Basic Hydrodynamic Parameters (Pressure, Temperature, and Conductivity) From Marine Groundwater Wells Along the West Florida Shelf Collected From November 2022 to March 2024 Associated with Field Activity Number 2022-340-FA

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Basic Hydrodynamic Parameters (Pressure, Temperature, and Conductivity) From Marine Groundwater Wells Along the West Florida Shelf Collected From November 2022 to March 2024 Associated with Field Activity Number 2022-340-FA
Abstract:
This dataset contains level, temperature, and conductivity data collected by scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC) to investigate submarine groundwater discharge on the West Florida Shelf at sample sites located in three areas of Florida: Indian Rocks Beach (IRB), Nature Coast near Hudson (NC), and Venice Headlands near Venice (VH). These data were collected using Solinst LTC 5 (serial number starting with 108) and LTC Edge (serial number starting with 107) leveloggers deployed in offshore groundwater wells on the West Florida Shelf. The dataset is a time series of submarine groundwater discharge parameters including water temperature (degrees Celsius [°C]), pressure (centimeters of water [cmH2O]), and conductivity (millisiemens per centimeter [mS/cm]). Each parameter was measured every fifteen to twenty minutes (varies by logger) for 24-hour time periods throughout the duration of deployment. Data included in this data release correspond to USGS Field Activity Number (FAN) 2022-340-FA, with associated events spanning over one year (November 2022 to February 2024) and are distinguished by alternative FANs (altFANs) or events of 22WFS05, 23WFS01, 23WFS02, 23WFS03, 23WFS04, 24WFS01.
Supplemental_Information:
All sampling activities correspond to the USGS Field Activity Number 2022-340-FA. Additional survey and data details are available from the USGS Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System (CMGDS) at https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/services/activity.php?fan=2022-340-FA.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Chestang, Emma S., and Smith, Christopher G., 20260422, Basic Hydrodynamic Parameters (Pressure, Temperature, and Conductivity) From Marine Groundwater Wells Along the West Florida Shelf Collected From November 2022 to March 2024 Associated with Field Activity Number 2022-340-FA:.

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Chestang, Emma S., Smith, Christopher G., Knapp, Angela, Buck, Kristen, Conway, Tim, Tamborski, Joseph J., Hunt, Hannah, Chappell, Dreux, Boiteau, Rene, Lindgren, Andrew, and Caprara, Salvatore, 20260422, Basic Hydrodynamic Parameters (Pressure, Temperature, and Conductivity) From Marine Groundwater Wells Along the West Florida Shelf Collected From November 2022 to March 2024 Associated with Field Activity Number 2022-340-FA: U.S. Geological Survey data release doi:10.5066/P13X6MBL, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, Florida.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.8779
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.4648
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 28.3777
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 27.0895
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 15-Nov-2022
    Ending_Date: 07-Mar-2024
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    WFS_SGD_LTC.zip: Fifteen CSV files of time series data collected from Indian Rocks Beach, Hudson, and Venice (Florida), beginning in November 2022 and continuing through February-March 2024. The file names consist of the area abbreviation (IRB, NC, or VH) followed by an abbreviation for month and year that data collection began (N22=November 2022, F23=February 2023, M23=May 2023, S23=September 2023, and D23=December 2023). Spreadsheet contains: date, time, level, temperature, conductivity, and original data. Detailed attribute descriptions for these files are included data dictionary (LTC_Data_Dictionary.docx). These metadata are not complete without this file. All files are available for download in WFS_SGD_LTC.zip.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Emma S. Chestang
    • Christopher G. Smith
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    The National Science Foundation (National Science Foundation Grant Award OCE-2148989, Project 880516) and USGS Coastal Marine Hazards and Resources Program (CMHRP) contributed funding and resources that enabled samples to be collected and analyzed.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Christopher G. Smith
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Research Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    US

    727-502-8035 (voice)
    cgsmith@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

This dataset was acquired to assist USGS staff with the quantification, analysis and interpretation of geochemical time series data that will ultimately be used in assessments and research of or related to submarine groundwater discharge.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 15-Nov-2022 (process 1 of 3)
    Solinst Levelogger Description: The Solinst Levelogger measured water level (pressure above the sensor), temperature (at the sensor), and conductivity (at the sensor). The levelogger uses a Piezoresistive Silicon with Hastelloy Sensor for measurement of level; Platinum Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) for measurement of water temperature; and 4-Electrode Platinum sensor for measurement of conductivity. The resolution for each parameter was 0.001% full scale [FS] to 0.0006% FS, 0.003 C, and 0.1 mS/cm), respectively. The logger was calibrated using a 12880 μS/cm conductivity solution prior to deployment. The logger was checked prior to each deployment using a 50000 μS/cm conductivity solution. Person who carried out this activity:
    Christopher G. Smith
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Research Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, Florida
    USA

    727-502-8035 (voice)
    cgsmith@usgs.gov
    Date: 07-Mar-2024 (process 2 of 3)
    Data Storage and Preprocessing: Solinst LTC Dataloggers were retrieved and deployed in correspondence with the Field Activity Number 2022-340-FA with alternative FANs 22WFS05, 23WFS01, 23WFS02, 23WFS03, 23WFS04, and 24WFS01 (Chestang and others, 2025). All loggers used in study were assessed for proper in air values (i.e., atmospheric pressure in cm of water, air temperature, and conductivity of air ~0 millisemens per centimeter) prior to first deployment in November 2022. Dataloggers or loggers, henceforth, were deployed and retrieved from submerged, marine wells by divers equipped with Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Aparatus (SCUBA). Previously deployed loggers were retrieved prior to sampling and newly deployed loggers were installed following sampling as described by Chestang and others (2025). Deployed loggers were programed using Solinst Levelogger Software 5 prior to each trip; retrieved loggers were returned to land and downloaded onto a field laptop using Solinst Levelogger Software 5 as .xle files and exported as a comma separated value (CSV) file. All original data are provided in the csv files provided in this data release. Person who carried out this activity:
    Christopher G. Smith
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Research Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, Florida
    USA

    727-502-8035 (voice)
    cgsmith@usgs.gov
    Date: 01-Aug-2025 (process 3 of 3)
    Advanced Data Processing: CSV files were imported into Microsoft Excel and data inspected for quality assurance and control reasons. Offsets (nearly instantaneous change exceeding factory parameter resolution), were compared to other sensor data and ancillary field observations (Chestang and others, 2025) and, when appropriate, were corrected using an constant offset (+/-) (Wagner and others, 2006; Smith and others, 2008). Oscillations were corrected using a ten point running mean for the duration of the observed instability (Wagner and others, 2006). Only Conductivity and temperature were processed using offset and smoothing; original data are included in the data release files for comparison. Water level or pressure remain unprocessed; unrealistic pressure data, identified as negative water levels, were replaced with no data values (-999). All original data values are provided. Person who carried out this activity:
    Christopher G. Smith
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Research Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, Florida
    USA

    727-502-8035 (voice)
    cgsmith@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Chestang, E.S., Ellis, A.M., Smith, C.G., Knapp, A., Tamborski, J.J., and Lindgren, A., 20250813, Short-lived Radium-isotope (Radium-223 and -224) Specific Activity for Samples Collected Between November 2022 and March 2024 Along the West Florida Shelf (Indian Rocks Beach, Nature Coast, and Venice Headland): U.S. Geological Survey data release doi:10.5066/P1ZIOFSX.

    Online Links:

    Smith, C.G., Cable, J.E., and Martin, J.B., 20080331, Episodic High Intensity Mixing Events in a Subterranean Estuary: Effects of Tropical Cyclones: Limnology and Oceanography Volume 53, Issue 2.

    Online Links:

    Wagner, R.J., Boulger, R.W., Jr., Oblinger, C.J., and Smith, B.A., 2006, Guidelines and Standard Procedures for Continuous Water-Quality Monitors: Station Operation, Record Computation, and Data Reporting: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods doi:10.3133/tm1D3.

    Online Links:

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    All data were checked for outliers and erroneous values. Outliers were corrected if possible, and any uncorrected values were not included data and flagged with the value -999. Any time stamps that have failed were removed from the dataset. Any blank data is marked with -999.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Accuracy was checked against global positioning system (GPS) values provided by the manufacturer. Garmin GPSMAP64st and Garmin GPSmap 60CSx FPSMAP60 accuracy, < 10 meters
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    Accuracy was checked against global positioning system (GPS) values provided by the manufacture. Garmin GPSMAP64st and Garmin GPSmap 60CSx FPSMAP60 accuracy, < 10 meters
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Data were checked to ensure all values fall within the range of analysis for each sensor.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints No access constraints. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details.
Use_Constraints These data are marked with a Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal License. These data are in the public domain and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: USGS SPCMSC Data Management
    600 4th Street South
    Saint Petersburg, FL
    United States

    727-502-8000 (voice)
    gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? IRBN22.csv, IRBF23.csv, IRBM23.csv, IRBS23.csv, IRBD23.csv, NCN22.csv, NCF23.csv, NCM23.csv, NCS23.csv, NCD23.csv, VHN22.csv, VHF23.csv, VHM23.csv, VHS23.csv, VHD23.csv, LTC_Data_Dictionary.docx
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 22-Apr-2026
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Attn: USGS SPCMSC Data Management
600 4th Street South
Saint Petersburg, FL
United States

727-502-8000 (voice)
gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/spcmsc/WFS_SGD_LTC_metadata.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.51 on Wed Apr 22 10:42:21 2026