Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Julie C. Bernier Originator: Marci E. Marot Originator: C. Scott Adams Publication_Date: 20131201 Title: Sediment Grain size Data from sediment cores Collected from March 2012 to July 2013 along the Northern Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana (U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity Numbers 12BIM01, 12BIM02, 12BIM05m and 13BIM06) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Tabular digital data Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1079/images/Tables/Grain_Size_Data.zip Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Marci E. Marot Originator: c. Scott Adams Originator: Kathryn A. Richwine Originator: Christopher G. Smith Originator: Lisa E. Osterman Originator: Julie C. Bernier Publication_Date: 20131201 Title: Temporal Changes in Lithology and Radiochemistry from the Back-barrier Environments along the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana: March 2012–July 2013 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Multimedia presentation Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2014-1079 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141079 Description: Abstract: Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC) conducted a time-series collection of shallow sediment cores from the back-barrier environments along the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana from March 2012 through July 2013. The sampling efforts were part of a larger USGS study to evaluate the effects on the geomorphology of the Chandeleur Islands following the construction of an artificial sand berm in response to the Deep Water Horizon oil spill. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of the back-barrier tidal and wetland environments to the berm. This report serves as an archive for sedimentological, radiochemical, and microbiological data derived from the sediment cores. Data is available for a time-series of four sampling periods: March 2012; July 2013; September 2012; and July 2013. Data is available in downloadable spreadsheet, Joint Photographic Experts Group and Portable Document File formats. Additional files included: ArcGIS shape files of the study sites, detailed results of sediment grain size analyses, and formal Federal Geographic Data Committee (FDGC) metadata. Purpose: The Grain_Size_Data.zip file includes Excel spreadsheets summarizing particle size analysis results from back-barrier wetlands collected on or around the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana from March 2012 to July 2013 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center. Supplemental_Information: Grain-size analyses were performed using a Coulter LS 200 (https://www.beckmancoulter.com/) particle-size analyzer, which uses laser diffraction to measure the size distribution of sediments ranging in size from 0.4 microns to 2 millimeters (mm) (clay to very coarse-grained sand). A total of 284 samples from 49 cores were analyzed. Prior to particle size analysis, organic material was chemically removed for the marsh core samples using 30% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The organic matter content in the back-barrier core samples were estimated from the LOI values to be ‹3% and therefore would not interfere with the LS200 measurements. Wet sediment from the marsh samples were dissolved in H2O2 overnight. The H2O2 was then evaporated and the sediment washed and centrifuged twice with deionized water. In order to prevent shell fragments from damaging the LS 200, particles greater than 1 mm in diameter were separated from all samples prior to analysis using a number 18 (1000 microns or 1 mm) U.S. standard sieve, which meets the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E11 standard specifications for determining particle size using woven-wire test sieves. Two subsamples from each sample were processed through the LS 200 a minimum of three runs each. The LS 200 measures the particle-size distribution of each sample by passing sediment suspended in solution between two narrow panes of glass in front of a laser. Light is scattered by the particles into characteristic refraction patterns measured by an array of photodetectors as intensity per unit area and recorded as relative volume for 92 size-related channels (bins). The size-classification boundaries for each bin were specified based on the ASTM E11 standard. The raw grain size data were then run through the free software program GRADISTAT (Blott and Pye, 2001; http://www.kpal.co.uk/gradistat), which calculates the mean, sorting, skewness, and kurtosis of each sample geometrically in metric units and logarithmically in phi units (Krumbein, 1934) using the Folk and Ward (1957) method. GRADISTAT also calculates the fraction of sediment from each sample by size category (for example, clay, coarse silt, fine sand) based on a modified Wentworth (1922) size scale. A macro function in Microsoft Excel, developed by the USGS SPCMSC, was applied to the data tocalculate average and standard deviation for each sample set (6 runs per sample), and highlight runs that varied from the set average by more than ±1.5 standard deviations. Excessive deviations from the mean are likely the result of equipment error or extraneous organic material in the sample and are not considered representative of the sample. The highlighted runs were removed from the results and the sample average was recalculated using the remaining runs. The grain size data can be viewed or downloaded from https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141079/ofr1079_data.html. Each data file includes averaged statistics for each sample and the sand-silt-clay ternary diagram generated by GRADISTAT. The unedited output files with statistics for each sample run along with averaged statistics for each sample generated by the USGS Average and Check Standard Deviation macro can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141079/ofr1079_data.html/Grain_Size_Run_Statistics.zip. GRADISTAT calculates statistics for several parameters that do not apply to our dataset or future analyses and therefore are not included in the summarized data files. For example, GRADISTAT also calculates the arithmetic mean grain size of each sample; however, an arithmetic grain-size scale is generally not used in sedimentology because the standard grain-size classifications (Wentworth, 1922) are not based on a normal (Gaussian) distribution, which tends to overemphasize coarse sediment, whereas geometric and their derivative log-normal scales place equal emphasis on the small size differences between fine particles (for example, clay and silt) and the larger size differences between coarse particles (for example, pebbles and cobbles). Other parameters, such as percent gravel, do not apply to this dataset because particles coarser than 1 mm were removed from the samples prior to processing. The averaged results for the subset of statistical parameters that apply to these data are summarized in three spreadsheets, which can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141079/images/Tables/Grain_Size_Data.zip. These metadata are not complete with out the data dictionary (Grain_Size_Data_Dictionary.pdf) also included in this archive, which applies specifically to the summary statistics spreadsheets. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20120324 Ending_Date: 20130717 Currentness_Reference: Ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.835832 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.825012 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 29.969498 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 29.895495 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:bf21d25b-88cd-48c0-bcca-92edd22726de Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: sediment Theme_Keyword: wetland Theme_Keyword: push core Theme_Keyword: grain size Theme_Keyword: GRADISTAT Theme_Keyword: back-barrier Theme_Keyword: Barrier Island Evolution Research project Theme_Keyword: 12BIM01 Theme_Keyword: 12BIM02 Theme_Keyword: 12BIM05 Theme_Keyword: 13BIM06 Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: Louisiana Place_Keyword: Gulf of Mexico Place_Keyword: Chandeleur Islands Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: The U.S. Geological Survey requests that it be acknowledged as the originator of this dataset in any future products or research derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Marci E. Marot Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mmarot@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Microsoft Excel Version 2010 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Blott, S.J. and Pye, K. Publication_Date: 2001 Title: Gradistat: A grain size distribution and statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments Edition: Version 8.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Issue_Identification: Volume 26 Other_Citation_Details: Pages 1237-1248 Online_Linkage: http://www.kpal.co.uk/gradistat.html Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The grain size data presented in the run statistics spreadsheets (https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141079/images/Tables/Grain_Size_Data.zip) represent the sample averages for a subset of the statistical parameters calculated by GRADISTAT. The number of runs included in the averaged results are also reported, and the standard deviation of the averaged results are reported for most parameters. Logical_Consistency_Report: The complete grain size dataset including all GRADISTAT parameters, results of individual sample runs, and standard deviations for all sample averages are included in the unedited output files (https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141079/images/Tables/Grain_Size_Run_Statistics.zip). Sample runs in the output files for which the mean Folk and Ward grain size varied from the set average by more than 1.5 standard deviations are highlighted in yellow and were not included in final averaged results. Completeness_Report: This is a complete grain size dataset that includes results for 284 sediment samples from 49 push core sites that were collected from the northern Chandeleur Islands in March, July, and September 2012 and July 2013 (U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity Numbers 12BIM01, 12BIM02, 12BIM05, and 13BIM06). During the March 2012 survey, an additional 31 short (< 60 cm), 1-inch-diameter push cores were collected along 10 transects across the berm and natural island; 29 grab samples were collected from the sediment surface along the axis of the berm and adjacent natural island; and 10 grab samples were collected in shallow water north and west of the berm. These samples were collected as part of a complementary USGS CMGP BIER study investigating sediment movement between the berm and the natural island since berm construction. Analyses of those data are described in Bernier and others (2014). Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: 15 short push cores were collected from the northern Chandeleur Islands in March, July, and September 2012 and July 2013 (USGS Field Activity Numbers 12BIM01, 12BIM02, 12BIM05, and 13BIM06). Samples were transported to the USGS St. Petersburg, FL Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC) for analysis. Process_Date: 2012 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Marci E. Marot Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mmarot@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Prior to particle size analysis, organic material was chemically removed for the marsh core samples using 30% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The organic matter content in the back-barrier core samples were estimated from the LOI values to be ‹3% and therefore would not interfere with the LS200 measurements. Wet sediment from the marsh samples were dissolved in H2O2 overnight. The H2O2 was then evaporated and the sediment washed and centrifuged twice with deionized water. Process_Date: 2012 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Marci E. Marot Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mmarot@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Grain-size analyses were performed using a Coulter LS 200 (https://www.beckmancoulter.com/) particle-size analyzer, which uses laser diffraction to measure the size distribution of sediments ranging in size from 0.4 microns to 2 millimeters (mm) (clay to very coarse-grained sand). In order to prevent shell fragments from damaging the LS 200, particles greater than 1 mm in diameter were separated from all samples prior to analysis using a number 18 (1000 microns or 1 mm) U.S. standard sieve, which meets the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E11 standard specifications for determining particle size using woven-wire test sieves. Two subsamples from each sample were processed through the LS 200 a minimum of three runs each. The LS 200 measures the particle-size distribution of each sample by passing sediment suspended in solution between two narrow panes of glass in front of a laser. Light is scattered by the particles into characteristic refraction patterns measured by an array of photodetectors as intensity per unit area and recorded as relative volume for 92 size-related channels (bins). The size-classification boundaries for each bin were specified based on the ASTM E11 standard. Process_Date: 2012 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Marci E. Marot Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mmarot@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The raw grain size data were then run through the free software program GRADISTAT (Blott and Pye, 2001; http://www.kpal.co.uk/gradistat), which calculates the mean, sorting, skewness, and kurtosis of each sample geometrically in metric units and logarithmically in phi units (F) (Krumbein, 1934) using the Folk and Ward (1957) method. GRADISTAT also calculates the fraction of sediment from each sample by size category (for example, clay, coarse silt, fine sand) based on a modified Wentworth (1922) size scale. A macro function in Microsoft Excel, developed by the USGS SPCMSC, was applied to the data tocalculate average and standard deviation for each sample set (6 runs per sample), and highlight runs that varied from the set average by more than ±1.5 standard deviations. Excessive deviations from the mean are likely the result of equipment error or extraneous organic material in the sample and are not considered representative of the sample. The highlighted runs were removed from the results and the sample average was recalculated using the remaining runs. Process_Date: 2013 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Grain_Size_Run_Statistics.zip Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Marci E. Marot Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mmarot@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The averaged results for all samples, including the number of runs included and the standard deviation of the averaged results were summarized in a series of Excel workbooks for each field activity number and location classification (back-barrier or marsh). Process_Date: 2013 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Grain_Size_Data.zip Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Marci E. Marot Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 802-5000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mmarot@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20201013 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The detailed attribute descriptions for the statistics summary workbooks are provided in the included data dictionary (Grain_Size_Data-Dictionary.pdf). These metadata are not complete without this file. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Data Dictionary for Grain Size Data Tables, in: Marot and others, Temporal Changes in Lithology and Radiochemistry from the Back-barrier Environments along the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana: March 2012–July 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1079, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141079. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: Marci E. Marot Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mmarot@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Downloadable data Distribution_Liability: This publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Microsoft Excel Format_Version_Number: 2010 Format_Specification: Tabular data Format_Information_Content: This zip archive contains Microsoft Excel workbooks with the grain size summary statistics for sediment samples collected in March, July, and September 2012 and July 2013 (USGS Field Activity Numbers 12BIM01, 12BIM02, 12BIM05, and 13BIM06) and associated metadata. File_Decompression_Technique: Unzip Transfer_Size: .480 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1079/images/Tables/Grain_Size_Data.zip Fees: None, if obtained online Technical_Prerequisites: These workbooks included in this .zip file were created for use with Microsoft Excel 2010. They may also be viewed with the Microsoft Excel viewer or by downloading a Microsoft Compatibility Pack to view with older versions of Microsoft Excel. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20201013 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Marci E. Marot Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mmarot@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Access_Constraints: None Metadata_Use_Constraints: The U.S. Geological Survey requests that it be acknowledged as the originator of this dataset in any future products or research derived from these data. Metadata_Security_Information: Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None