All bottom videos were acquired with the same two cameras described above. Both cameras were mounted outside of the oscillatory flow tunnel. Videos are shot in a darkened room, with the exception of "False_Floor_1E5.mp4" which was shot with the lights on. This was unintentional but did not effect the results presented in this data release.
Video data is included for all experiments, and experiment segments; however, velocity data is unavailable for False_Floor_4E2.mp4 and False_Floor_4R2.mp4. This dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract section. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
In March, 2014, experiments were conducted at NRL’s Sediment Dynamics Laboratory, located in Stennis, MS. Artificial sand-oil agglomerates were deployed in the small-oscillatory flow tunnel with a cross-sectional area of 25 cm by 25 cm, a test bed length of 2-m, and a 35-cm deep sediment well. Oscillating currents (simulating bottom velocities generated by waves) were driven in the tank by a flywheel with variable frequencies (20-90 rpm) and stroke lengths (22, 33, or 44 cm). For all experiments, the oscillatory current had a slight asymmetry resulting in preferential transport downstream (toward the sediment trap) in the tank. Two high-definition Canon 7D DSLR cameras were mounted outside of the tank to record movement, each with a unique, separate, field of view. Camera A was outfitted with an 18-55 mm zoom lens at a 29 mm focal length and Camera B used an 18 mm fisheye lens. The tank was also equipped with a Vectrino acoustic velocity profiler, mounted centrally. Additional information on the characteristics and design of the flow tunnel can be found in Calantoni and others (2013).
Process_Date: 20140310
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Robert L. Jenkins III
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Researcher III
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 600 Fourth Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701-4846
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8138
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rljenkins@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The onset of incipient motion was precisely measured with a Bed LAser Surface Tracking (BLAST) System. Two 520 nm, 75-degree fan beam, continuous-wave lasers were mounted above the tank and projected a 3-mm wide and 1-m long laser line along the tank floor, parallel to the flow direction. The aSOAs were placed to intersect the laser lines so that the two Canon 7D DSLR cameras captured 1080p HD video at 30 frames per second of the laser line projected on to the aSOAs and the bed floor.
Process_Date: 20140310
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Robert L. Jenkins III
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Researcher III
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 600 Fourth Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701-4846
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8138
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rljenkins@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The field of view of Camera A is over lapped by the field of view of Camera B. In the field of view of both Camera A and Camera B, is a small red LED indicator light, which signals the beginning of the Vectrino record for a given experiment segment for the purpose of syncing the Vectrino velocity profile data and video records in time.
Process_Date: 20140310
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Robert L. Jenkins III
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Researcher III
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 600 Fourth Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701-4846
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8138
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rljenkins@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Videos were captured by two HD Canon 7D DSLR cameras. Video recording was begun, manually, shortly after the flow tunnel fly-wheel motor was turned on.
Process_Date: 20140310
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Robert L. Jenkins III
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Researcher III
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 600 Fourth Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701-4846
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8138
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rljenkins@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Velocities were logged by a Vectrino acoustic Doppler velocity profiler mounted centrally within the tank. Velocity recording was started, manually, after the beginning of the video recording. The start of the velocity record was indicated in the video by a single blink of a red LED indicator light. The 3-dimensional (3D) velocity was logged by the Vectrino software package and saved as raw binary files with file extension ".ntk". The Vectrino acoustic velocity profiler measured 3D water velocity (m/s) of a 4 cm profile below the instrument and the distance from the instrument to the sand bed (m) using coherent Doppler processing, at a frequency of 100 Hertz (Hz).
Process_Date: 20140310
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Robert L. Jenkins III
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Researcher III
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 600 Fourth Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701-4846
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8138
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rljenkins@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Raw Vectrino data were processed in MATLAB 2015b by a script called “VectrinoII_ProcessData.m” (2011) (NRL script) which extracted time, depth information, and 3D velocity (m/s) from raw data files. Next, velocities were processed iteratively to remove spikes in the data.
First, velocities were first passed through a MATLAB built-in one dimensional smoothing filter (filter.m) with a window size of ten.
Second, the difference was taken between the raw and smoothed time series and the standard deviation of that difference was calculated.
Third, points with a difference greater than three times the standard deviation were identified, and replaced with the smoothed signal value at the same time.
The first, second, and third, steps were then repeated three times, with the previously de-spiked signal replacing the input each time, which produced final, quality controlled, de-spiked and smoothed de-spiked time series of velocities.
De-spiked and smoothed de-spiked records of 3D velocity data, time, and depth information were re-saved in MATLAB readable ‘.mat’ files.
De-spiked and smoothed de-spiked velocity data were treated with an additional quality control step.
A measure of signal quality, called Correlation, was recorded by the Vectrino profiler along with the raw data. Correlation is the measure of the data correlation as returned by each of the three acoustic beams of the profiler.
Time points with correlation less than 70% are replaced in the record with non-number (NaN) values.
Quality controlled records of de-spiked and smoothed de-spiked velocity were saved in MATLAB readable ‘.mat’ files.
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Robert L. Jenkins III
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Researcher III
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 600 Fourth Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701-4846
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8138
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rljenkins@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Raw video data were processed through MATLAB with a script called 'video2JPEG.m' (SPCMSC script), which utilizes MATLAB built-in function "VideoReader". Each frame of the raw video was read into MATLAB and re-saved as a unique, numbered and ordered JPEG image to form a series of JPEG images for each frame of the raw video. The series of JPEG images were then saved automatically by 'video2JPEG.m' to a unique directory named for the experiment segment. 'video2JPEG.m' also extracted and confirmed video framerate as 30 frames per second.
Process_Date: 20150821
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Robert L. Jenkins III
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Researcher III
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 600 Fourth Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701-4846
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8138
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rljenkins@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
JPEG images extracted from raw video data were then processed in MATLAB using a script called 'LaserMovieMain_rjv4.m' (NRL & SPCMSC script), which located the laser line in each image based on the local maxima in image color contrast. The laser line location was extracted in pixel coordinates. A time series of laser line location, in pixel coordinates, was formed for the entire experiment segment. Finallly the time series of laser line location, in pixel coordinates, was converted into real world coordinates (measured in meters) based on a calibration image taken prior to the experiment.
Process_Date: 20150821
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Robert L. Jenkins III
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Researcher III
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 600 Fourth Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701-4846
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8138
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rljenkins@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
For large aSOA, laser line location time series revealed the instance of aSOA incipient motion as indicated by change in the laser line location. Once the instance was found the frame number was recorded, manually, and the time of incipient motion in seconds relative to the beginning of the video was calculated as the frame number divided by video framerate, in frames per second.
Process_Date: 20150915
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Robert L. Jenkins III
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Researcher III
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 600 Fourth Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701-4846
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8138
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rljenkins@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
In most instances, incipient motion was not discernible by laser line location. In these cases, the frame and time at which incipient motion took place was found, by visual frame-by-frame inspection of extracted JPEGS of the raw video data. Once the instance was found the frame number was recorded manually and the time of incipient motion in seconds (relative to the beginning of the video) was calculated as frame number divided by video framerate, in frames per second.
Process_Date: 20150924
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Robert L. Jenkins III
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Researcher III
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 600 Fourth Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701-4846
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8138
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rljenkins@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Time differences between video and corresponding velocity record is established by identifying the exact frame in which the Vectrino red LED indicator light blinks in the camera view. The time (in seconds) at which the Vectrino begins recording in the video record is calculated as the frame number divided by the video framerate in frames per second. The video time record is then synced to the Vectrino time to create a consistent time record for both records.
Process_Date: 20150924
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Robert L. Jenkins III
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Researcher III
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 600 Fourth Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701-4846
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8138
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rljenkins@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Flow velocity input for the interpretive video product was generated by extracting the along-tank component of flow velocity from the processed Vectrino 3D flow record. Free stream velocity is taken as the 3rd bin (approximately 3 mm). The interpretive video products are limited to 42 seconds in length; only velocity data 30 seconds prior to and 12 seconds proceeding incipient motion were presented.
Process_Date: 20150924
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Robert L. Jenkins III
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Researcher III
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 600 Fourth Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701-4846
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8138
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rljenkins@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Shear stress input was generated by calculating shear stress based on shear stress parameterization presented in Soulsby, 1997, using aSOA diameter, flow velocity at time of incipient motion, and an empirical value for orbital excursion amplitude. The empirical value for orbital excursion amplitude was calculated for each experiment record from the de-spiked along-tank velocity. The negative-to-positive zero crossings were identified and the times of these upward zero-crossings were recorded. A matrix of upward zero-crossings was created to identify individual waves. Given flow velocity and time between upward zero-crossings, displacements were calculated. Orbital excursion amplitude is defined as one quarter of this displacement. The orbital excursion amplitude used in the stress calculation is the median value for a given record, excluding the first and last sixty seconds to avoid errors introduced by experiment ramp up and ramp down.
Process_Date: 20150924
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Robert L. Jenkins III
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Researcher III
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 600 Fourth Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701-4846
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8138
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rljenkins@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Video data input for the video data product was selected from a 42-second window surrounding incipient motion. The interpretive video products are limited to 42 seconds in length; video data 30 seconds prior to and 12 seconds proceeding incipient motion were selected.
Process_Date: 20150930
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Robert L. Jenkins III
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Researcher III
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 600 Fourth Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701-4846
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8138
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rljenkins@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Interpretive video products were created in MATLAB using the built-in functions 'imread,' 'figure,' 'imshow,' 'plot,' 'getframe,' and 'subplot.' The following steps are carried out in a loop, which carries out frame-by-frame plotting of processed JPEG images, velocity, shear stress, indicator of the moment of incipient motion, and indicator of current time in record.
A single JPEG from the video record is read using 'imread'.
The single JPEG is rotated 180 degrees, to correct the image orientation.
The overall figure is created using 'figure.'
The single JPEG from the video record is plotted within the overall figure using 'subplot,' and 'imshow.'
The graph of velocity, shear stress, the indicator of the moment of incipient motion, and indicator of current time was plotted using 'subplot,' and 'plot.'
The current overall figure is collated as a video frame in a sequence of frames using MATLAB built-in function 'getframe.'
The interpretive video product '.avi' file, has one frame added to it using MATLAB built-in function 'WriteVideo' to add the frame created using 'getframe.'
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Robert L. Jenkins III
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Researcher III
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 600 Fourth Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701-4846
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8138
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rljenkins@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The file size of the .avi file created in the preevious step was reduced via free compression software 'Avidemux', prior to saving the final file in '.mp4' format.
Process_Date: 20160316
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Robert L. Jenkins III
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Researcher III
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 600 Fourth Street South
City: Saint Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701-4846
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8138
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rljenkins@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.
Process_Date: 20201013
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
