ensure they were in the correct location, using t-sheet shorelines from 1915. If necessary, some t-sheets were shifted from the United States Standard Datum of 1915 to the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27). See processing steps for more details. The t-sheets were also checked to ensure the shorelines matched up from one t-sheet to the next, with the exception of T-119 part 1 and T-121. T-119 part 1 and T-121 represent earlier dates (1839 and 1841) than surrounding t-sheets (1866-75)so they do not correctly match up and were left "as is". As a final quality control, reference points were checked to ensure they overlapped from one t-sheet to the next and were adjusted accordingly, if necessary.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of the data in future products or derivative research.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: Joseph F. Terrano
    Researcher I
    600 4Th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    727-502-8047 (voice)
    727-502-8182 (FAX)
    jterrano@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    This digital publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 13-Oct-2020
Metadata author:
Joseph F. Terrano
U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Science Center
Researcher I
600 4Th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL
USA

727-502-8047 (voice)
727-502-8182 (FAX)
jterrano@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/spcmsc/New_Jersey_1839_75_T-sheet_Metadata.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Tue Sep 21 18:18:51 2021