U.S. Geological Survey
20170616
Transects_OpenOcean.shp - Digital Shoreline Analysis System version 4.3 Transects with Linear Regression Rate Calculations for the Open Ocean coast of Dauphin Island, Alabama.
first
vector digital data
U.S. Geological Survey Data Release
doi:10.5066/F7T43RB5
St. Petersburg, FL
U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
https://doi.org/10.5066/F7T43RB5
Rates of shoreline change for Dauphin Island, Alabama were generated for three analysis periods, using two different shoreline proxy datasets. Mean High Water line (MHW) shorelines were generated from 14 lidar datasets (1998-2014) and Wet Dry Line (WDL) shorelines were digitized from ten sets of georeferenced aerial images (1940-2015). Rates of change were generated for three groups of shorelines: MHW (lidar), WDL (aerial) and MHW and WDL shorelines combined. These data will aid in developing an understanding of the evolution of the barrier island position, size and shape as well as documenting spatially-variable patterns in erosion and accretion of different sections of the island.
This dataset consists of shore perpendicular transects and associated shoreline change rates from lidar and aerial imagery sources for the open ocean (south-facing) coast of Dauphin Island Alabama. Rate calculations were computed within a GIS using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.3, an ArcGIS extension developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. A reference baseline was used as the originating point for the orthogonal transects cast by the DSAS software. The transects intersect each shoreline establishing measurement points, which are then used to calculate long-term rates. Long-term rates of shoreline change were calculated using a linear regression rate based on available shoreline data.
19401027
20151112
ground condition
None planned
-88.347875
-88.070575
30.287079
30.222462
USGS Metadata Identifier
USGS:5ce9fe77-24c9-40ee-96c6-e9ee5b347395
ISO 19115 Topic Category
Boundaries
GeoscientificInformation
Oceans
Environment
USGS Thesaurus
geology
geomorphology
coastal processes
unconsolidated deposits
None
Vectorization
Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS)
DSAS
Transects
Shoreline Change
Shoreline
Mean High Water (MHW)
Lidar
Coastal
Wet Dry Line (WDL)
Georeferenced Aerial Imagery
Historic Shoreline
Long-Term Shoreline Change Rate
Erosion
Accretion
Linear Regression Rate
U.S. Geological Survey
USGS
SPCMSC
St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
None
Alabama
Dauphin Island
Gulf of Mexico
USA
AL
None
These data were automatically generated using the DSAS v4.3 software application and should only be used for purposes explicitly stated by the originating organization. Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
Rachel E. Henderson
mailing address
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg
FL
33701
USA
(727)-502-8000
rehenderson@usgs.gov
St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.0.5.4400
E.R. Thieler
E.A. Himmelstoss
J.L. Zichichi
A. Ergul
2009
Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.0 - An ArcGIS extension for calculating shoreline change
Open-File Report
2008-1278
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Current version of software at time of use was 4.3
https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20081278
https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/DSAS/
https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/DSAS/version4/index.html
The attributes of this dataset are based on the field requirements of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System and were automatically generated by the software during the generation of the transect layer or during the calculation of shoreline change rates performed by the software.
These data were generated using DSAS v4.3, an automated software program, which does not perform checks for fidelity of the input features. Transects were visually inspected and sometimes manually adjusted within a standard ArcMap edit session to adjust the position at which an individual transect intersected the shorelines.
This dataset contains transects automatically generated by the DSAS software application that were used to calculate shoreline change rates for the region.
Transect features generated using DSAS v4.3 in ArcMap v10.0. Parameters used: baseline layer=Baseline_OpenOcean, baseline group field=NULL, transect spacing=100 meters, transect length=1200 meters, cast direction=AUTO-DETECT, baseline location=offshore, cast method=smoothed, smoothing distance=50 meters, flip baselines=not selected.
For additional details on these parameters, please see the DSAS help file distributed with the DSAS software, or visit the USGS website at: https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/DSAS/
Baseline_OpenOcean
20160901
DI_Transects_OpenOcean
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
Rachel E. Henderson
mailing address
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg
FL
33701
USA
(727)-502-8000
rehenderson@usgs.gov
Some transects did not intersect all shorelines at the default transect length. These transects were manually lengthened or moved in an edit session, using standard editing tools in ArcMap v10.0, such that each transect intersects all desired shorelines.
DI_Transects_OpenOcean
20160901
DI_Transects_OpenOcean2
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
Rachel E. Henderson
mailing address
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg
FL
33701
USA
(727)-502-8000
rehenderson@usgs.gov
Shorelines, transects and baselines were imported into a personal geodatabase, which was stored in the Microsoft Access file, DI_MHW_1998_2014.mdb
Rate calculations performed on MHW (lidar) shorelines, using DSAS v4.3 in ArcMap v10.0.
Open-ocean shorelines (including "Open-Ocean (Dauphin Island)", and "Open-Ocean(Little Dauphin Island)")were selected from the MHW_shorelines attribute table, and resulting selected shorelines were used in the following DSAS analysis:
Parameters used: baseline layer=DI_Baseline_OpenOcean, shoreline layer=Lidar_MHW_Shorelines_1998_2014 (open ocean ONLY), shoreline date field=DATE_, shoreline uncertainty field name=UNCERTY, shoreline intersection parameters=closest, Transect layer= DI_Transects_OpenOcean2, stats calculations=[Linear Regression Rate (LRR)], confidence interval=90%
DI_Transects_OpenOcean2
Lidar_Shorelines_1998_2014
Baseline_OpenOcean
20170324
DI_Ocean_trans_MHW_rates_20170324_150108.dbf
DI_Ocean_trans_MHW_intersect_20170324_150108.dbf
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
Rachel E. Henderson
mailing address
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg
FL
33701
USA
(727)-502-8000
rehenderson@usgs.gov
Shorelines, transects and baseline data were imported into a personal geodatabase, which was stored in the Microsoft Access file, DI_WDL_1940_2015.mdb
Rate calculations performed on WDL (aerial) shorelines using DSAS v4.3 in ArcMap v10.0.
Open-ocean shorelines (including "Open Ocean", and "Open Ocean(Little Dauphin Island)")were selected from the WDL_shorelines attribute table, and resulting selected shorelines were used in the following DSAS analysis:
Parameters Used: baseline layer=DI_Baseline_OpenOcean, shoreline layer=Aerial_WDL_Shorelines_1940_2015 (open ocean ONLY), shoreline date field=DATE_, shoreline uncertainty field name=UNCERT, shoreline intersection parameters=closest, Transect layer= DI_Transects_OpenOcean2, stats calculations=[Linear Regression Rate (LRR)], confidence interval=90%
DI_Transects_OpenOcean2
Aerial_Shorelines_1940_2015
Baseline_OpenOcean
20170324
DI_Ocean_trans_WDL_rates_20170324_141626.dbf
DI_Ocean_trans_WDL_intersect_20170324_141626.dbf
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
Rachel E. Henderson
mailing address
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg
FL
33701
USA
(727)-502-8000
rehenderson@usgs.gov
MHW (lidar) and WDL (aerial) shorelines were combined (copy and paste) into one feature class.
Aerial_Shorelines_1940_2015
Lidar_Shorelines_1998_2014
20170324
MHW_WDL_shorelines.shp
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
Rachel E. Henderson
mailing address
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg
FL
33701
USA
(727)-502-8000
rehenderson@usgs.gov
Shorelines, transects and baselines were imported into a personal geodatabase, which was stored in the Microsoft Access file, DI_MHW_WDL_1940_2015.mdb
Rate calculations performed on WDL (aerial) and MHW (lidar) shorelines using DSAS v4.3 in ArcMap v10.0.
Open-ocean shorelines (including "Open Ocean", "Open Ocean (Dauphin Island)", and "Open Ocean(Little Dauphin Island)")were selected from the MHW_WDL_shorelines attribute table, and resulting selected shorelines were used in the following DSAS analysis:
Parameters used: baseline layer=DI_Baseline_OpenOcean, shoreline layer=WDL_MHW_Shorelines_1940_2015 (open ocean ONLY), shoreline date field=DATE_, shoreline uncertainty field name=UNCERT, shoreline intersection parameters=closest, Transect layer= DI_Transects_OpenOcean2, stats calculations=[Linear Regression Rate (LRR)], confidence interval=90%
DI_Transects_OpenOcean2
MHW_WDL_shorelines
Baseline_OpenOcean
20170324
DI_Ocean_trans_ALL_rates_20170324_151043.dbf
DI_Ocean_trans_ALL_intersect_20170324_151043.dbf
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
Rachel E. Henderson
mailing address
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg
FL
33701
USA
(727)-502-8000
rehenderson@usgs.gov
DI_Transects_OpenOcean file exported to a new geodatabase - Trans_ALL.mdb
New fields added to attribute table include TCD (double), MHW_LRR (double), MHW_LR2 (double), MHW_LSE (double), MHW_LCI90 (double), WDL_LRR (double), WDL_LR2 (double), WDL_LSE (double), WDL_LCI90 (double), ALL_LRR (double), ALL_LR2(double), ALL_LSE(double), ALL_LCI90 (double).
DI_Transects_OpenOcean2
20170327
Transects_OpenOcean
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
Rachel E. Henderson
mailing address
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg
FL
33701
USA
(727)-502-8000
rehenderson@usgs.gov
Shoreline change rates from each shoreline analysis (MHW, WDL, and combined MHW+WDL) were appended to one transect file as follows:
DI_Ocean_trans_MHW_rates_20170324_150108.dbf were joined to Transects_OpenOcean.shp by TransectID/ TransOrder, and values for LRR, LR2, LSE, LCI90 were copied to the corresponding attribute fields - MHW_LRR, MHW_LR2, MHW_LSE, MHW_LCI90.
DI_Ocean_trans_WDL_rates_20170324_141626.dbf were joined to Transects_OpenOcean.shp by TransectID/ TransOrder, and values for LRR, LR2, LSE, LCI90 were copied to the corresponding attribute fields - WDL_LRR, WDL_LR2, WDL_LSE, WDL_LCI90.
DI_Ocean_trans_ALL_rates_20170324_151043.dbf were joined to Transects_OpenOcean.shp by TransectID/ TransOrder, and values for LRR, LR2, LSE, LCI90 were copied to the corresponding attribute fields - ALL_LRR, ALL_LR2, ALL_LSE, ALL_LCI90.
Transects_OpenOcean
DI_Ocean_trans_MHW_rates_20170324_150108.dbf
DI_Ocean_trans_WDL_rates_20170324_141626.dbf
DI_Ocean_trans_ALL_rates_20170324_151043.dbf
20170327
Transects_OpenOcean
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
Rachel E. Henderson
mailing address
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg
FL
33701
USA
(727)-502-8000
rehenderson@usgs.gov
The transect feature class Transect_OpenOcean was exported to a shapefile in ArcMap v10.0 by right clicking on the dataset in the geodatabase >> Export >> To Shapefile (single).
Transects_OpenOcean
20170327
Transects_OpenOcean.shp
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
Rachel E. Henderson
mailing address
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg
FL
33701
USA
(727)-502-8000
rehenderson@usgs.gov
Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.
20201013
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Vector
String
342
Universal Transverse Mercator
16
0.9996
-87.0
0.0
500000.0
0.0
coordinate pair
0.6096
0.6096
Meter
D_North_American_1983
GRS_1980
6378137.0
298.257222101
Transects_OpenOcean
Transects are automatically generated by DSAS at a 90 degree angle to the user-specified baseline.
U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Science Center
FID
Internal feature number.
Esri
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Shape
Feature geometry.
Esri
Coordinates defining the features.
BaselineID
Unique identification number of the baseline segment. If BaselineID=0 no transects will be generated. Used by DSAS to determine transect ordering alongshore if multiple baseline segments exist.
U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Science Center
1
1
TransOrder
Assigned by DSAS based on ordering of transects along the baseline. Used to allow user to sort transect data along the baseline from baseline start to baseline end.
U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Science Center
1
342
ProcTime
Assigned by DSAS, automatically, to record the date and time a transect was processed.
U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Science Center
Values based on time and date of user operations
Autogen
Assigned by DSAS to indicate whether or not a transect was automatically created by DSAS (1= transect was auto generated by DSAS; 0=transect was not auto-generated).
U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Science Center
1
1
StartX
Assigned by DSAS, automatically, to record the X coordinate of the beginning of the transect.
U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Science Center
370367.07
396976.26
NAD 83 UTM Zone 16N meters
StartY
Assigned by DSAS, automatically, to record the Y coordinate of the beginning of the transect.
U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Science Center
3344203.44
3351082.51
NAD 83 UTM Zone 16N meters
EndX
Assigned by DSAS, automatically, to record the X coordinate of the end of the transect.
U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Science Center
370922.88
395629.38
NAD 83 UTM Zone 16N meters
EndY
Assigned by DSAS, automatically, to record the Y coordinate of the end of the transect.
U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Science Center
3345703.42
3349804.74
NAD 83 UTM Zone 16N meters
Azimuth
Assigned by DSAS to record the azimuth of the transect, measured in degrees clockwise from North.
U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Science Center
0.1
359.9
TCD
The transect change distance - or distance of the transect along shore, in meters.
U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Science Center
0
34100
MHW_LRR
For all MHW (lidar) shorelines from 1998-2014: A linear regression rate-of-change statistic was calculated by fitting a least-squares regression line to all shoreline points for a particular transect. The best-fit regression line is placed so that the sum of the squared residuals (determined by squaring the offset distance of each data point from the regression line and adding the squared residuals together) is minimized. The linear regression rate is the slope of the line. The rate is reported in meters per year with positive values indicating accretion and negative values indicating erosion. Null values are locations where there were not enough shoreline data (minimum of four shorelines) present to generate a linear regression rate of change (or any associated statistics) and are identified as 9999.
U.S. Geological Survey
-52.67
14.79
MHW_LR2
For all MHW (lidar) shorelines from 1998-2014: The R-squared statistic, or coefficient of determination, is the percentage of variance in the data that is explained by a regression. It is a dimensionless index that ranges from 1.0 to 0.0 and measures how successfully the best-fit line accounts for variation in the data. The smaller the variability of the residual values around the regression line relative to the overall variability, the better the prediction (and closer the R-squared value is to 1.0). Null values are locations where there were not enough shoreline data (minimum of four shorelines) present to generate a linear regression rate of change (or any associated statistics) and are identified as 9999.
U.S. Geological Survey
0
1
MHW_LSE
For all MHW (lidar) shorelines from 1998-2014: The predicted (or estimated) values of y (the distance from baseline in meters) are computed for each shoreline point by using the values of x (the shoreline date) and solving the equation for the best-fit regression line (y=mx+b). The standard error is also called the standard deviation. Null values are locations where there were not enough shoreline data (minimum of four shorelines) present to generate a linear regression rate of change (or any associated statistics) and are identified as 9999.
U.S. Geological Survey
0.07
255.87
MHW_LCI90
For all MHW (lidar) shorelines from 1998-2014: The standard error of the slope with confidence interval describes the uncertainty of the reported rate. The LRR rates are determined by a best-fit regression line for the shoreline data at each transect. The slope of this line is the reported rate of change (in meters/year). The confidence interval (LCI) is calculated by multiplying the standard error (also called the standard deviation) of the slope by the two-tailed test statistic at the user-specified 90 percent confidence. This value is often reported in conjunction with the slope to describe the confidence of the reported rate. For example: LRR = 1.2 LCI90 = 0.7 could be reported as a rate of 1.2 (+/-) 0.7 meters/year. Null values are locations where there were not enough shoreline data (minimum of four shorelines) present to generate a linear regression rate of change (or any associated statistics) and are identified as 9999.
U.S. Geological Survey
0.065
127.116
WDL_LRR
For all WDL (aerial) shorelines from 1940-2015: A linear regression rate-of-change statistic was calculated by fitting a least-squares regression line to all shoreline points for a particular transect. The best-fit regression line is placed so that the sum of the squared residuals (determined by squaring the offset distance of each data point from the regression line and adding the squared residuals together) is minimized. The linear regression rate is the slope of the line. The rate is reported in meters per year with positive values indicating accretion and negative values indicating erosion. Null values are locations where there were not enough shoreline data (minimum of four shorelines) present to generate a linear regression rate of change (or any associated statistics) and are identified as 9999.
U.S. Geological Survey
-5.4
11.66
WDL_LR2
For all WDL (aerial) shorelines from 1940-2015: The R-squared statistic, or coefficient of determination, is the percentage of variance in the data that is explained by a regression. It is a dimensionless index that ranges from 1.0 to 0.0 and measures how successfully the best-fit line accounts for variation in the data. The smaller the variability of the residual values around the regression line relative to the overall variability, the better the prediction (and closer the R-squared value is to 1.0). Null values are locations where there were not enough shoreline data (minimum of four shorelines) present to generate a linear regression rate of change (or any associated statistics) and are identified as 9999.
U.S. Geological Survey
0
.99
WDL_LSE
For all WDL (aerial) shorelines from 1940-2015: The predicted (or estimated) values of y (the distance from baseline in meters) are computed for each shoreline point by using the values of x (the shoreline date) and solving the equation for the best-fit regression line (y=mx+b). The standard error is also called the standard deviation. Null values are locations where there were not enough shoreline data (minimum of four shorelines) present to generate a linear regression rate of change (or any associated statistics) and are identified as 9999.
U.S. Geological Survey
3.84
153.33
WDL_LCI90
For all WDL (aerial) shorelines from 1940-2015: The standard error of the slope with confidence interval describes the uncertainty of the reported rate. The LRR rates are determined by a best-fit regression line for the shoreline data at each transect. The slope of this line is the reported rate of change (in meters/year). The confidence interval (LCI) is calculated by multiplying the standard error (also called the standard deviation) of the slope by the two-tailed test statistic at the user-specified 90 percent confidence. This value is often reported in conjunction with the slope to describe the confidence of the reported rate. For example: LRR = 1.2 LCI90 = 0.7 could be reported as a rate of 1.2 (+/-) 0.7 meters/year. Null values are locations where there were not enough shoreline data (minimum of four shorelines) present to generate a linear regression rate of change (or any associated statistics) and are identified as 9999.
U.S. Geological Survey
0.101
8.453
ALL_LRR
For all WDL (aerial) and MHW (lidar) shorelines from 1940-2015: A linear regression rate-of-change statistic was calculated by fitting a least-squares regression line to all shoreline points for a particular transect. The best-fit regression line is placed so that the sum of the squared residuals (determined by squaring the offset distance of each data point from the regression line and adding the squared residuals together) is minimized. The linear regression rate is the slope of the line. The rate is reported in meters per year with positive values indicating accretion and negative values indicating erosion. Null values are locations where there were not enough shoreline data (minimum of four shorelines) present to generate a linear regression rate of change (or any associated statistics) and are identified as 9999.
U.S. Geological Survey
-19.57
11.15
AL_LR2
For all WDL (aerial) and MHW (lidar) shorelines from 1940-2015: The R-squared statistic, or coefficient of determination, is the percentage of variance in the data that is explained by a regression. It is a dimensionless index that ranges from 1.0 to 0.0 and measures how successfully the best-fit line accounts for variation in the data. The smaller the variability of the residual values around the regression line relative to the overall variability, the better the prediction (and closer the R-squared value is to 1.0). Null values are locations where there were not enough shoreline data (minimum of four shorelines) present to generate a linear regression rate of change (or any associated statistics) and are identified as 9999.
U.S. Geological Survey
0
1
ALL_LSE
For all WDL (aerial) and MHW (lidar) shorelines from 1940-2015: The predicted (or estimated) values of y (the distance from baseline in meters) are computed for each shoreline point by using the values of x (the shoreline date) and solving the equation for the best-fit regression line (y=mx+b). The standard error is also called the standard deviation. Null values are locations where there were not enough shoreline data (minimum of four shorelines) present to generate a linear regression rate of change (or any associated statistics) and are identified as 9999.
U.S. Geological Survey
3.52
186.54
ALL_LCI90
For all WDL (aerial) and MHW (lidar) shorelines from 1940-2015: The standard error of the slope with confidence interval describes the uncertainty of the reported rate. The LRR rates are determined by a best-fit regression line for the shoreline data at each transect. The slope of this line is the reported rate of change (in meters/year). The confidence interval (LCI) is calculated by multiplying the standard error (also called the standard deviation) of the slope by the two-tailed test statistic at the user-specified 90 percent confidence. This value is often reported in conjunction with the slope to describe the confidence of the reported rate. For example: LRR = 1.2 LCI90 = 0.7 could be reported as a rate of 1.2 (+/-) 0.7 meters/year. Null values are locations where there were not enough shoreline data (minimum of four shorelines) present to generate a linear regression rate of change (or any associated statistics) and are identified as 9999.
U.S. Geological Survey
0.079
74.314
Shape_Leng
Length of feature in meter units.
Esri
1499.99999638
1500.00000366
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg
Florida
33701
US
(727)-502-8000
rehenderson@usgs.gov
Transects_OpenOcean.shp
Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
WinZip
9.0
Esri polyline shapefile
This WinZip file contains polyline shapefiles of of DSAS generated shore normal transects for the open-ocean shoreline from 1940-2014 for Dauphin Island, Alabama.
Use WinZip or pkUnzip
https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7T43RB5/data/Transects_OpenOcean.zip
None
20201013
U.S. Geological Survey
Rachel Henderson
mailing and physical
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg
Florida
33701
US
(727)-502-8000
rehenderson@usgs.gov
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998
local time