Radon-222 Time-Series Data Related to Submarine Groundwater Discharge Along the Western Margin of Indian River Lagoon, Florida

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Radon-222 Time-Series Data Related to Submarine Groundwater Discharge Along the Western Margin of Indian River Lagoon, Florida
Abstract:
Indian River Lagoon (IRL) is one of the most biologically diverse estuarine systems in the continental United States, stretching 200 kilometers (km) along the Atlantic coast of central Florida. The width of the lagoon varies between 0.5–9.0 km and is characterized by shallow, brackish waters with significant human development along both shores. Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, working in collaboration with the St. Johns River Water Management District, collected time-series of surface water radon-222 (radon-in-water) during two sampling periods in 2017 to investigate submarine groundwater discharge at Indian River Lagoon (IRL). Time-series radon data were collected at two sites, Eau Gallie North and Riverwalk Park, along the western shore of IRL. Eau Gallie North (EGN) is near the central section of IRL while Riverwalk Park (RWP) is approximately 20 km north of the Eau Gallie site. Stationary instrument moorings were deployed concurrently with continuous radon surface water mapping along shore-parallel transects conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in May, September and November surveys outlined in previously published data releases (https://doi.org/10.5066/F7QF8S05 and https://doi.org/10.5066/F76Q1WG4). At each of the two study sites, a nearshore mooring (~10 meters (m) from shore) and an offshore mooring (~80-120 m from shore) were deployed to collect time-series of surface water radon-222 for six days. Surface water was continuously pumped into an air-water exchanger, where dissolved radon-222 was purged from the water into a gaseous phase inside the exchanger. Radon-222 in the exchanger was continuously pumped into and measured by a commercially available radon-in-air detector (RAD7, Durridge, Inc). Water temperatures in the exchanger, as well as water level and conductivity, were measured every 5 minutes. Radon-in-air measurements were corrected to radon-in-water activities using the temperature-salinity dependent air-water partitioning coefficient (Schubert and others, 2012). This data release contains the radon-222 time-series data, water temperature, conductivity, salinity and water level data collected during the mooring deployments of the May 2017, September 2017, and November 2017 surveys.
Supplemental_Information:
The studies used two RAD7 units for the nearshore (RAD7 serial number 1222) and offshore moorings (1051). Each mooring consisted of one RAD7 unit, one RAD Aqua, one Solinst Levelogger and one Lascar Electronics Easy Log temperature probe. The equipment serial numbers used for each mooring during all studies are noted in ‘Radon_Time-Series_SiteInfo.csv’.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Everhart, Cheyenne S., Smith, Christopher G., and Zaremba, Nicholas J., 20181120, Radon-222 Time-Series Data Related to Submarine Groundwater Discharge Along the Western Margin of Indian River Lagoon, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release doi:10.5066, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.687200
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.61961
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 28.268517
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 28.11545
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 22-May-2017
    Ending_Date: 06-Nov-2017
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Tabular digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.0197951458. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.0223282738. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal Degrees. The horizontal datum used is D WGS 1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS 1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Radon_Time-Series_May_2017.zip
    Comma-separated values files containing the raw time-series RAD7 data, LTC data, Easy Log USB temperature probe data and compiled data including the Rn-222 activities collected from Indian River Lagoon, FL, May 2017 (USGS FAN 2017-328-FA) are provided. (Source: USGS)
    Radon_Time-Series_SeptNov_2017.zip
    Comma-separated values files containing the raw time-series RAD7 data, LTC data, Easy Log USB temperature probe data and compiled data including the Rn-222 activities collected from Indian River Lagoon, FL, September and November 2017 (USGS FAN 2017-342-FA) are provided. (Source: USGS)
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    The detailed attribute descriptions for the raw time-series RAD7, LTC, Easy Log USB temperature probe data files and compiled Rn-222 time-series data are provided in the included data dictionaries (DataDictionary-RAD7.pdf, DataDictionary-LTC.pdf, DataDictionary-EasyLogUSB.pdf, and DataDictionary-Rn222.pdf, respectively). The metadata are not complete without these .pdf files.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Cheyenne S. Everhart
    • Christopher G. Smith
    • Nicholas J. Zaremba
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data. The authors wish to thank Paul Nelson for his assistance in data collection. This document was improved by the scientific and metadata reviews of Marci Marot and Arnell Forde.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Christopher G. Smith
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL

    727-502-8000 (voice)
    cgsmith@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

Dissemination of radon-222 time-series, water temperature, conductivity, salinity and water level data collected from Indian River Lagoon, FL from May, September, and November 2017 (USGS Field Activity Numbers [FAN] 2017-328-FA and 2017-342-FA).

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2017 (process 1 of 7)
    During May, September, and November 2017, surface water radon time-series were continuously collected using nearshore and offshore instrument moorings at two study sites in the Indian River Lagoon, FL. The nearshore moorings monitored radon-222 at approximately 10 m from the western shoreline. The offshore mooring installed at Eau Gallie North (EGN) was located on a dock for the May survey and monitored radon-222 at 80 m from the western shoreline while the Riverwalk Park (RWP) offshore mooring was positioned on an inflatable boat approximately 120 m from the western shoreline. During the September survey, the dock previously used at EGN had been destroyed by Hurricane Irma resulting in the EGN offshore mooring using the inflatable boat at the location of the missing dock. The moorings were deployed for approximately six days. Deployment was concurrent with surface-water radon-222 mapping occurring at each site outlined in previously published U.S. Geological Survey data releases (https://doi.org/10.5066/F7QF8S05 and https://doi.org/10.5066/F76Q1WG4). The locations of the nearshore moorings were adjusted between May and September/November due to increased water level and changes to the shoreline terrain in the aftermath of Hurricane Irma, in early September. The offshore mooring at RWP in September was deployed for only four days. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Christopher G. Smith
    Research Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8000 (voice)
    cgsmith@usgs.gov
    Date: 2017 (process 2 of 7)
    Surface-water radon-222 (radon in water) time-series were collected using two nearshore and offshore instrument moorings. The methodology was modelled after similar RAD7 detector systems used for continuous radon in water monitoring within the coastal ocean (Burnett and others, 2001; Dulaiova and others, 2005; Hosono and others, 2012; Reich, 2009; Smith and Robbins, 2012). Each mooring consisted of a commercial radon-in-air detector, RAD7, made by Durridge Company, Inc., forming a closed air tubing system where an air stream was supplied by a RAD Aqua air-water exchanger, also manufactured by Durridge, Inc. A bilge pump delivered a constant stream of water to the air-water exchanger. The RAD Aqua passed the incoming water stream through spray nozzles into the spray chamber where the RAD7’s internal pump distributed the gas through the closed loop and passed it through a Drierite (manufactured by W.A. Hammond Drierite Co. Ltd.) desiccant column, before reaching the detector. In “Normal” mode, the RAD7 analyzes radon-222 (Rn-222) activity by measuring Radon’s alpha emitting daughters of Rn-222, Polonium-214 and Polonium-218; however, during surveys only “Sniff” mode was utilized, which determines new Rn-222 by the shorter-lived Po-218 and provides a more rapid response. The RAD7 was run on a 30-minute measurement cycle. For the nearshore mooring, the bilge pump supplying water to the exchanger extended ~10 m from the shoreline where the RAD7 detector and RAD Aqua were setup at an elevated position onshore to avoid water entering the instrument or Drierite. The bilge pump was placed inside a half-cinderblock to secure the pump’s position and a sediment filter was attached to the bilge to prevent sediment clogging. The sediment filter was emptied at the start of each day of mooring deployment. For the EGN May survey, the offshore mooring was setup on a dock positioned ~80 m offshore, which was destroyed by Hurricane Irma and unusable for the later survey. For the EGN September survey, the inflatable boat was positioned in the same location as the destroyed dock. The bilge pump was suspended ~40 cm below the water surface with an attached dive weight. For the RWP offshore mooring, the inflatable boat was positioned ~120 m offshore. A sediment filter was also attached to the offshore bilges to prevent clogging but did not require emptying each day due to its distance from the bottom of the lagoon. Two 12-volt marine batteries were used for each mooring to power the RAD7 and bilge pump. All batteries were swapped out at the start of each deployment day (every 24 hours) with fully charged batteries. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Christopher G. Smith
    Research Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8000 (voice)
    cgsmith@usgs.gov
    Date: 2017 (process 3 of 7)
    The solubility of Rn-222 in water is dependent on water temperature and salinity (Schubert and others, 2012). Water temperature within the RAD Aqua chamber was recorded by a Lascar Electronics Easy Log USB temperature probe. A Solinst M10 model Levelogger (LTC) was used to record water level, in-situ temperature and conductivity every five minutes. For the nearshore mooring, the LTC was attached to the bilge inside the cinderblock. For the offshore mooring, the LTC was attached to the anchor securing the inflatable boat. A handheld Garmin GPSMAP 78sc was used to collect waypoints of the mooring locations. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Christopher G. Smith
    Research Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8000 (voice)
    cgsmith@usgs.gov
    Date: 2017 (process 4 of 7)
    Data were downloaded from the instruments in the field at the end of each six-day deployment. LTC data were downloaded using the Solinst Levelogger software, version 4.3.0. The Easy Log USB data was downloaded using the Easy Log USB Software, version 6.6 (registered trademark, Lascar Electronics). To help facilitate data consolidation, analyses and archival (in a non-proprietary format) the downloaded data were exported from each sensor's internal memory and saved as comma-separated values (.csv) files. CAPTURE software (registered trademark, Durridge, Inc.) was used to download the raw RAD7 files (.r7raw) in the field. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Christopher G. Smith
    Research Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8000 (voice)
    cgsmith@usgs.gov
    Date: 2017 (process 5 of 7)
    The radon in air (measured in disintegrations per minute per liter [(dpm/L)]), 2-sigma uncertainty (dpm/L), and Easy Log USB water temperature data matched to the RAD7 time were computed in the CAPTURE software package and exported. The stop time of the 30-minute cycle, referred to as the RAD7 end time, was used to interpolate all other parameters. Salinity was computed using Seawater Calculator v3.2 software (registered trademark, CSIRO) in MATLAB (registered trademark, MathWorks), assuming 0 m depth and a normalized conductivity for a salinity of 35 at 15 degrees Celsius. Reported water levels from the LTC pressure sensor were corrected for atmospheric pressure using meteorological data downloaded from Weather Underground website (https://www.wunderground.com) for the Melbourne International Airport weather station (KMLB). Atmospheric pressure, windspeed, and wind direction were reported as hourly values for the bulk of the record with some occasional higher resolution periods present. Atmospheric pressure, windspeed, wind direction, water level and salinity were interpolated to the RAD7 end time using the nearest neighbor method in MATLAB. For some of the wind direction records from Weather Underground the wind was too calm to collect wind direction data. For those instances, ‘N/A’ was reported when the wind directions were not available. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Christopher G. Smith
    Research Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8000 (voice)
    cgsmith@usgs.gov
    Date: 2017 (process 6 of 7)
    The air-water partitioning coefficient needed to convert the radon in air, derived from CAPTURE software, to radon in water was computed using the water temperature, salinity and the six parameters, a1 to b3, in the Weiss equation as determined by the experiments of Schubert and others (2012). The six unitless parameter values used were a1=-76.14, a2=120.36, a3=31.26, b1=-0.2631, b2=0.1673, and b3=-0.027. The uncertainty value for the radon in water evaluates the contributions of the radon in water value, the uncertainty of the radon in air measurement and the uncertainty of the estimated standard error (7%) for the empirical relationship of air-water partitioning (Schubert and others, 2012). Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Christopher G. Smith
    Research Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8000 (voice)
    cgsmith@usgs.gov
    Date: 13-Oct-2020 (process 7 of 7)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Inc., DURRDIGE Company, 2017, RAD7 Radon Detector User Manual.

    Online Links:

    Inc., DURRIDGE Company, 2015, RAD AQUA Continuous Radon-in-Water Accessory for the RAD7 User Manual.

    Online Links:

    Dulaiova, H., Peterson, R., Burnett, W.C., and Lane-Smith, D., 2005, A Multi-detector Continuous Monitor for Assessment of 222Rn in the Coastal Ocean: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Volume 263, No. 2.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: Pages 361-365
    Burnett, W.C., Kim, G., and Lane-Smith, D., 2001, A Continuous Monitor for Assessment of 222Rn in the Coastal Ocean: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Volume 249, No. 1.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: Pages 167-172
    Schubert, M., Paschke, A., Lieberman, E., and Burnett, W.C., 2012, Air-Water Partitioning of 222Rn and its Dependence on Water Temperature and Salinity: Environmental Science and Technology Volume 46, Issue 7.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: Pages 3905-3911
    Reich, C.D., 2010, Investigation of Submarine Groundwater Discharge Along the Tidal Reach of the Caloosahatchee River, Southwest Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1273.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: Pages 1-20
    Smith, C.G. and Robbins, L.L., 2012, Surface-water Radon-222 Distribution along the West-Central Florida Shelf: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1212.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: Pages 1-26
    Stieglitz, T.C., Cook, P.G., and Burnett, W.C., 2010, Inferring Coastal Processes from Regional-scale Mapping of 222Radon and Salinity: Examples from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity Volume 101.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 544-552
    Hosono, T., Ono, M., Burnett, W.C., Tokunaga, T., Taniguchi, M., and Akimichi, T., 2012, Spatial Distribution of Submarine Groundwater Discharge and Associated Nutrients within a Local Coastal Area: Environmental Science and Technology Volume 46.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 5319-5326

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    All the GPS coordinates for the instrument moorings were recorded using the handheld Garmin GPSMAP 78sc except the EGN and RWP nearshore moorings from May 2017. The handheld accuracy ranges from 3 to 10 meters (m) as outlined by the manufacture when using WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System) coverage. The location coordinates for EGN and RWP nearshore moorings in May 2017 were estimated from the distance to known markers. For the estimated site locations, the along shore uncertainty is 10 m and the uncertainty perpendicular to shore is 7 m. All RAD7 detector units received the recommended annual calibration by Durridge, Inc. Durridge achieves a reproducibility of better than 2% with their standard RAD7 calibration and with the overall calibration accuracy in the range of 5%. A relative humidity of 10% or below was sustained to maintain the high sensitivity of the instrument during radon time-series collection; this was accomplished by placing a drying column of Drierite desiccant in the air path of the system. During the May survey on the morning of 5/23/17, RAD7 unit 1222 was discovered to have a flooded Drierite column and flooded tubing. The RAD7 unit was opened to inspect the interior but no water had entered the detector chamber. After the tubing was dried out and a Drierite column replaced, unit 1222 was reinstalled at the nearshore mooring. This accounts for the gap in the radon-222 time-series data on 5/23/17 from 6:45 AM to 10:11 AM. The level, temperature, and conductivity (LTC) sensors utilized for each survey were the Solinst M10 models with a full scale of 10 m ± 0.5 centimeters (cm). The accuracy of the LTCs was checked twice a year by laboratory inter-comparison prior to deployment. All water levels derived from the LTC pressure readings were corrected for atmospheric pressure using data obtained from a nearby Melbourne Airport weather station (KMLB) and listed on the Weather Underground website (https://www.wunderground.com). On 5/26/17, LTC 1070658 recorded erroneous values for level and temperature from 13:55 to 14:45 and the conductivity values were zero. This section of the LTC 1070658 data reports ‘N/A’ for not available. The Easy Log USB temperature probes were also evaluated by two separate inter-comparisons prior to deployment with the moorings. For the May survey at EGN, water levels were first adjusted according to the manufacturer’s suggested procedure using the atmospheric pressure readings recorded by the KMLB station. The manufacture recommended obtaining adjusted water level measurements by adding 950 cm to the water level values recorded in the field and then subtracting the atmospheric pressure from the measured water level. For the nearshore mooring LTC (1070658), the field observations of water level at the time of setup did not agree with the calculated values. Photographs of the half cinderblock containing the bilge pump show the water level was ~15 cm at the start of mooring deployment while the water level measurement by the logger at the start of deployment (5/22/17 16:10) was 115.8 cm. The best agreement between field observations and the logger’s recorded values was attained by subtracting 100 cm from the measured water levels. The 100 cm offset from the measured water levels is equivalent to subtracting 30.28 cm from the water level calculated using the manufacture suggested method. The EGN offshore LTC (1071718) produced negative water level values; this LTC was deemed unreliable due to the unrealistic data. The 1071718 LTC data files are not reported for either EGN or RWP in May data download files. The offshore water level was assessed by assuming an estimated water depth at the time of deployment of 44 cm based on C.G. Smith’s field observations. The raw water level measurements from the nearshore LTC (1070658) were adjusted by subtracting the recorded water level at the start of deployment for all values and then adding 44 cm. These adjusted water levels are reported in the data release. For the May survey at RWP, the LTC locations were swapped resulting in the more reliable LTC (1070658) sensor being deployed offshore while the unreliable LTC (1071718) was deployed nearshore. The same 100 cm adjusted offset used for the EGN nearshore LTC (1070658) water levels was applied to the RWP offshore LTC (1070658) water levels. The RWP nearshore water levels were adjusted using the same method as the offshore water level for EGN. The depth at the start of deployment was chosen as the time when the nearshore and offshore datasets overlapped (5/29/17 12:15) as the nearshore mooring had been setup a day prior to the offshore mooring. Photographs from the field show the cinderblock containing the LTC near resistivity cable electrodes where the measured water depth was approximately 40 cm. The resistivity cable was used in the concurrent electrical resistivity tomography surveying outlined in another 2018 data release (https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7V40TFH/). The raw water level from the nearshore LTC (1070658) was adjusted by subtracting the recorded water level at start of deployment for all values and adding 40 cm. As the nearshore mooring was deployed almost 24 hours before the offshore mooring, no derived depths will be provided for the nearshore mooring prior to 5/29/17 and ‘N/A’ was reported for not available. Water levels during the September 2017 offshore mooring water level data were not recorded in a fixed position, due to attachment of the LTC to the bilge rather than the inflatable boat’s anchor. The offshore mooring water level data was adjusted by subtracting the nearshore water level at the start of deployment from the nearshore water record and then adding the offshore water level at the start of deployment. The water level data reported in this data release for September 2017 are the adjusted water level values.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    The horizontal accuracy of the mooring locations was determined by the handheld Garmin GPSMAP 78sc. All the GPS coordinates for the moorings were recorded using the handheld Garmin GPSMAP 78sc except the EGN and RWP nearshore moorings from May 2017. The handheld accuracy ranges from 3 to 10 m as outlined by the manufacture when using Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) coverage. The nearshore mooring location coordinates in May 2017 were estimated using field photographs and the GPS coordinates of the shoreline and resistivity cable electrodes used in the concurrent electrical resistivity tomography surveying outlined in another 2018 data release (https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7V40TFH/). For the estimated site locations, the along shore uncertainty is 10 m and the uncertainty perpendicular to shore is 7 m.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    The vertical positional accuracy of the water level measurements was determined by the Solinst Levelogger (LTC). The LTCs were the Solinst M10 models with a maximum depth of 10 m ± 0.5 cm.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    This is a complete raw data set for all radon-222, water level, water temperature, conductivity, salinity data and calculated radon-222 activities collected from Indian River Lagoon in May, September, and November 2017 (USGS Field Activity Numbers [FAN] 2017-328-FA and 2017-342-FA). Data collection for 2017-342-FA had to be divided into two different trips, September and November, due to unfavorable weather conditions for mooring deployment after data collection at the first site, Eau Gallie North, was completed in September.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    This dataset contains the raw RAD7, LTC, and Easy Log USB data files produced by the RAD7s (Durridge, Inc.), the Solinst Levelogger (LTC) and the Easy Log USB (Lascar Electronics) temperature probes. All supplementary field notes are available upon request.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of the data in future products or derivative research. Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Christopher G. Smith
    Research Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL

    727-502-8000 (voice)
    cgsmith@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    This publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    The data tables are provided as comma-separated values text files (.csv). The .csv data file contains the tabular data in plain text and may be viewed with a standard text editor. Portable Document Format (PDF) files can be viewed using the free software Adobe Acrobat Reader (http://get.adobe.com/reader).

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 16-Nov-2021
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey
Attn: Christopher G. Smith
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL

727-502-8000 (voice)
cgsmith@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/spcmsc/Radon_Time-Series_metadata.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Tue Nov 16 12:26:39 2021