Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kaustubh Thirumalai Originator: Julie N. Richey Originator: Terrence M. Quinn Originator: Caitlin E. Reynolds Publication_Date: 20210507 Title: Holocene evolution of sea-surface temperature and salinity in the Gulf of Mexico Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Tabular digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P9Q5L9VU Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, Florida Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Q5L9VU Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kaustubh Thirumalai Originator: Julie N. Richey Originator: Terrence M. Quinn Publication_Date: Unknown Title: Holocene evolution of sea-surface temperature and salinity in the Gulf of Mexico: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Multimedia presentation Series_Information: Series_Name: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology Issue_Identification: Unknown Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Washington, D.C. Publisher: American Geophysical Union Online_Linkage: Unknown Description: Abstract: Stable oxygen and carbon isotope composition (δ18O and δ13C) and magnesium-to-calcium (Mg/Ca) ratios were measured in the tests of planktic foraminiferal species, Globigerinoides ruber (white variety), in a northwestern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) sediment core 2010-GB2-GC1 collected from the Garrison Basin (26.67°N, 93.92°W) at a water depth of 1776 meters (m), aboard the R/V Cape Hatteras in April 2010. These measurements are used to generate sub-centennial-scale reconstructions of sea surface temperature (SST) and the stable oxygen isotope composition of seawater (δ18Osw; a proxy for changes in salinity) over the past 11,700 years. For further information regarding data collection and/or processing methods, refer to the associated journal article (Thirumalai and others, 2021). Purpose: The larger goal of this project is to use paleoceanographic reconstructions from the Gulf of Mexico and surrounding regions to better understand what mechanisms are forcing climate variability on decadal to centennial time-scales. The sediment core was collected during U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) field activity number (FAN) 10CEV05. Additional survey and data details are available from the USGS Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System (CMGDS) at, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=10CEV05. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20100411 Ending_Date: 20100420 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -93.92 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -93.92 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 27.67 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 27.67 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:1d109f99-7570-4a75-bb19-a9252da4d66b Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: biota Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: environment Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: geology Theme_Keyword: protists Theme_Keyword: micropaleontology Theme_Keyword: sea surface temperature Theme_Keyword: salinity Theme_Keyword: isotopic analysis Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: foraminifera Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: Gulf of Mexico Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests that it be acknowledged as the originator of this dataset in any future products or research derived from these data. Data_Set_Credit: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Native_Data_Set_Environment: Environment as of Metadata Creation: macOS Mojave Version 10.14.6 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Barker S Originator: Grieves M Originator: Elderfield H Publication_Date: 20030905 Title: A study of cleaning procedures used for foraminiferal Mg/Ca paleothermometry Series_Information: Series_Name: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems Issue_Identification: Volume 4, Issue 9 Other_Citation_Details: Pages 1-20 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GC000559 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Thirumalai K Originator: Quinn TM Originator: Okumura Y Originator: Richey JN Originator: Partin JW Originator: Poore RZ Originator: Moreno-Chamarro E Publication_Date: 20180126 Title: Pronounced centennial-scale Atlantic Ocean climate variability correlated with Western Hemisphere hydroclimate Series_Information: Series_Name: Nature Communications Issue_Identification: Volume 9, Issue 1 Other_Citation_Details: Pages 1-11 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-02846-4 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. Logical_Consistency_Report: No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has not been conducted. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the dataset has either not been conducted or is not applicable. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Planktic foraminiferal geochemistry was used to reconstruct Holocene SST and δ18Osw variations in the northwestern GoM. Marine sediment core 2010-GB2-GC1 was raised from the Garrison Basin (26.67°N, 93.92°W) at a water depth of 1776 meters (m), aboard the R/V Cape Hatteras in April 2010. An age model was built using a Monte Carlo approach on the Bayesian posterior ages from 15 radiocarbon measurements on upper-ocean planktic foraminifera. Researchers measured the δ18O (number (n) = 265) and magnesium to-calcium (Mg/Ca) ratio (n = 275) composition in the calcareous shells of the white variety of planktic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber (hereafter G. ruber). For this study, researchers did not discriminate between different morphotypes of G. ruber. Approximately 70-100 individual shells were picked from 0.5 centimeter (cm) sediment intervals (corresponding to an average time resolution of ∼45 years (yrs) per sample), after which they were gently crushed and homogenized. A large fraction of this mixture was kept aside for trace metal analysis whereas the remnant portion was used for stable isotope analysis, which was performed on an isotope ratio mass spectrometer housed at the University of Texas at Austin. All δ18O values are reported in permil relative to the Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite standard notation (‰, VPDB). Based on an external standard, NBS-19 (n = 89), the 1σ analytical precision was ±0.03‰ for δ13C and ±0.06‰ for δ18O, consistent with the long-term precision of the instrumental setup (0.06‰ for δ13C and 0.08‰ for δ18O). Note that reconstructed and observed δ18Osw values are reported in permil relative to the Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water notation (‰, VSMOW). Elemental ratios were measured at the USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC) following established foraminiferal cleaning techniques (Barker and others, 2003; note that the reductive cleaning step was not used). Mg/Ca analysis was performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry utilizing protocols similar to those reported in Thirumalai and others (2018). Along with an internal gravimetric standard which was used to monitor drift and accuracy, repeat measurements on external, matrix-matched standards yielded an analytical precision of ±0.15% (1σ = 0.02 mmol mol−1). Researchers inferred sampling uncertainty from replicate measurements of different sets of G. ruber tests from the same sample depth (n = 30), which was ±3% (0.10 mmol/mol) and ±0.08‰ respectively for Mg/Ca and δ18O analysis. Both analytical and sampling uncertainty were taken into account while computing SST and δ18Osw. Process_Date: 2018 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Radiocarbon_dates.csv, Radiocarbon_dates.xlsx Entity_Type_Definition: Comma-separated values (.csv) and Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) files containing core samples, depths, materials, and uncalibrated 14C Age attribute information for the mixed planktic samples collected from Garrison Basin in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: SI. No. Attribute_Definition: Sample number given to each sample measured. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 14 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Core Sample Attribute_Definition: Name of each core sample taken. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Refers to the specific year, basin, core type collected and depth. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Depth lower (cm) Attribute_Definition: Depth in centimeters (cm) the core was collected. Lower refers to the lowest interval collected in the sample (0). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 250 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Depth upper (cm) Attribute_Definition: Depth in centimeters (cm) the core was collected. Upper refers to the highest interval collected in the sample (.5). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.5 Range_Domain_Maximum: 250.5 Attribute: Attribute_Label: mid-Depth (cm) Attribute_Definition: Depth in centimeters (cm) the core was collected. Mid refers to the middle interval collected in the sample (.25). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.25 Range_Domain_Maximum: 250.25 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Material Attribute_Definition: The type of material used to get radiocarbon date. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Mixed Planktics Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Mixed planktic were used for radiocarbon dating. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Uncalibrated ¹⁴C Age Attribute_Definition: Uncalibrated ¹⁴C Age in years before present (B.P.) that was determined using radiocarbon dating techniques. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 805 Range_Domain_Maximum: 18480 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Error Attribute_Definition: Error related to Uncalibrated ¹⁴C Age in years before present (B.P) that was determined using radiocarbon dating techniques. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 25 Range_Domain_Maximum: 40 Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Foram_geochemistry.csv, Foram_geochemistry.xlsx Entity_Type_Definition: Comma-separated values (.csv) and Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) files containing foraminifera (Globigerinoides ruber (white variety)) geochemistry data attribute information associated with sediment core 2010-GB2-GC1 Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Depth Attribute_Definition: Depth in centimeters (cm) the sample was collected. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.25 Range_Domain_Maximum: 127.75 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Age Attribute_Definition: Calibrated Radiocarbon age in years before present (B.P.) Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 526.80 Range_Domain_Maximum: 11720.88 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Mg/Ca Attribute_Definition: Measured Mg/Ca in mmol/mol Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 3.13 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.44 Attribute: Attribute_Label: δ18 O Attribute_Definition: Measured δ18O of carbonate. Value of “nan” represents no data collected. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -2.19 Range_Domain_Maximum: -0.23 Attribute: Attribute_Label: δ13 C Attribute_Definition: Measured δ13C of carbonate. Value of “nan” represents no data collected. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.26 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.75 Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the dataset. Please review the detailed descriptions that are provided (the individual attribute descriptions) for information on the values that appear as fields/table entries of the dataset. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: Julie Richey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8123 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jrichey@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Radiocarbon_dates.csv, Radiocarbon_dates.xlsx, Foram_geochemistry.csv, Foram_geochemsitry.xlsx Distribution_Liability: Distributor assumes no liability for misuse of data. This publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: CSV, XLSX Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P9Q5L9VU/data/Radiocarbon_dates.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P9Q5L9VU/data/Foram_geochemistry.zip Fees: None. No fees are applicable for obtaining the dataset. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20210922 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Julie Richey Contact_Position: Research Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8123 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jrichey@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998