HATTERAS_SHORELINES_1978_2002: Hatteras Island shorelines from 1978 to 2002: fourteen high water shorelines from Oregon Inlet to Cape Hatteras Point, North Carolina (geographic, WGS84).

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
HATTERAS_SHORELINES_1978_2002: Hatteras Island shorelines from 1978 to 2002: fourteen high water shorelines from Oregon Inlet to Cape Hatteras Point, North Carolina (geographic, WGS84).
Abstract:
The shoreline of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, is experiencing long-term coastal erosion. In order to better understand and monitor the changing coastline, historical aerial imagery is used to map shoreline change. For the area of Hatteras Island from Cape Point to Oregon Inlet, fourteen aerial datasets from 1978-2002 were scanned and georeferenced for use in a Geographic Information System (GIS). Shoreline positions (high water line) were digitized from georeferenced imagery. The shoreline vectors were then compiled for use in the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) ArcGIS extension in order to generate rates of shoreline change.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2015, HATTERAS_SHORELINES_1978_2002: Hatteras Island shorelines from 1978 to 2002: fourteen high water shorelines from Oregon Inlet to Cape Hatteras Point, North Carolina (geographic, WGS84).: Open-File Report 2015–1002, U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Hapke, Cheryl J., and Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre), 2015, Quantification of Shoreline Change Along Hatteras Island, NC: Oregon Inlet to Cape Hatteras, 1978-2002, and Associated Vector Shoreline Data.: Open-File Report 2015–1002, U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Suggested bibliographic reference: Hapke, C. J., Henderson, R. E., 2015, Quantification of Shoreline Change Along Hatteras Island, NC: Oregon Inlet to Cape Hatteras, 1978-2002, and Associated Vector Shoreline Data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1002.
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.544914
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.459740
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 35.777730
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 35.215186
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Calendar_Date: 02-Dec-1978
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Vector data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • String (14)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257224.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Hatteras_Shorelines_1978_2002
    Vector shorelines (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    FID
    Internal feature number. (Source: ESRI) Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Shape
    Feature geometry. (Source: ESRI) Coordinates defining the features.
    Id
    feature number (Source: ESRI) Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Date_
    Date of shoreline position; date of survey as indicated on source material in the format mm/dd/yyyy. (Source: USGS) Character string of length 10
    UNCERT
    Estimate of shoreline position uncertainty. Actual shoreline position is within the range of this value (plus or minus, meters). The uncertainty was determined by following Equation 2 in USGS Open-File Report (OFR) 2010-1118, which is available at pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1118/. The historic shoreline uncertainty values contain all of the measurement errors described in the 'Shorelines' section and shown in Table 2 of OFR 2015–1002. (Source: USGS)
    ValueDefinition
    4.7meters
    Shape_Leng
    Length of feature in meters units (UTM zone 18N NAD 83) automatically calculated by ESRI software in the geodatabase. (Source: ESRI)
    Range of values
    Minimum:64362.027288
    Maximum:68186.2550052

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • U.S. Geological Survey
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    Suggested bibliographic reference: Hapke, C. J., Henderson, R. E., 2015, Quantification of Shoreline Change Along Hatteras Island, NC: Oregon Inlet to Cape Hatteras, 1978-2002, and Associated Vector Shoreline Data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1002. We would also like to thank Bill Berkemeier and Jesse McNinch of the USACE Field Research Facility (FRF) for providing access to the aerial photograph library. Jeff List contributed to the formulation of the uncertainty calculations for the rates of change, and the initial concept for deriving a shoreline database from the FRF historic photographs came from Rob Thieler, as part of the USGS North Carolina Coastal-Change Processes project.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
    Attn: Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre)
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727)-502-8000 (voice)
    rehenderson@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

This dataset consists of fourteen shorelines from 1978 to 2002 in the Cape Hatteras coastal region. Shoreline positions (high water line) were digitized from georeferenced imagery. The shoreline vectors were then compiled for use in the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) ArcGIS extension in order to generate rates of shoreline change. Historical shoreline changes measured from 1978-2002 provide a baseline to compare with recent (past 5-10 years) shoreline change observations as well as hindcasting and forecasting shoreline change with numerical models.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    CAHA Georef (source 1 of 1)
    Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre), Unpublished material, Georeferenced Aerial Imagery of Hatteras Island from Oregon Inlet to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina 1978 - 2002 (North Carolina State Plane, NAD83, Feet).

    Other_Citation_Details:
    This data series will be published by the USGS at a later date.
    Fourteen sets of hard copy historical aerial images were acquired from the US Army Corp of Engineers, Field Research Facility, Duck, NC. These were digitally scanned and georeferenced to 2007 NC state orthophotography, (1:4,800, 1ft pixel, color, NAD83, North Carolina (ftUS)) using ERDAS Imagine (v9.3). Eight to ten control points were established for each image by visually identifying coincident points between the historical imagery and the orthophotography. Additional points were added as necessary to achieve acceptable root mean square (RMS) error (< 1 m). The images were georectified using a second order polynomial transformation with a nearest neighbor resample method and quality assessments were conducted. The average RMS value for each year is reported as the georeferencing RMS for that dataset which can be found in Table 1 of the corresponding Open File Report: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1002/
    The details for source imagery are as follows:
    1978 - 12/02/1978: Film, 1:12,000, Grayscale 1979 - 09/20/1979: Film, 1:12,000, Grayscale 1984 - 09/07 & 9/19/1984: Film, 1:12,000, Grayscale 1985 - 08/23/1985: Film, 1:12,000, Grayscale 1987 - 07/10/1987: Film, 1:12,000, Grayscale 1989 - 07/30/1989: Film, 1:12,000, Grayscale 1991 - 10/19/1991: Film, 1:12,000, Grayscale 1992 - 10/02/1992: Film, 1:12,000, Grayscale 1993 - 09/02/1993: Film, 1:12,000, Grayscale 1995 - 10/18/1995: Film, 1:12,000, Grayscale 1996 - 10/14/1996: Print, 1:12,000, Grayscale 1997 - 10/12/1997: Film, 1:12,000, Color 1998 - 10/02/1998: Print, 1:12,000, Color 2002 - 10/18/2002: Print, 1:12,000, Color
    This data series will be published by the USGS at a later date.
    Type_of_Source_Media: Digital air photos derived from print and film sources.
    Source_Contribution:
    Georeferened imagery was used to digitize high water line (HWL) shorelines.
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 01-Apr-2010 (process 1 of 6)
    Vector shorelines were digitized from georeferenced aerial images in ArcMap v.10.0, using the historical high water line as a shoreline proxy. Quality assessments were performed and shorelines were edited to remove any overlap between adjacent shorelines. No edge-matching between adjacent shorelines was attempted. Shorelines from all years were then appended to produce a single shoreline file for the region. The final shoreline dataset was coded with attribute fields (Id, DATE_, and UNCERT (Uncertainty). These fields are required for the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS), which was used to calculate shoreline change rates. All other fields were ESRI generated fields. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
    Attn: Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre)
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727)-502-8000 (voice)
    rehenderson@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • CAHA Georef
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • Hatteras_Shorelines_1978_2002
    Date: 01-Jun-2010 (process 2 of 6)
    Shorelines were projected in ArcToolbox from NC state plane feet (NAD 83) to UTM zone 18N (NAD 83) for use in DSAS (which requires meter-based coordinate systems) using ArcToolbox (v10.0) "Data Management Tools" > "Projections and Transformations" > "Feature" > "Project". Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
    Attn: Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre)
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727)-502-8000 (voice)
    rehenderson@usgs.gov
    Date: 08-Jun-2010 (process 3 of 6)
    The appended shoreline file and the shoreline uncertainty table (.dbf) were imported into a personal geodatabase in ArcCatalog (v.10.0) for use with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software to perform rate calculations. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
    Attn: Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre)
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727)-502-8000 (voice)
    rehenderson@usgs.gov
    Date: 16-Jun-2010 (process 4 of 6)
    The shoreline feature class was exported from a personal geodatabase to a shapefile in ArcCatalog (v.10.0) by performing a right-mouse click on the data layer > export > to shapefile (single). Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
    Attn: Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre)
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727)-502-8000 (voice)
    rehenderson@usgs.gov
    Date: 28-Jun-2010 (process 5 of 6)
    Hatteras_Shorelines.shp was projected in ArcToolbox from UTM zone 18N (NAD 83) to geographic (WGS 84) coordinates using: ArcToolbox (v10.0) "Data Management Tools" > "Projections and Transformations" > "Feature" > "Project", and the Geographic Transformation: NAD_1983_To_WGS_1984_5. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
    Attn: Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre)
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727)-502-8000 (voice)
    rehenderson@usgs.gov
    Date: 13-Oct-2020 (process 6 of 6)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Thieler, E.R., Himmelstoss, E.A., Zichichi, J.L., and Ergul, A., 2009, Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.3 - An ArcGIS extension for calculating shoreline change: Open-File Report 2008-1278, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: Current version of software at time of use was 4.3

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    The data provided here are compilations of shorelines from multiple sources, spanning 24 years. The attributes are based on the requirements of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software and have gone through a series of quality assurance procedures.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    The positional errors for shorelines used in this study are determined following the methodology of Morton and Miller (2005) and Hapke and others, (2006; 2011). The terms included are those associated with the georectification process (image resolution (pixel size), georeferencing RMS and control point uncertainty) and digitizing error. The digitizing error is the maximum considered in past studies (Anders and Byrnes, 1991; Crowell and others, 1991; Moore, 2000). The addition of a term for high water line uncertainty was included to cover unknown meteorological influences on the position of the HWL shoreline on the beach. The shoreline position uncertainty is estimated using a square root of the sum of the squares of the terms which can be found in Table 2 of the corresponding USGS Open-File Report: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1002/
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    This shoreline file is complete and contains all shoreline segments used to calculate shoreline change rates along sections of the Cape Hatteras coastal region where shoreline position data were available. These data adequately represented the shoreline position at the time of the survey. Remaining gaps in these data, if applicable, are a consequence of non-existing data or existing data that did not meet quality assurance standards.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Adjacent shoreline segments do not overlap and are not necessarily continuous. Shorelines were quality checked for accuracy. Any slight offsets between adjacent segments due to georeferencing and digitizing error are taken into account in the uncertainty calculations included in the corresponding USGS Open-File Report (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1002/).

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727)-502-8000 (voice)
    rehenderson@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Downloadable Data: USGS Open-File Report 2015–1002
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials.
    Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
    • Availability in digital form:
      Data format: This WinZip file contains a shapefile of fourteen historic shorelines from 1978 to 2002 for the sandy shorelines of Cape Hatteras, NC from Oregon Inlet to Cape Hatteras Point. in format WinZip (version 15.5) ESRI polyline shapefile Size: 1.236
      Network links: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1002/downloads/ofr2015-1002.zip
    • Cost to order the data: None

  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    This zip file contains data available in Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) polyline shapefile format. The user must have ArcGIS or ArcView 3.0 or greater software to read and process the data file. In lieu of ArcView or ArcGIS, the user may utilize another GIS application package capable of importing the data. A free data viewer, ArcExplorer, capable of displaying the data is available from ESRI at www.esri.com.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 13-Oct-2020
Metadata author:
Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre)
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL
USA

(727)-502-8000 (voice)
rehenderson@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
Metadata extensions used:
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/spcmsc/OFR20151002_hatteras_shorelines_1978_2002_metadata.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Tue Sep 21 18:18:51 2021