HATTERAS_TRANSECTS: Hatteras Island shoreline transects and shoreline change rate calculations: Oregon Inlet to Cape Hatteras Point, North Carolina (geographic, WGS84).

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
HATTERAS_TRANSECTS: Hatteras Island shoreline transects and shoreline change rate calculations: Oregon Inlet to Cape Hatteras Point, North Carolina (geographic, WGS84).
Abstract:
The shoreline of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, is experiencing long-term coastal erosion. In order to better understand and monitor the changing coastline, historical aerial imagery is used to map shoreline change. For the area of Hatteras Island from Cape Point to Oregon Inlet, fourteen aerial datasets from 1978-2002 were scanned and georeferenced for use in a Geographic Information System (GIS). Shoreline positions (high water line) were digitized from georeferenced imagery. The shoreline vectors were then compiled for use in the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) ArcGIS extension in order to generate rates of shoreline change.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2015, HATTERAS_TRANSECTS: Hatteras Island shoreline transects and shoreline change rate calculations: Oregon Inlet to Cape Hatteras Point, North Carolina (geographic, WGS84).: Open-File Report 2015–1002, U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Hapke, Cheryl J., and Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre), 2015, Quantification of Shoreline Change Along Hatteras Island, NC: Oregon Inlet to Cape Hatteras, 1978-2002, and Associated Vector Shoreline Data.: Open-File Report 2015–1002, U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Suggested bibliographic reference: Hapke, C. J., Henderson, R. E., 2015, Quantification of Shoreline Change Along Hatteras Island, NC: Oregon Inlet to Cape Hatteras, 1978-2002, and Associated Vector Shoreline Data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1002.
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.545621
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.459091
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 35.778262
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 35.216500
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Calendar_Date: 01-Mar-2010
    Currentness_Reference:
    publication date
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Vector data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • String (1308)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257224.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Hatteras_Transects
    Transects are automatically generated by DSAS at a 90 degree angle to the user-specified baseline. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    FID
    Internal feature number. (Source: ESRI) Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Shape
    Feature geometry. (Source: ESRI) Coordinates defining the features.
    BaselineID
    Unique identification number of the baseline segment. If BaselineID=0 no transects will be generated. Used by DSAS to determine transect ordering alongshore if multiple baseline segments exist. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:unlimited
    TransOrder
    Assigned by DSAS based on ordering of transects along the baseline. Used to allow user to sort transect data along the baseline from baseline start to baseline end. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:unlimited
    ProcTime
    Assigned by DSAS automatically to record the date and time a transect was processed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:no value (when transect was manually created by user)
    Maximum:unlimited (values based on time and date of automatic generation)
    Autogen
    Assigned by DSAS to indicate whether or not a transect was automatically created by DSAS (1= transect was auto generated by DSAS; 0=transect was not auto-generated). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:1
    StartX
    Assigned by DSAS automatically to record the X coordinate of the beginning of the transect in meter units (UTM zone 18N, NAD 83). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:450349.84
    Maximum:458405.08
    StartY
    Assigned by DSAS automatically to record the Y coordinate of the beginning of the transect in meter units (UTM zone 18N, NAD 83). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:3897181.77
    Maximum:3959484.62
    EndX
    Assigned by DSAS automatically to record the X coordinate of the end of the transect in meter units (UTM zone 18N, NAD 83). This value does not update if the transect is edited, such as when transects need to be extended. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:450543.46
    Maximum:458005.08
    EndY
    Assigned by DSAS automatically to record the Y coordinate of the end of the transect in meter units (UTM zone 18N, NAD 83). This value does not update if the transect is edited, such as when transects need to be extended. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:3897216.79
    Maximum:3959085.63
    Azimuth
    Assigned by DSAS to record the azimuth of the transect measure in degrees clockwise from North. This value does not update if the transect is edited, such as when transects need to be extended, or reoriented. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:28.95
    Maximum:295.2
    SHAPE_Leng
    Length of feature in meter units (UTM zone 18N, NAD 83) automatically calculated by the ESRI software within the geodatabase. (Source: ESRI)
    Range of values
    Minimum:399.999996
    Maximum:1041.888447
    LRR78_2002
    The linear regression rate of shorelines from 1978-2002. A linear regression rate-of-change statistic was calculated by fitting a least-squares regression line to fourteen shorelines from 1978 to 2002 for each transect. The best-fit regression line is placed so that the sum of the squared residuals (determined by squaring the offset distance of each data point from the regression line and adding the squared residuals together) is minimized. The linear regression rate is the slope of the line. The rate is reported in meters per year with positive values indicating accretion and negative values indicating erosion. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-76.61
    Maximum:19.42
    LRR89_2002
    The linear regression rate of shorelines from 1989 to 2002. A linear regression rate-of-change statistic was calculated by fitting a least-squares regression line to nine shorelines from 1989 to 2002 for each transect. The best-fit regression line is placed so that the sum of the squared residuals (determined by squaring the offset distance of each data point from the regression line and adding the squared residuals together) is minimized. The linear regression rate is the slope of the line. The rate is reported in meters per year with positive values indicating accretion and negative values indicating erosion. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-40.42
    Maximum:84.13
    LRR78_1989
    The linear regression rate of shorelines from 1978 to 1989. A linear regression rate-of-change statistic was calculated by fitting a least-squares regression line to six shorelines from 1978 to 1989 for each transect. The best-fit regression line is placed so that the sum of the squared residuals (determined by squaring the offset distance of each data point from the regression line and adding the squared residuals together) is minimized. The linear regression rate is the slope of the line. The rate is reported in meters per year with positive values indicating accretion and negative values indicating erosion. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-76.61
    Maximum:41.1
    DAS_km
    The distance in kilometers along shore, measured at the intersection of transects with the baseline, starting at Fire Island Inlet and ending at Moriches Inlet. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:66.86

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • U.S. Geological Survey
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    Suggested bibliographic reference: Hapke, C. J., Henderson, R. E., 2015, Quantification of Shoreline Change Along Hatteras Island, NC: Oregon Inlet to Cape Hatteras, 1978-2002, and Associated Vector Shoreline Data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1002. We would also like to thank Bill Berkemeier and Jesse McNinch of the USACE Field Research Facility for providing access to the aerial photograph library. Jeff List contributed to the formulation of the uncertainty calculations for the rates of change, and the initial concept for deriving a shoreline database from the FRF historic photographs came from Rob Thieler, as part of the USGS North Carolina Coastal-Change Processes project.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
    Attn: Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre)
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727)-502-8000 (voice)
    rehenderson@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

This dataset consists of orthogonal transects and shoreline change rates for Hatteras Island, from Oregon Inlet to Cape Hatteras Point, North Carolina. Rate calculations were computed within a GIS using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.3, an ArcGIS extension developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Long-term rates of shoreline change were calculated using a linear regression rate based on all available shoreline data. A reference baseline was used as the originating point for the orthogonal transects cast by the DSAS software. The transects intersect each shoreline establishing measurement points, which are then used to calculate long-term rates.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 19-Oct-2010 (process 1 of 8)
    Transect Features Generated using DSAS v4.3 in ArcMap v10.0. Parameters Used: baseline layer=Hatteras_Baseline, baseline group field=NULL, transect spacing=50 meters, transect length=400 meters, cast direction=AUTO-DETECT, baseline location=offshore, cast method=simple baseline, smoothing distance=50 meters, flip baselines=not selected. For additional details on these parameters, please see the DSAS help file distributed with the DSAS software, or visit the USGS website at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1278/. Person who carried out this activity:
    Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre)
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727)-502-8000 (voice)
    rehenderson@usgs.gov
    Date: 25-Oct-2010 (process 2 of 8)
    Some transects did not intersect all shorelines at the default transect length. These transects were manually lengthened in an edit session using standard editing tools in ArcMap v10.0. Person who carried out this activity:
    Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre)
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727)-502-8000 (voice)
    rehenderson@usgs.gov
    Date: 01-Jul-2014 (process 3 of 8)
    Three sets of rate calculations were performed in DSAS v4.3 using ArcMap v10.0.
    1) Parameters Used: shoreline layer=Hatteras_shorelines_1978_2002, shoreline date field=DATE_, shoreline uncertainty field name=UNCERT, the default accuracy=4.4 meters, shoreline intersection parameters=nearest, stats calculations=[Net Shoreline Movement (NSM) and Linear Regression Rate (LRR)], confidence interval=95% (95_CI), Output rate table name= Hatteras_Trans_rates_1978_2002.dbf
    2) Parameters Used: shoreline layer=Hatteras_shorelines_1978_1989, shoreline date field=DATE_, shoreline uncertainty field name=UNCERT, the default accuracy=4.4 meters, shoreline intersection parameters=nearest, stats calculations=[Net Shoreline Movement (NSM) and Linear Regression Rate (LRR)], confidence interval=95% (95_CI), Output rate table name= Hatteras_Trans_rates_1978_1989.dbf
    3) Parameters Used: shoreline layer=Hatteras_shorelines_1989_2002, shoreline date field=DATE_, shoreline uncertainty field name=UNCERT, the default accuracy=4.4 meters, shoreline intersection parameters=nearest, stats calculations=[Net Shoreline Movement (NSM) and Linear Regression Rate (LRR)], confidence interval=95% (95_CI), Output rate table name= Hatteras_Trans_rates_1989_2002.dbf Person who carried out this activity:
    Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre)
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727)-502-8000 (voice)
    rehenderson@usgs.gov
    Date: 08-Jul-2014 (process 4 of 8)
    New fields (LRR78_2002, LRR89_2002, LRR78_1989, DAS_km) were created in the Hatteras_Transects attribute table. Person who carried out this activity:
    Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre)
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727)-502-8000 (voice)
    rehenderson@usgs.gov
    Date: 10-Jul-2014 (process 5 of 8)
    The Hatteras_Transects feature class was exported from a personal geodatabase to a shapefile in ArcCatalog (v.10.0) by performing a right-mouse click on the data layer > export > to shapefile (single). Person who carried out this activity:
    Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre)
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727)-502-8000 (voice)
    rehenderson@usgs.gov
    Date: 14-Jul-2014 (process 6 of 8)
    Shoreline rate tables (Hatteras_Trans_1978_2002_rates.dbf, Hatteras_Trans_1978_1989_rates.dbf, and Hatteras_Trans_1989_2002_rates.dbf) were individually joined to the Hatteras_Transects.shp feature class in ArcMap v10.0 by right-clicking on the transect layer > joins and relates > join > join attributes from a table. Parameters: join field - ObjectID; table to join - (Hatteras_Trans_1978_2002_rates, Hatteras_Trans_1978_1989_rates, Hatteras_Trans_1989_2002_rates); field in table: TransectID; join options - keep only matching records. Values from the temporary join were copied and pasted to the Hatteras_Transects.shp attribute table, linear regression rates (LRR) from Hatteras_Trans_1978_2002_rates.dbf were used to fill LRR78_2002 field; LRR rates from Hatteras_Trans_1978_1989_rates.dbf were used to fill LRR78_1989, and LRR rates from Hatteras_Trans_1989_2002_rates.dbf were used to fill LRR89_2002 attribute field. Person who carried out this activity:
    Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre)
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727)-502-8000 (voice)
    rehenderson@usgs.gov
    Date: 16-Jul-2014 (process 7 of 8)
    Hatteras_Transects.shp was projected in ArcToolbox from UTM zone 18N (NAD 83) to geographic (WGS 84) coordinates using: ArcToolbox (v9.3) "Data Management Tools" > "Projections and Transformations" > "Feature" > "Project", and the Geographic Transformation: NAD_1983_To_WGS_1984_5. Person who carried out this activity:
    Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre)
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727)-502-8000 (voice)
    rehenderson@usgs.gov
    Date: 13-Oct-2020 (process 8 of 8)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Thieler, E.R., Himmelstoss, E.A., Zichichi, J.L., and Ergul, A., 2009, Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.3 - An ArcGIS extension for calculating shoreline change: Open-File Report 2008-1278, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: Current version of software at time of use was 4.3.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    The attributes in this layer are based on the requirements for use within the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software (USGS Open-File Report 2008-1278). The data have been quality checked and the attribute value (TransOrder) increments sequentially alongshore.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    This dataset contains transects automatically generated by the DSAS software application that were used to calculate long-term shoreline change rates for the region.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    These data were generated using DSAS v4.3, an automated software program, which does not perform checks for fidelity of the input features. The transects were visually inspected and sometimes manually adjusted within a standard ArcMap edit session to adjust the position at which an individual transect intersected the shorelines.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727)-502-8000 (voice)
    rehenderson@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Downloadable Data: USGS Open-File Report 2015–1002
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials.
    Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
    • Availability in digital form:
      Data format: This WinZip file contains a shapefile of transects generated by the Digital Shoreline Analysis System with appended long-term rate calculations for Cape Hatteras, NC from Oregon Inlet to Cape Hatteras Point. in format WinZip (version 15.5) ESRI polyline shapefile Size: .107
      Network links: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1002
    • Cost to order the data: None

  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    This zip file contains data available in Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) polyline shapefile format. The user must have ArcGIS or ArcView 3.0 or greater software to read and process the data file. In lieu of ArcView or ArcGIS, the user may utilize another GIS application package capable of importing the data. A free data viewer, ArcExplorer, capable of displaying the data is available from ESRI at www.esri.com.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 13-Oct-2020
Metadata author:
Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre)
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL
USA

(727)-502-8000 (voice)
rehenderson@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
Metadata extensions used:
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/spcmsc/OFR20151002_hatteras_transects_metadata.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Tue Sep 21 18:18:51 2021