Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ilsa B. Kuffner Originator: Erich Bartels Originator: Anastasios Stathakopoulos Originator: Ian C. Enochs Originator: Graham Kolodziej Originator: Lauren T. Toth Originator: Derek P. Manzello Publication_Date: 20170214 Title: Experimental data comparing two coral grow-out methods in nursery-raised Acropora cervicornis Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/F7HH6H72 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7HH6H72 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kuffner, I B Originator: Bartels, E Originator: Stathakopoulos, A Originator: Enochs, I C Originator: Kolodziej, G Originator: Toth, L T Originator: Manzello, D P Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Plasticity in skeletal characteristics of nursery-raised staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Publication (Other) Publication_Information: Publication_Place: New York Publisher: Coral Reefs Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-017-1560-2 Description: Abstract: Staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis, is a threatened species and the primary focus of western Atlantic reef-restoration efforts to date. As part of the USGS Coral Reef Ecosystems Studies project (http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/crest/), scientists investigated skeletal characteristics of nursery-grown staghorn coral reared using two commonly used grow-out methods at Mote Tropical Research Laboratory’s offshore nursery. USGS staff compared linear extension, calcification rate, and skeletal density of nursery-raised A. cervicornis branches reared for six months either on blocks attached to substratum or hanging from monofilament line (on PVC “trees”) in the water column. The results demonstrated that branches grown on the substratum had significantly higher skeletal density, measured using computerized tomography (CT), and lower linear extension rates compared to water-column fragments. Calcification rates determined with buoyant weighing were not statistically different between the two grow-out methods, but did vary among coral genotypes. Whereas skeletal density and extension rates were plastic traits that depended on environment, the calcification rate was conserved. Results show that the two rearing methods generate the same amount of calcium-carbonate skeleton but produce colonies with different skeletal characteristics, and suggest that genetically based variability in coral-calcification performance exists. The data resulting from this experiment are provided in this data release and are interpreted in Kuffner et al. (2017). Purpose: These data were obtained from April to October, 2015, to test the hypothesis that skeletal characteristics of the coral Acropora cervicornis depend upon grow-out method when reared in an offshore nursery. These data will be used to inform resource managers and coral-restoration practitioners on the most efficient grow-out methods depending upon the intended purpose of the coral fragments. Supplemental_Information: Scientific research permits: The data herein were collected with permission from the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary under FKNMS-2013-024-A2 (USGS permit) and FKNMS-2011-150-A2 (Mote Marine Laboratory working under authorization of The Nature Conservancy permit). To ensure that USGS-St. Petersburg data management protocols were followed, the two relevant field missions were assigned the following USGS field activity numbers (FAN): 2015-313-FA and 2015-337-FA. Additional survey and data details are available from the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System (CMGDS) at, http://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20150419 Ending_Date: 20151030 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Not planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -81.40013 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -81.40013 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.56275 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.56275 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:b4a3b25d-8cad-470e-afb4-005fa9474342 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Acropora cervicornis Theme_Keyword: coral reef Theme_Keyword: coral growth Theme_Keyword: calcification Theme_Keyword: coral conservation Theme_Keyword: aquatic biology Theme_Keyword: Staghorn coral Theme_Keyword: threatened species Theme_Keyword: coral restoration Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: marine geology Theme_Keyword: coelenterates Theme_Keyword: aquatic biology Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System Place_Keyword: Florida Straits Place_Keyword: Florida Keys Place_Keyword: Florida Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: Monroe County Place_Keyword: Hawk Channel Place_Keyword: Summerland Key Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Science Directory Stratum_Keyword: seafloor Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Temporal_Keyword: Modern Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of these data in future products or derivative research. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ilsa B. Kuffner Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: U.S.A. Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ikuffner@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: Acknowledgment of the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program, as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices for data source is expected. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.3.1 (Build 4959) Service Pack N/A (Build N/A) Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Ilsa B. Kuffner Publication_Date: 20170214 Title: Plasticity in skeletal characteristics of nursery-raised staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis Publication_Information: Publication_Place: New York Publisher: Springer Online_Linkage: Unknown Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Baums IB, Hughes CR, Hellberg MH Publication_Date: 20050310 Title: Mendelian microsatellite loci for the Caribbean coral Acropora palmata Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Luhe, Germany Publisher: Inter-Research, Marine Ecology Progress Series Online_Linkage: http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v288/p115-127/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Baums IB, Johnson ME, Devlin-Durante MK, Miller MW Publication_Date: 20100616 Title: Host population genetic structure and zooxanthellae diversity of two reef-building coral species along the Florida Reef Tract and wider Caribbean Publication_Information: Publication_Place: New York Publisher: Springer - Coral Reefs Online_Linkage: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00338-010-0645-y Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Jokiel PL, Maragos JE, Franzisket L Publication_Date: 1978 Title: Coral growth: buoyant weight technique. In: Stoddart DR, Johannes RE (eds) Coral reefs: research methods Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Paris Publisher: UNESCO Online_Linkage: None Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. Logical_Consistency_Report: No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Acropora cervicornis genotypes were assigned unique identification numbers by Iliana B. Baums (Pennsylvania State University) based upon Mendelian microsatellite loci for the Caribbean coral Acropora palmata (Baums et al. 2005; 2010). Process_Date: 20110101 Process_Step: Process_Description: Coral calcification rates were measured using the buoyant-weight technique by subtracting the sample weight in seawater at the start of the experiment (on April 19, 2015) from the sample weight after 191 days (on October 30, 2015) and calculating dry weight gained per day (mg d-1) using a seawater density of 1.02 g cm-3 and an aragonite density of 2.93 g cm-3 resulting in a conversion equation of Wair = 1.53Wwater (see Jokiel et al. 1978). Because single branch tips of approximately equal size (?1-cm2 planar footprint if standing on end, mean ± 1 standard deviation (SD) diameter of branch tip: 1.2 ± 0.14 cm, original tip height: 6.8 ± 1.7 cm) were used in the experiment, calcification rates were not normalized to any measure of surface area or initial weight. Process_Date: 20151030 Process_Step: Process_Description: Original colony height and total linear extension (increase in colony height plus accumulative length of all new branches) were measured to the nearest 0.1 mm using calipers. Process_Date: 20160509 Process_Step: Process_Description: Skeletal density of the corals was measured by computerized tomography (CT) using a Siemens Somatom Volume Zoom CT scanner at the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory in Miami, Florida. Density of skeleton added during the experimental period was determined using the Amira software package (FEI Company, Inc.) by digitally bisecting the CT image stack at the measured original height of each fragment. Mean of brightness of the entire volume of new growth was converted to real-world skeletal density using aragonite density phantoms. Process_Date: 20160509 Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20201013 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Not applicable Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Staghorn_coral_skeletal_data.csv, Staghorn_coral_skeletal_data.xlsx Entity_Type_Definition: These files contain tabulated data collected in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary from April to October, 2015. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Coral_ID Attribute_Definition: Coral identification number assigned by USGS personnel. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Non-sequential identification number assigned by USGS personnel Attribute: Attribute_Label: Growout_Method Attribute_Definition: A textual description of grow-out method (treatment) employed for this sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Corals grown attached to lines in the water column are labeled “water” and corals grown attached to concrete blocks at the seafloor are labeled “block.” Attribute: Attribute_Label: Genotype_ID_Mote Attribute_Definition: A textual identifier for the genetic identity (genotype) of the coral sample as assigned by Mote Marine Laboratory personnel. Attribute_Definition_Source: Mote Marine Laboratory Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: A textual identifier for the genetic identity (genotype) of the coral sample as assigned by Mote Marine Laboratory personnel. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Genotype_ID_Baums Attribute_Definition: Genotype identification number assigned by Iliana B. Baums (Pennsylvania State University) based upon genetic data as determined using Mendelian microsatellite loci (see “Process” for details). Attribute_Definition_Source: Pennsylvania State University Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: A textual identifier of the unique genotype of the coral sample as defined by Baums. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Branch_original_width_mm Attribute_Definition: Width (equal to maximum diameter) of the original, single-branch coral colony in mm Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 8.4 Range_Domain_Maximum: 15.6 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: mm Attribute: Attribute_Label: Height_original_cm Attribute_Definition: Height of the original, single-branch colony in cm Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 2.28 Range_Domain_Maximum: 9.00 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: cm Attribute: Attribute_Label: Calcif_mg_day Attribute_Definition: Average calcification rate (mg / day) per coral sample measured using the buoyant-weight method during the 191-day experimental period (April 19 to October 30, 2015) Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 18.5 Range_Domain_Maximum: 75.5 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: milligrams per day (mg / day) Attribute: Attribute_Label: Skeletal_density_g_cm3 Attribute_Definition: Skeletal density (g / cubic cm) of skeleton produced during the experimental period measured by computerized tomography (CT) Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.05 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.45 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: grams per cubic cm (g / cm3) Attribute: Attribute_Label: Total_linear_extension_added_cm Attribute_Definition: Net total linear extension of all branches (sum of extension of each new branch and net length added to original branch in cm) added during the 191-day experimental period (April 19 to October 30, 2015). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 4.2 Range_Domain_Maximum: 20.1 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: cm Attribute: Attribute_Label: Number_new_branches Attribute_Definition: Number of coral branches added by the original, single-branch colony during the 191-day experimental period (April 19 to October 30, 2015). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 9 Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular associated with the dataset. Please review the detailed descriptions that are provided (the individual attribute descriptions) for information on these data. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: The entity and attribute information was generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ilsa B. Kuffner Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: U.S.A. Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ikuffner@usgs.gov Distribution_Liability: This publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: XLSX, CSV (Comma Separated Values) Format_Version_Number: Excel 2010 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7HH6H72/data/Staghorn_coral_skeletal_data.zip Fees: None. No fees are applicable for obtaining the data set. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20201013 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ilsa B. Kuffner Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Research Marine Biologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: U.S.A. Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8048 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ikuffner@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998