EAARL Coastal Topography and Imagery--Naval Live Oaks Area, Gulf Islands National Seashore, Florida, 2007

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Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 2009
Title:
EAARL Coastal Topography and Imagery--Naval Live Oaks Area, Gulf Islands National Seashore, Florida, 2007
Edition: first
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Series_Information:
Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series
Issue_Identification: 481
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/481/
Description:
Abstract:
A digital elevation map (also known as a Digital Elevation Model, or DEM) of the Naval Live Oaks Area in Florida's Gulf Islands National Seashore was produced from remotely sensed, geographically referenced elevation measurements cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Park Service (NPS), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Elevation measurements were collected over the area using the NASA Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), a pulsed laser ranging system mounted onboard an aircraft to measure ground elevation, vegetation canopy, and coastal topography. The system uses high-frequency laser beams directed at the Earth's surface through an opening in the bottom of the aircraft's fuselage. The laser system records the time difference between emission of the laser beam and the reception of the reflected laser signal in the aircraft. The plane travels over the target area at approximately 50 meters per second at an elevation of approximately 300 meters. The EAARL, developed by NASA at Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia, measures ground elevation with a vertical resolution of +/-15 centimeters. A sampling rate of 3 kilohertz or higher results in an extremely dense spatial elevation dataset. Over 100 kilometers of coastline can be surveyed easily within a 3- to 4-hour mission. When subsequent elevation maps for an area are analyzed, they provide a useful tool to make management decisions regarding land development.
For more information on Lidar science and the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) system and surveys, see http://ngom.usgs.gov/dsp/overview/index.php and http://ngom.usgs.gov/dsp/tech/eaarl/index.php .
Purpose:
The purpose of this project was to produce highly detailed and accurate digital elevation maps and color-infrared (CIR) imagery of the Naval Live Oaks Area in Florida's Gulf Islands National Seashore for use as a management tool and to make these data available to natural-resource managers and research scientists.
Supplemental_Information:
Raw lidar data are not in a format that is generally usable by resource managers and scientists for scientific analysis. Converting dense lidar elevation data into a readily usable format without loss of essential information requires specialized processing. The U.S. Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP) has developed custom software to convert raw lidar data into a GIS-compatible map product to be provided to GIS specialists, managers, and scientists. The primary tool used in the conversion process is Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a multi-tiered processing system developed by a USGS-NASA collaborative project. Specialized processing algorithms are used to convert raw waveform lidar data acquired by the EAARL to georeferenced spot (x,y,z) returns for "first surface" and "bare earth" topography. The zero crossing of the second derivative (that is, detection of local maxima) is used to detect "first surface" topography, while the trailing edge algorithm (that is, the algorithm searches for the location prior to the last return where direction changes along the trailing edge) is used to detect the range to the last return, or "bare earth." Statistical filtering, known as the Random Consensus Filter (RCF), is used to remove false bottom returns and other outliers from the EAARL topography data. The filter uses a grid of non-overlapping square cells (buffer) of user-defined size overlaid onto the original point cloud. The user also defines the vertical tolerance (vertical width) based on the topographic complexity and point sampling density of the data. The maximum allowable elevation range within a cell is established by this vertical tolerance. An iterative process searches for the maximum concentration of points within the vertical tolerance and removes those points outside of the tolerance (Nayegandhi and others, 2009). These data are then converted to the North American Datum of 1983 and the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (using the GEOID03 model). Canopy height can then be determined by subtracting the "bare earth" elevations from the "first surface" elevations. Each file contains data located in a 2-kilometer by 2-kilometer tile, where the upper-left bound can be assessed quickly through the filename. The first 3 numbers in the filename represent the left-most UTM easting coordinate (e###000) in meters, the next 4 numbers represent the top-most UTM northing coordinate (n####000) in meters, and the last 2 numbers (##) represent the UTM zone in which the tile is located (for example, fs_e123_n4567_16).Once the EAARL topography data have been processed, the ALPS software can then use them with the raw geopositional and orientation data from the survey to georeference color-infrared (CIR) imagery co-acquired alongside the lidar data. Each image is first roughly projected into coordinates using a specialized processing algorithm (in ALPS) that incorporates information from the camera lens parameters, the raw data, and an estimated initial elevation. The georeferencing is then iteratively improved by using the lidar elevation data in the algorithm until the solution stabilizes. This georeferencing method creates a world file and projection file for each CIR image. Once the imagery has been assessed visually by an operator for quality issues, the imagery and associated data are then processed using commercial software to mosaic the images into seamless 25-centimeter-resolution images using the 2-kilometer by 2-kilometer tiling scheme described above.The development of custom software for creating these data products has been supported by the U.S. Geological Survey CMG Program's Decision Support for Coastal Parks, Sanctuaries, and Preserves project. Processed data products are used by the U.S. Geological Survey CMG Program's National Assessments of Coastal Change Hazards project to quantify the vulnerability of shorelines to coastal change hazards such as severe storms, sea-level rise, and shoreline erosion and retreat.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20070630
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -87.10409
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -87.16648
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.38994
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.35378
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:7c288fc1-1999-4438-a34c-304985f76875
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: elevation
Theme_Keyword: http://remotesensing.usgs.gov/
Theme_Keyword: Airborne Lidar Processing System
Theme_Keyword: ALPS
Theme_Keyword: Digital Elevation Model
Theme_Keyword: DEM
Theme_Keyword: EAARL
Theme_Keyword: Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar
Theme_Keyword: laser altimetry
Theme_Keyword: lidar
Theme_Keyword: remote sensing
Theme_Keyword: topography
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning
Theme_Keyword: distributions
Theme_Keyword: bathymetry and elevation
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) Keywords
Theme_Keyword: altimetry
Theme_Keyword: topographic mapping
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: LIDAR
Theme_Keyword: topography
Theme_Keyword: digital elevation models
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: http://nationalmap.gov/
Place_Keyword: Naval Live Oaks Area
Place_Keyword: Gulf Islands National Seashore
Place_Keyword: Florida
Stratum:
Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: http://lidar.cr.usgs.gov/
Stratum_Keyword: First Surface
Temporal:
Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: http://www.esri.com/news/arcuser/1104/temporal.html
Temporal_Keyword: 2007
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
The U.S. Geological Survey, National Park Service, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration request to be acknowledged as originators of these data in future products or derivative research.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: David Nagle
Contact_Organization:
Jacobs Technology, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL
Contact_Position: Programmer/Analyst
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 (x3093)
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727 803-2031
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dnagle@usgs.gov
Hours_of_Service: M-F, 9:00-6:00 EST
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name: Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
EAARL Coastal Topography and Imagery–Naval Live Oaks Area, Gulf Islands National Seashore, Florida, 2007 Bare-Earth Mosaic: 1-meter resolution
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPG
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name: Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
EAARL Coastal Topography and Imagery–Naval Live Oaks Area, Gulf Islands National Seashore, Florida, 2007 First-Surface Mosaic: 1-meter resolution
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPG
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name: Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
EAARL Coastal Topography and Imagery–Naval Live Oaks Area, Gulf Islands National Seashore, Florida, 2007 Canopy-Height Mosaic: 1-meter resolution
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPG
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/481/html/images/Mosaic_25cmRes_CIR.jpg
Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
EAARL Coastal Topography and Imagery–Naval Live Oaks Area, Gulf Islands National Seashore, Florida, 2007 Color-Infrared Imagery Mosaic
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPG
Data_Set_Credit:
Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Science Center, as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices for data source is expected. Sharing of new data layers developed directly from these data would also be appreciated by the U.S. Geological Survey staff. Users should be aware that comparisons with other datasets for the same area from other time periods may be inaccurate due to inconsistencies resulting from changes in photointerpretation, mapping conventions, and digital processes over time. These data are not legal documents and are not to be used as such.
Security_Information:
Security_Classification_System: Unclassified
Security_Classification: Unclassified
Security_Handling_Description: None
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.2.1350
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Nayegandhi, A., Brock, J.C., and Wright, C.W.
Publication_Date: 2009
Title:
Small footprint, waveform-resolving Lidar estimation of submerged and sub-canopy topography in coastal environments
Series_Information:
Series_Name: International Journal of Remote Sensing
Issue_Identification: 30(4), p. 861-878
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
The expected accuracy of the measured variables is as follows: attitude within 0.07 degree, 3 centimeters nominal ranging accuracy, and vertical elevation accuracy of +/-15 centimeters for the topographic surface. Quality checks are built into the data-processing software.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Each file contains data located in a 2-kilometer by 2-kilometer tile where the upper-left bound can be assessed quickly through the filename. The first 3 numbers in the filename represent the left-most UTM easting coordinate (e###000) in meters, the next 4 numbers represent the top-most UTM northing coordinate (n####000) in meters, and the last 2 numbers (##) represent the UTM zone in which the tile is located (for example, fs_e123_n4567_16).
Completeness_Report:
Several regions of the dataset are labeled as "No Data," which corresponds to a cell value of -32767 meters in the GeoTIFF file. These "No Data" areas are a result of the survey not covering a particular region, optical water depth of greater than 1.5 Secchi disc depths, or the manual removal of lidar processing artifacts. The presence of "No Data" values does not necessarily indicate an absence of land, rather an absence of survey coverage.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Raw elevation measurements have been determined to be within 1 meter in horizontal accuracy.
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Elevations are vertically consistent with the point elevation data, +/-15 centimeters.
Lineage:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The data are collected using a Cessna 310 aircraft. The NASA Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) laser scanner collects the data using a green-wavelength (532-nanometer) raster scanning laser, while a digital camera acquires a visual record of the flight. The data are stored on hard drives and archived at the U.S. Geological Survey office in St. Petersburg, Florida, and the NASA office at Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia. The navigational data are processed at Wallops Flight Facility. The navigational and raw data are then downloaded into the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS). Data are converted from units of time to x,y,z points for elevation. The derived surface data can then be converted into raster data (GeoTIFFs).
Process_Date: 20090820
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Amar Nayegandhi
Contact_Organization:
Jacobs Technology, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL
Contact_Position: Computer Scientist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 (x3026)
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: anayegandhi@usgs.gov
Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:00-5:00 EST
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Metadata imported into ArcCatalog from XML file.
Process_Date: 20091106
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Xan Yates
Contact_Organization:
Jacobs Technology, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL
Contact_Position: Geologist/GIS Analyst/Metadata Specialist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 (x3086)
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: xyates@usgs.gov
Hours_of_Service: M-F, 9:00-5:30 EST
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Keywords section of metadata optimized for discovery in USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Data Catalog.
Process_Date: 20170124
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Alan O. Allwardt
Contact_Position: Contractor -- Information Specialist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7551
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 831-427-4748
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: aallwardt@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.
Process_Date: 20201013
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Tiling Index
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
Row_Count: 2001
Column_Count: 2001
Vertical_Count: 1
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Grid_Coordinate_System:
Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
UTM_Zone_Number: 16
Transverse_Mercator:
Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -87.000000
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0
False_Easting: 500000.000000
False_Northing: 0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 1.000000
Ordinate_Resolution: 1.000000
Planar_Distance_Units: meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101
Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Altitude_System_Definition:
Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988
Altitude_Resolution: 0.15
Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
Altitude_Encoding_Method:
Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Each pixel of the encoded GeoTIFF has an explicit elevation value associated with it. The GeoTIFF grid is encoded with a 1-meter resolution. The input parameters for the random consensus filter (RCF) were: grid cell size (buffer) = 6 meters x 6 meters; vertical tolerance (vertical width) = 1500 centimeters for first surface and 50 centimeters for bare earth.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1078/
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Amar Nayegandhi
Contact_Position: Project Manager
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 (x3026)
Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:00-5:00 EST
Resource_Description: DS 481
Distribution_Liability:
This DVD publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: GeoTIFF
Format_Version_Number: 2
Format_Specification: GeoTIFF
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded via the World Wide Web (WWW)
Offline_Option:
Offline_Media: DVD
Recording_Format: DVD
Fees: Vary
Ordering_Instructions: Contact U.S. Geological Survey.
Turnaround: Vary
Custom_Order_Process: Contact U.S. Geological Survey for details.
Available_Time_Period:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20070630
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20201013
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Xan Yates
Contact_Organization:
Jacobs Technology, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL
Contact_Position: Geologist/GIS Analyst/Metadata Specialist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 (x3086)
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: xyates@usgs.gov
Hours_of_Service: M-F, 9:00-5:30 EST
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time

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