Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Justin J. Birchler Originator: Margaret L. Palmsten Originator: Kara S. Doran Originator: Sharifa Karwandyar Originator: Joshua M. Pardun Originator: Elora M. Oades Originator: Ryan P. Mulligan Originator: Eli S. Whitehead-Zimmers Publication_Date: 20240903 Title: SWASH Model Water Level Time Series at Wrightsville Beach, NC, USA for PIER site Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Justin J. Birchler Originator: Margaret L. Palmsten Originator: Kara S. Doran Originator: Sharifa Karwandyar Originator: Joshua M. Pardun Originator: Elora M. Oades Originator: Ryan P. Mulligan Originator: Eli S. Whitehead-Zimmers Publication_Date: 20240903 Title: SWASH Model Water Level Time Series at Wrightsville Beach, NC during Hurricane Isaias, August 2020 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey data release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P14FO5GC Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, Florida Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P14FO5GC Description: Abstract: This data release contains model output of water level elevations resulting from deterministic simulations at Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina (NC), USA. For further information regarding model input generation and visualization of model output topography and bathymetry, refer to Birchler and others (2024). Purpose: These data were generated by the Simulating WAves till SHore (SWASH) model to simulate storm-induced water levels from Hurricane Isaias at Wrightsville Beach, NC, USA. Water levels were simulated over a period of 10 hours around the peak of the storm from 2300 GMT on August 3, 2020, to 0900 GMT on August 4, 2020, at site PIER. The model-simulated water levels are included in the download file, PIER_SWASH_Output.zip as a Network Common Data Form (NetCDF, .nc) file. This dataset consists of Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata and a NetCDF file containing the following variables: world coordinates of the model transect (Easting and Northing), horizontal and vertical coordinates of the model transect (x and z), model timestep (timeStep), input tide value for each simulation (tide), start time of each simulation (timeStart) and water level time series for each of the ten simulations (tideEtaT#). Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20200803 Ending_Date: 20200804 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -77.7893480581335 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -77.7706183338465 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.2157899535006 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.2022018904651 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:f274c143-0397-4224-a52b-8cbfaecbce07 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: marine geology Theme_Keyword: ocean sciences Theme_Keyword: topography Theme_Keyword: bathymetry Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme_Keyword: hurricanes Theme_Keyword: ocean waves Theme_Keyword: tides (oceanic) Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: SPCMSC Theme_Keyword: total water level Theme_Keyword: barrier island Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Content Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: State of North Carolina Place_Keyword: Wrightsville Beach Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: Justin J. Birchler Contact_Position: Physical Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8019 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbirchler@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: U.S. Geological Survey Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 10 Enterprise; MATLAB R2023a; SWASH version 7.01 (https://swash.sourceforge.io/home.htm); Deltares Delft3D Flow version 6.04.00.69179 (https://www.deltares.nl/en/software-and-data/products/delft3d-4-suite); SWAN version 40.72ABCDE (https://swanmodel.sourceforge.io/download/download.htm) Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Birchler, J.J. Originator: Palmsten, M.L. Originator: Doran, K.S. Originator: Karwandyar, S. Originator: Pardun, J.M. Originator: Oades, E.M. Originator: Mulligan, R.P. Originator: Whitehead-Zimmers, E.S. Publication_Date: 202410 Title: Skill assessment of a total water level and coastal change forecast during the landfall of a hurricane Series_Information: Series_Name: Coastal Engineering Issue_Identification: Volume 193 (October 2024) 104590 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2024.104590 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Zijlema, M. Originator: Stelling, G. Originator: Smit, P. Publication_Date: 20110702 Title: SWASH: An operational public domain code for simulating wave fields and rapidly varied flows in coastal waters Series_Information: Series_Name: Coastal Engineering Issue_Identification: Volume 58, Issue 10 Other_Citation_Details: Pages 992-1012 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2011.05.015 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Manchia, C.M. Originator: Mulligan, R.P. Publication_Date: 20220315 Title: Hurricane wind-driven surface waves on a narrow continental shelf and exposed coast Series_Information: Series_Name: Continental Shelf Research Issue_Identification: Volume 237 (2022) 104681 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2022.104681 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Stockdon, H.F. Originator: Long, J.W. Originator: Palmsten, M.L. Originator: Van der Westhuysen, A. Originator: Doran, K.S. Originator: Snell, R.J. Publication_Date: 20230517 Title: Operational forecasts of wave-driven water levels and coastal hazards for US Gulf and Atlantic coasts Series_Information: Series_Name: Communications Earth & Environment Issue_Identification: Volume 4, Article 169 (2023) Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00817-2 Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: The water level time series dataset simulates the model-derived water levels for ten hours along the model transect. Completeness_Report: This model output contains the complete time series of water levels for ten simulations. This dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract section. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: This file contains the topographic and bathymetric elevations that were input into the SWASH model to simulate water level time series. Within the SWASH model, the coordinates are projected to the North American Datum 1983 (NAD83), Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 18 North (18N) coordinate system. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Vertical datum is projected to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) with an estimated resolution of 0.01 meters (m). Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: A hindcast model simulated the hydrodynamic conditions from the landfall of Hurricane Isaias in August 2020 along the North Carolina, USA coast (Manchia and Mulligan, 2022). The hydrodynamic model Delft3D was coupled with the spectral wave model SWAN (Simulating WAves Nearshore) to span the coastal region of Onslow Bay and its surrounding continental shelf offshore of Wrightsville Beach. The SWAN model was forced with water level boundary conditions defined by tide gages located at Duck, NC (NOAA station 8651370, https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/stationhome.html?id=8651370) and at Charleston, South Carolina (SC) (NOAA station 8665530, https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/stationhome.html?id=8665530). The Simulating WAves till SHore (SWASH) model (Zijlema and others, 2011) was used to simulate wave and water level interactions with the shore. Hourly directional energy spectra produced by Manchia and Mulligan (2022) were output at the offshore boundary of the SWASH domain (water depth = 13.5 m). Ten hours around the peak of the storm were simulated to capture the evolution and maximum water levels of Hurricane Isaias, 23:00 GMT on 3 August 2020 to 09:00 GMT on 4 August 2020. Wave energy was propagated over a 1-Dimensional bathymetric transect located 20 m north of a local pier at Wrightsville Beach, NC. The SWASH computational grid extends 2292.5 m and has a cross-shore horizontal resolution of 2.5 m. The transect was repeated in the alongshore to have 5 grid points, spanning 20 m (delta-y = 4 m) to accommodate directional energy inputs. Input spectral files had 42 frequency bins between f = 0.04:0.4 hertz (Hz) and had a directional resolution of 5 degrees. The wave field was initialized with all current and velocity components set to zero and a mean water level equal to the corresponding verified water level at the tide gauge at Wrightsville Beach, NC (NOAA station 8658163, https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/stationhome.html?id=8658163). Each simulation was run for a total of 60 minutes with the first 15 minutes allocated for spinup time as the domain reached steady-state. Data were output at a time step of 0.5 seconds (s), but the model internally computed variables at a dynamic time step ranging between 0.04 and 0.08 s, governed by the Courant number. The horizontal viscosity was taken as constant, and a standard k-epsilon model was used in the vertical direction. Default model values were used for the Courant number, the breaking threshold, and in the calculation of bottom friction, which included a constant Manning coefficient (Zijlema and others, 2011). The resulting water level elevations, extracted at the end of each simulation, were output into MATLAB data files. For further information regarding model input generation and visualization of model output topography and bathymetry, refer to Birchler and others (2024). Process_Date: 20231101 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Justin J. Birchler Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Physical Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing Address: 600 4th Street S City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727)-502-8019 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbirchler@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Modeled water level outputs were extracted in Mathworks MATLAB (R2023a) and were packaged into a NetCDF file (.nc), using the export functions available in MATLAB, for inclusion in this data release. The output data file is a time series of ten hours of simulated water levels from 2300 GMT on August 3, 2020, to 0900 GMT on August 4, 2020, during the landfall of Hurricane Isaias. See the entity and attribute information section for more information about this dataset. Process_Date: 20240401 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: PIER_SWASH_Output.nc Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Justin J. Birchler Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Physical Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8019 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbirchler@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Atlantic Ocean Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: VPF_Terms_Description: VPF_Topology_Level: 3 VPF_Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: VPF_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Face Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 918 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 18 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: Coordinate Pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 1.927269 Ordinate_Resolution: 1.592312 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.25722210100002 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Altitude_Resolution: 0.0001 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: attribute values Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: PIER_SWASH_Output.nc: Modeled water level time series data simulated for 03 August 2020, to 04 August 2020, at Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina (site PIER). The location and elevation data are provided in vector format in a NetCDF file (.nc). The NetCDF file contains the following variables: world coordinates of the model transect (Easting and Northing), horizontal and vertical coordinates of the model transect (x and z), model timestep (timeStep), input tide value for each simulation (tide), start time of each simulation (timeStart) and water level time series for each of the ten simulations (tideEtaT#). The Climate and Forecast (CF)-compliant metadata (version CF-1.6) in the header of the NetCDF file provides spatial information for projecting the data into a geographic information system (GIS). It also provides information about the conventions used for attributes in the dataset. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: SWASH_Input_example.zip: Example of SWASH model input files used for the cross-shore profile at Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina for model run initiated at 2300 GMT on 3 August 2020: A) SWASH initialization file (swashinit.txt), B) SWASH command file (PIER_202008_0323.sws), C) Input bathymetry for the PIER profile (PIER_bathy.txt), and D) Input wave spectral energy (T1_0323_2Dspec.txt). The text files contain all information needed to initiate the SWASH model. The SWASH command files for all profiles and times were identical except for the input tide elevation (LEVEL), input bathymetry which, varied slightly between profiles, and spectral wave input, which varied between times. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Delft University of Technology. The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: USGS SPCMSC Data Management Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov Resource_Description: PIER_SWASH_Output.nc Distribution_Liability: This digital publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: NetCDF Format_Version_Number: NetCDF version 4.8.1 Format_Information_Content: PIER_SWASH_Output.nc is a NetCDF file that contains the final model water level elevations and coordinate information, in meters. File_Decompression_Technique: The file is zipped and must be unzipped before use. Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P14FO5GC/data/PIER_SWASH_Output.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P14FO5GC/data/SWASH_Input_example.zip Fees: None Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20240903 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: USGS SPCMSC Data Management Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998