Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Joseph F. Terrano Originator: Kathryn E.L. Smith Publication_Date: 20210723 Title: Vectorized marsh shorelines derived from high resolution aerial imagery for the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve in Mississippi from 2014-2020 Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Vector Digital Data Set (Polyline) Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Joseph F. Terrano Originator: Kathryn E.L. Smith Originator: Jonathan L. Pitchford Originator: Michael Archer Originator: Michael Brochard Publication_Date: 20210723 Title: Shorelines from High-resolution WorldView Satellite Imagery, Real-time Kinematic Global Positioning Data, and Aerial Imagery for 2013 to 2020 for Study Sites Within Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Mississippi Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey data release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P9W8TNQM Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, Florida Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W8TNQM Description: Abstract: Shoreline change analysis is an important environmental monitoring tool for evaluating coastal exposure to erosion hazards, particularly for vulnerable habitats such as coastal wetlands where habitat loss is problematic world-wide. The increasing availability of high-resolution satellite imagery and emerging developments in analysis techniques support the implementation of these data into coastal management, including shoreline monitoring and change analysis. Geospatial shoreline data were created from a semi-automated methodology using WorldView (WV) satellite data between 2013 and 2020. The data were compared to contemporaneous field-surveyed Real-time Kinematic (RTK) Global Positioning System (GPS) data collected by the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (GBNERR) and digitized shorelines from U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) orthophotos. Field data for shoreline monitoring sites was also collected to aid interpretation of results. This data release contains digital vector shorelines, shoreline change calculations for all three remote sensing data sets, and field surveyed data. The data will aid managers and decision-makers in the adoption of high-resolution satellite imagery into shoreline monitoring activities, which will increase the spatial scale of shoreline change monitoring, provide rapid response to evaluate impacts of coastal erosion, and reduce cost of labor-intensive practices. For further information regarding data collection and/or processing methods, refer to the associated journal article (Smith and others, 2021). Purpose: This dataset contains shorelines digitized from NAIP imagery. The purpose of these data is for the calculation of shoreline change for marsh shorelines of the GBNERR from 2013-2020. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20141015 Ending_Date: 20200616 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.466546 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.391946 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.387813 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.325087 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:51a175dc-197f-4a12-a120-5acc5ac699a7 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: shoreline data Theme_Keyword: shoreline map Theme_Keyword: global positioning system Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme_Keyword: aerial photography Theme_Keyword: digitization Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: boundaries Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve Place_Keyword: Gulf of Mexico Place_Keyword: USA Place_Keyword: Mississippi Place_Keyword: MS Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of the data in future products or derivative research. This metadata record should be reviewed in its entirety to ensure specific data are suitable for other studies. Aerial imagery was downloaded from the USGS Earth Explorer website and is not published in this data release. Aerial imagery through Earth Explorer is publicly available and free to download (Earth Explorer, 2021). Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey St Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: Joseph F. Terrano Contact_Position: Researcher III Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8047 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jterrano@contractor.usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices. Sharing of new data layers developed directly from these data would also be appreciated by the U.S. Geological Survey staff. Users should be aware that comparisons with other datasets for the same area from other time periods may be inaccurate due to inconsistencies resulting from changes in photointerpretation, mapping conventions, and digital processes over time. These data are not legal documents and are not to be used as such. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1909 (Build 18363.1441); Esri ArcGIS 10.5.1 (Build 7333) Service Pack N/A (Build N/A); AMBUR Version 4.0.4 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Hapke, C.J., Himmelstoss, E.A., Kratzmann, M.G., List, J.H. and Thieler, E.R. Publication_Date: 2011 Title: National assessment of shoreline change: Historical shoreline change along the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2010-1118 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101118 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Jackson, C.W., Jr. Publication_Date: 2010 Title: Basic User Guide for the AMBUR package for R, version 1.0a Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Unknown Publisher: Unknown Other_Citation_Details: User guide includes requirements for shorelines that are to be run through Analyzing Moving Boundaries Using R (AMBUR) Online_Linkage: http://ambur.r-forge.r-project.org/user/ambur%20basic%20user%20guide%201_0a.pdf Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Smith, K.E.L., Terrano, J.F., Pitchford, J.L., Archer, M. Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Coastal wetland shoreline change monitoring: A comparison of shorelines from high-resolution WorldView satellite imagery, aerial imagery, and field surveys Series_Information: Series_Name: Special Issue; New Insights into Ecosystem Monitoring Using Geospatial Techniques Issue_Identification: Unknown Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Basel, Switzerland Publisher: MDPI; Remote Sensing Other_Citation_Details: Associated journal article with additional methodology, data analysis, and results. Online_Linkage: Unknown Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Earth Explorer Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Repository used to acquire remotely sensed imagery (NAIP). Contact the USGS Earth Resources Observation & Science Center (EROS) for imagery questions and downloads. Online_Linkage: https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/ Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. Logical_Consistency_Report: Vector shoreline features and attributes were checked for completeness and accuracy within ArcGIS. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented. Some dated shorelines do not have complete coverage over the entire study area. GPS shorelines were only collected at specific sites and do not cover the entire study area. NAIP shorelines were digitized to match GPS site locations and do not represent full shorelines. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the dataset has not been conducted. Elevation and water levels were not addressed in this study. For additional information on data collection techniques, see the source metadata. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Several factors may influence the accuracy and uncertainty of shoreline position for vegetated shorelines, such as water level. Water level at the time of imagery collection was not taken into account when deriving shorelines. Published general uncertainty estimates for shorelines were used for all shorelines in this study based on the data source (satellite derived, aerial imagery, GPS). Aerial image (AI) shorelines were checked along study area shorelines within ArcGIS to ensure the land/water digitization was correct. The digitized shorelines have potential variations in shoreline positions from other published data due to image interpretation differences. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Joseph F. Terrano and Kathryn E.L. Smith Publication_Date: 20210723 Title: Aerial image shorelines of the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve from 2014 to 2020 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St Petersburg, Florida Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Shorelines derived from National Agricultural imagery program (NAIP) aerial imagery. Not all dates have complete study area coverage. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W8TNQM Type_of_Source_Media: digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20141015 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20160624 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20181204 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20191117 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20200616 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Shorelines_AI_2014_2020.shp Source_Contribution: Shorelines derived from NAIP imagery and published as part of this study (https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W8TNQM). Process_Step: Process_Description: NAIP imagery were downloaded from EarthExplorer for dates between 2014 and 2020 that were close in date to select GPS shoreline dates. Images with minimal study area coverage were excluded from the analyses. A total of five dated images were selected. Imagery was reprojected into the North American Datum of 1983 Universal Transverse Mercator zone 16N (NAD1983 UTM 16N). Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: High resolution aerial imagery derived shorelines for 2014-2020. Process_Date: 2021 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Joseph Terrano Contact_Position: Researcher III Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St.Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8047 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jterrano@contractor.usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: To generate vector shorelines from NAIP images, the imagery was heads-up digitized within ArcMap 10.5.1 at a scale of 1:1,500. Shorelines were digitized to correspond with the locations of the eleven GPS study sites. The ArcGIS editor toolbar was used to digitize the shorelines at the land/water boundary (for vegetated shorelines) ) or the approximate wet/dry line (for sandy beach shorelines). Process_Date: 2021 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Joseph F. Terrano Contact_Position: Researcher III Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St.Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8047 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jterrano@contractor.usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Shorelines were compiled from all available data sources as both previously published shorelines or ones created for this study. Regardless of the data source, shorelines were edited in ArcGIS (version 10.5) so that only the desired shorelines were included in the final dataset. Once shorelines were edited and checked, all dated shorelines were merged into a single dataset. Attributes were edited to include information regarding the date and source of the original data. Compiled shorelines were processed using the AMBUR (Analyzing Moving Boundaries Using R) statistical package for R (version 4.0.4) tool to add required missing attributes. AMBUR performs shoreline change analysis on vector digital shorelines. All necessary attribute fields must be present in order to run various AMBUR functions; the following fields are required for boundaries: "DATE_", "ACCURACY", "SHORE_LOC", "CLASS_1", "CLASS_2", "CLASS_3", and "GROUP". In order to determine if all the required fields were present in the merged boundary datasets, an AMBUR sub-routine (ambur.check) was used to check all shoreline shapefiles for missing attribute fields. For more information about the AMBUR shoreline requirements see Jackson (2010). Some fields created by AMBUR ("SHORE_LOC", "CLASS_1", "CLASS_2", "CLASS_3", and "GROUP") are required and have null values as placeholders, thus they should not be used for any other analysis outside of AMBUR. Null fields were left in the results as they are required by AMBUR and are needed to replicate our study. Users are advised to review the data to determine if it is suitable for their studies. Process_Date: 2021 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Joseph F. Terrano Contact_Position: Researcher III Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St.Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8047 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jterrano@contractor.usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 64 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 16 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -87.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0 False_Easting: 500000.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.6096 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.6096 Planar_Distance_Units: Meter Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_North_American_1983 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS_1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Shorelines_AI_2014_2020.shp Entity_Type_Definition: Table containing attribute information associated with the 2014 to 2020 Grand Bay MS vectorized marsh shorelines. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Date_ Attribute_Definition: Date imagery was collected for the Mississippi and Alabama coast using the "MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM:SS" format. Additional information can be found in the "Year" field. The HH:MM:SS was set at 3:00:00 PM for all shorelines as a general placeholder. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 10/15/2014 3:00:00PM Range_Domain_Maximum: 06/16/2020 3:00:00PM Attribute: Attribute_Label: Year Attribute_Definition: 4-digit year in which the imagery was collected. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 2014 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2020 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Year Attribute: Attribute_Label: Accuracy Attribute_Definition: A value representing the shoreline position uncertainty associated with the imagery type, aerial imagery, which was used in the shoreline change statistical computations reported by Hapke and others (2011). See the cross reference section of this metadata for more information. As stated above, several factors may influence the accuracy and uncertainty of shoreline position for vegetated shorelines, such as water level. Water level at the time of imagery collection is largely unknown for most historical imagery, therefore USGS staff cannot account for shoreline positional errors associated with water level. Published uncertainty estimates in Hapke and others (2011) are for sandy shorelines but were used for these shorelines. These values should be regarded as less conservative than errors that may account for uncertainty in digitization of vegetated shorelines from aerial imagery. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 5 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Uncertainty of the shoreline position in meters. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Source Attribute_Definition: An identifier for the source of the vector shoreline data. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: USGS Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shoreline data derived by the USGS Coastal and Marine Science Center- St. Petersburg, FL. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Download Attribute_Definition: The web link for the published shoreline data. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: A text string describing the web address of the original imagery. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Notes Attribute_Definition: Any data documentation notes. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: A text string describing the notation. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape_Leng Attribute_Definition: System-generated attribute field, which was automatically created by ArcGIS to indicate the feature length. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 48.017307 Range_Domain_Maximum: 588.680419 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Type Attribute_Definition: An identifier for the source of the vector shoreline data. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: NAIP Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shorelines were derived from NAIP aerial imagery. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the dataset. Please review the detailed descriptions that are provided (the individual attribute descriptions) for information on the values that appear as fields/table entries of the dataset. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the data set. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. For details on AMBUR fields and analysis requirements, see Jackson (2010). Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey St Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: Joseph F. Terrano Contact_Position: Researcher III Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8047 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jterrano@contractor.usgs.gov Resource_Description: Shorelines_AI_2014_2020.shp Distribution_Liability: This digital publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P9W8TNQM/data/Shorelines_AI_2014_2020.zip Fees: None. No fees are applicable for obtaining the dataset. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20210721 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey St Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: Joseph F. Terrano Contact_Position: Researcher III Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8047 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jterrano@contractor.usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time