Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: James S. Evans Originator: Christina A. Kellogg Originator: Julie J. Voelschow Publication_Date: 20240327 Title: Testing Treatments Against Parasitic Scuticociliate (Philaster apodigitiformis) that Causes Mass Mortality Among Sea Urchins (Diadema antillarum) - Results Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: James S. Evans Originator: Christina A. Kellogg Originator: Julie J. Voelschow Publication_Date: 20240327 Title: Testing Treatments Against Parasitic Scuticociliate (Philaster apodigitiformis) that Causes Mass Mortality Among Sea Urchins (Diadema antillarum) - Results Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey data release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P9D3CY2X Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, Florida Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9D3CY2X Description: Abstract: The information contained in this data release are the results observed and collected during an experiment that tested the efficacy of nine compounds (2’4’ dihydroxychalcone, bithionol sulfoxide, carnidazole, furaltadone, plumbagin, oxyclozanide, quinacrine, tomatine, and toltrazuril), previously found to be effective against the parasitic ciliate family Philasteridae (Iglesias and others, 2002; Sueiro and others, 2022). One commercially available product (Kordon Ich Attack) was also tested, however was omitted from these data as it was not effective at the highest dosage trialed (100 microliters [µL] of the product in 900 µL ciliate culture). The efficacy of the compounds was tested by applying each to subcultures of Philaster apodigitiformis (strain FWC2) originally isolated from coelomic fluid of Diadema antillarum specimen collected from a reef in Key Largo, Florida (FL) on June 15th, 2022 (Hewson, and others, 2023). The compounds were tested at the U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (USGS SPCMSC), Coral Microbial Ecology Laboratory in St. Petersburg, FL, USA between November 2022 and August 2023. Prior to treatment, the compounds were dissolved in either dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or sterile deionized water (DI) to create 20 millimolar (mM) stocks, and further diluted in sterile artificial seawater (ASW) to generate 1 mM working stocks. These working stocks were then used to create final testing concentrations of 100 micromolar (µM), 50 µM, 25 µM, 12.5 µM, 6.25 µM, and 3.13 µM for each run of the experiment. Controls included 1000 µL of unamended culture and 900 µL culture plus either: 100 µL ASW, 100 µL DMSO diluted in ASW to the highest concentration used in the drug trials (i.e., 10 µL DMSO in 190 µL ASW), or 100 µL DI water diluted in ASW to the highest concentration used in the drug trials (i.e., 10 µL DI in 190 µL ASW). Compounds identified to be effective within 24 hours were then trialed for 15-minute exposure periods. Each potentially effective compound was tested at its highest dosage (100 µM) by mixing 90 µL of scuticociliate culture and 10 µL of 1 mM stock solution on a Sedgwick Rafter chamber and observing the mixture continuously for 15 minutes using a Meiji Techno EMZ-13 microscope. Each successful treatment was then trialed again for 15 minutes at 50% the previous concentration. During this experiment, only quinacrine and tomatine showed potential for further testing. Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to test these compounds for their ability to cause 100% mortality in a laboratory culture of the scuticociliate Philaster apodigitiformis in a short period of time. Identifying successful compounds is the first step toward developing a field-deployable treatment against Diadema Scuticociliatosis (DaSc). Supplemental_Information: For more information about this experiment, please refer to the associated journal article by Evans and others (2024). Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20221101 Ending_Date: 20220816 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Florida Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.638 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.637 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 27.7637 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 27.7636 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:d5ff1645-a6df-473a-ac5a-1405d4baee1d Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: biota Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: marine biology Theme_Keyword: laboratory methods Theme_Keyword: microbiology Theme_Keyword: echinoderms Theme_Keyword: reef ecosystems Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: Florida Keys Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: Gulf of Mexico Access_Constraints: None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. Use_Constraints: None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Christina A. Kellogg Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Research Microbiologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing Address: 600 4th St. South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8128 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ckellogg@usgs.gov Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: James S. Evans Originator: Julie J. Voelschow Originator: Isabella T. Ritchie Originator: Mya Breitbart Originator: Ian Hewson Originator: Christina A. Kellogg Publication_Date: 20230328 Title: Evaluation of in vitro treatments against the causative agent of Diadema antillarum scuticociliatosis (DaSc) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms Issue_Identification: Volume 157 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03776 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Ian Hewson Originator: Isabella T. Ritchie Originator: James S. Evans Originator: Ashley Altera Originator: Donald Behringer Originator: Erin Bowman Originator: Marilyn Brandt Originator: Kayla A. Budd Originator: Ruleo A. Camacho Originator: Tomas O. Cornwell Originator: Peter D. Countway Originator: Aldo Croquer Originator: Gabriel A. Delgado Originator: Christopher DeRito Originator: Elizabeth Duermit-Moreau Originator: Ruth Francis-Floyd Originator: Samuel Gittens Originator: Leslie Henderson Originator: Alwin Hylkema Originator: Christina A. Kellogg Originator: Yasunari Kiryu Originator: Kimani A. Kitson-Walters Originator: Patricia Kramer Originator: Judith C. Lang Originator: Harilaos Lessios Originator: Lauren Liddy Originator: David Marancik Originator: Stephen Nimrod Originator: Joshua T. Patterson Originator: Marit Pistor Originator: Isabel C. Romero Originator: Rita Sellares-Blasco Originator: Moriah L. B. Sevier Originator: William C. Sharp Originator: Matthew Souza Originator: Andreina Valdez-Trinidad Originator: Marijn van der Laan Originator: Brayan Vilanova-Cuevas Originator: Maria Villalpando Originator: Sarah D. Von Hoene Originator: Matthew Warham Originator: Tom Wijers Originator: Stacey M. Williams Originator: Thierry M. Work Originator: Roy P. Yanong Originator: Someira Zambrano Originator: Alizee Zimmermann Originator: Mya Breitbart Publication_Date: 20230419 Title: A scuticociliate causes mass mortality of Diadema antillarum in the Caribbean Sea Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: Science Advances Issue_Identification: Volume 9, Issue 16 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adg3200 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Raul Iglesias Originator: A. Parama Originator: M. F. Alverez Originator: Jose Manuel Leiro Publication_Date: 20020603 Title: Antiprotozoals effective in vitro against the scuticociliate fish pathogen Philasterides dicentrarchi Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms Issue_Identification: Volume 49, Issue 3 Other_Citation_Details: Pages 191-197 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3354/dao049191 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Rosa Ana Sueiro Originator: Jose Manuel Leiro Originator: Veronica Blanco-Abad Originator: Jos Raaijmakers Originator: Irene de Bruijn Originator: Ron P. H. Dirks Originator: Jesus Lamas Publication_Date: 20220218 Title: Plant- and bacteria-derived compounds with anti- Philasterides dicentrarchi activity Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: MDPI Issue_Identification: Volume 11, issue 2 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11020267 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. Logical_Consistency_Report: No formal logical consistency tests were conducted. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Initial testing of potential treatments: Between November 2022 and August 2023, potential treatments were tested at the USGS SPCMSC Coral Microbial Ecology Laboratory. Working stocks were used to create final testing concentrations of 100 µM, 50 µM, 25 µM, 12.5 µM, 6.25 µM, and 3.13 µM for each run of the experiment. Compounds were tested using subcultured coelomic fluid extracted from infected Diadema antillarum specimens. Any compounds that were identified to be effective within 24 hours (2’4’ dihydroxychalcone, bithionol sulfoxide, carnidazole, furaltadone, plumbagin, oxyclozanide, quinacrine, and tomatine) were determined to be potentially of value for field application and subjected to further testing. Process_Date: 20230801 Process_Step: Process_Description: Final testing of potential treatments: 2’4’ dihydroxychalcone, bithionol sulfoxide, carnidazole, furaltadone, plumbagin, oxyclozanide, quinacrine, and tomatine were all trialed for 15 minutes at their highest dosage (100 µM). Only two compounds, quinacrine and tomatine, were effective at that dosage after 15 minutes. An additional 15 minute trial was run at 50 µM for both compounds, with only tomatine being effective. Tomatine was then trialed at 25 µM for 15 minutes and found to be ineffective. Results from the experiment were compiled into a comma separated values (.csv) and Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) file for publication in this data release. Process_Date: 20230816 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The entity and attribute descriptions for the Scuticociliate_Treatment_Results data file (.csv and .xlsx) included in this data release are detailed in a data dictionary, Scuticociliate_Treatment_DataDictionary.docx. A copy of the data files and data dictionary are included in the data zip file, Scuticociliate_Treatment.zip. These metadata are not complete without this file, and users should refer to the data dictionary when viewing the data file. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: USGS SPCMSC Data Management Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Scuticociliate_Treatment_Results.csv, Scuticociliate_Treatment_Results.xlsx Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: comma-delimited text, Microsoft Excel format, Microsoft Word format Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P9D3CY2X/data/Scuticociliate_Treatment.zip Fees: None Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20240327 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: USGS SPCMSC Data Management Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999