Baseline Coastal Oblique Aerial Photographs Collected from Dauphin Island, Alabama, to Breton Island, Louisiana, August 8, 2012

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Baseline Coastal Oblique Aerial Photographs Collected from Dauphin Island, Alabama, to Breton Island, Louisiana, August 8, 2012
Abstract:
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducts baseline and storm response photography missions to document and understand the changes in vulnerability of the Nation's coasts to extreme storms. On August 8, 2012, the USGS conducted an oblique aerial photographic survey from Dauphin Island, Alabama, to Breton Island, Louisiana, aboard a Cessna 172 aircraft at an altitude of 500 feet (ft) and approximately 1,000 ft offshore (Figure 2). This mission was flown to collect data for assessing incremental changes since the last survey and can be used for assessing future coastal change. The photographs provided here are Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) images. The photograph locations are an estimate of the position of the aircraft do not indicate the location of the feature in the images (see the Navigation Data page). These photographs document the configuration of the barrier islands and other coastal features at the time of the survey. Exiftool was used to add the following to the header of each photo: time of collection, Global Positioning System (GPS) latitude, GPS longitude, keywords, credit, artist (photographer), caption, copyright, and contact information. Photographs can be opened directly with any JPEG-compatible image viewer by clicking on a thumbnail on the contact sheet. All image times are recorded in UTC.Table 1 provides detailed information about the assigned location, name, data, and time the photograph was taken along with links to the photograph. In addition to the photographs, a Google Earth Keyhole Markup Language (KML) file is provided and be used to view the images by clicking on the marker and then clicking on either the thumbnail or the link above the thumbnail. The KML files were created using the photographic navigation files. Note: A KML number was assigned to each photograph to aid navigation of the Google Earth file. These numbers correspond to the site labels in Google Earth.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Morgan, K., and Westphal, K., 2014, Baseline Coastal Oblique Aerial Photographs Collected from Dauphin Island, Alabama, to Breton Island, Louisiana, August 8, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 860, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, Fla..

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Ancillary files included in this release are , and 12cch02.kml, in addition to the digitized oblique aerial image files.
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -89.9912
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.0535166666667
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.4491333333333
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 29.4475833333333
  3. What does it look like?
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0860/maps/index.jpg (JPG)
    Index map of all survey area collected during USGS field activity 12CCH02.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0860/html/images/fig2.jpg (JPG)
    Graphic for Acquisition Geometry (Figure 2) for USGS field activity 12CCH02. Graphic shows basic flight distance from the shore and elevation during the survey for the aircraft used.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0860/html/images/contents.jpg (JPG)
    Graphic used on Contents page of USGS field activity 12CCH02 oblique aerial photographs data series. Graphic shows the directory structure of the publication.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0860/maps/12cch02_1.jpg (JPG)
    Map showing the extent of Area 1 for the baseline coastal oblique aerial photographs from Cat Island, Miss., Chandeleurs Islands and Breton Island, La. The flight path, divided into 5-minute segments, is represented by the alternating purple and yellow line. Pages containing thumbnail images of photographs, referred to as contact sheets, were created based on these segments. NOTE: For the hard copy, DVD, version: Links to the contact sheets are available on both disks, but the links to the full-size photographs will work only if viewing from Disk 1.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0860/maps/12cch02_2.jpg (JPG)
    Map showing the extent of Area 2 for the baseline coastal oblique aerial photographs from Dauphin Island, Ala.to Ship Island, Miss. The flight path is divided up into 5-minute segments, and is represented by the alternating purple and yellow line. Pages containing thumbnail images of photographs, referred to as contact sheets, were created based on these segments. NOTE: For the hard copy, DVD, version: Links to the contact sheets are available on both disks, but the links to the full-size photographs will work only if viewing from Disk 2.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0860/maps/inset_northbenchmark.jpg (JPG)
    Inset map showing the extent of inset_northbenchmark.jpg for the baseline coastal oblique aerial photographs of the Northern Benchmark, Chandeleur Islands, La. The flight path is divided up into 5-minute segments, and is represented by the alternating purple and yellow line. Pages containing thumbnail images of photographs, referred to as contact sheets, were created based on these segments.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0860/maps/inset_breton.jpg (JPG)
    Inset map showing the extent of inset_breton.jpg for the baseline coastal oblique aerial photographs of Breton Island, La. The flight path is divided up into 5-minute segments, and is represented by the alternating purple and yellow line. Pages containing thumbnail images of photographs, referred to as contact sheets, were created based on these segments.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0860/maps/inset_dauphin.jpg (JPG)
    Inset map showing the extent of inset_dauphin.jpg for the baseline coastal oblique aerial photographs of Dauphin Island, Ala. The flight path is divided up into 5-minute segments, and is represented by the alternating purple and yellow line. Pages containing thumbnail images of photographs, referred to as contact sheets, were created based on these segments.
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 08-Aug-2012
    Ending_Date: 08-Aug-2012
    Currentness_Reference:
    Completed
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Multimedia presentation of JPEG images
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      Indirect_Spatial_Reference: none
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is WGS84.
      The ellipsoid used is Geodetic Reference System 80.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    Graphic Image Files: The index map is a JPEG image. The index map shows the baseline coastal oblique aerial photographs collected from Dauphin Island, Alabama, to Breton Island, Louisiana, August 8, 2012 . The index map also shows three region boxes, which link to more detailed maps and indicate how the full-size photographs are divided on the areas; 12CCH02_1 (Area 1) and 12CCH02_2 (Area 2). The survey area maps are JPEG images. The survey maps contain links to the 5-minute segment contact sheet pages.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    Navigation file(s): The processed files (*.csv) and the raw navigation files (*.txt) are tab delimited ASCII text files.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: KML file(s):
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    Subino, J.A., Morgan, K.L.M., Krohn, M.D., Miller, G.K., Dadisman, S.V., Forde, A.S., 2012, Archive of post-Hurricane Charley coastal oblique aerial photographs collected during U.S. Geological Survey field activity 04CCH01 from Marco Island to Fort DeSoto, Florida, August 15, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 651, 2 DVDs, at http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/651/.

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • K. Morgan
    • K. Westphal
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    Funding and (or) support for this study was provided by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP). The authors wish to thank pilot Phillip McMiller for his assistance in data collection. This report benefited from the comments and reviews of Chris Reich and Noreen Buster with the USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC) - St. Petersburg, Fla.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    K. Morgan
    USGS
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8037 (voice)
    kmorgan@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

To provide access to digital photographs taken as part of the August 08, 2012, baseline oblique aerial survey collected along the coast, from Dauphin Island, Alabama, to Breton Island, Louisiana, and to provide access to attribute data that documents the time and location of where each photograph was taken.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 24-Sep-2012 (process 1 of 11)
    Photographs were taken using a Canon EOS Rebel T2i with an EFS 18-135mm lens with image stabilization, automatic focus and a haze filter. Images were written to internal camera cards. Image size is approximately 18 megapixels. Person who carried out this activity:
    K. Morgan
    USGS
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8037 (voice)
    kmorgan@usgs.gov
    Date: 24-Sep-2012 (process 2 of 11)
    Navigation files (one per day) were extracted in multiple file formats (text, *.gdb, *gpx, *mps, *.dxf) from the Garmin GPSMAP 60CSx. The GPS recorded latitude, longitude, date/time, altitude, depth, leg length, leg time, leg speed, and leg course. Person who carried out this activity:
    K. Guy
    USGS
    GIS Specialist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8063 (voice)
    kguy@usgs.gov
    Date: 24-Sep-2012 (process 3 of 11)
    Images were written to internal camera cards. Image size is approximately 18 megapixels. Images in JPG format were saved using the file name format yyyy_mmdd_hhmmssd.jpg (where the "d" signifies digital acquisition using the Canon EOS Rebel). The names provide information about the photograph's year, month, day, hour, minute, and second. For example, image 2012_0808_133636d.jpg was taken August 08, 2012, at 13:36:36 UTC. Best effort is made to set the Canon EOS Rebel's internal clock to within 1 second of UTC at the beginning of the flight. Person who carried out this activity:
    K. Morgan
    USGS
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8037 (voice)
    kmorgan@usgs.gov
    Date: 24-Sep-2012 (process 4 of 11)
    Navigation processing: Using a custom PERL script written by K. Morgan - USGS, GPS data and image files are used to generate CSV files containing latitude, longitude, and time record for each image. The processed navigation file was saved as a comma separated value (CSV) file, 12cch02.csv, using Microsoft Excel 2011. Person who carried out this activity:
    K. Morgan
    USGS
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8037 (voice)
    kmorgan@usgs.gov
    Date: 24-Sep-2012 (process 5 of 11)
    The digital images were organized into 5-minute (time) segments. These 5-minute segments were used to create HTML pages, called contact sheets. A contact sheet was created for every 5-minute segment of the survey. The contact sheets contain thumbnails of each of the photographs. Each thumbnail links to the corresponding full-size area map or photograph. Person who carried out this activity:
    K. Morgan
    USGS
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8037 (voice)
    kmorgan@usgs.gov
    Date: 24-Sep-2012 (process 6 of 11)
    Geospatial Processing: These spreadsheets were edited using Microsoft Excel 2011 and saved as comma-separated value (CSV) files to make them compatible with ArcGIS software. The latitude/longitude data from the CSV navigation file, called XSTORMS.h20120808_photographs, were used to produce ESRI shapefiles using ArcGIS 10.1. These shapefiles were used to produce the JPEG maps included in this report. The shapefiles are not included in this report. Person who carried out this activity:
    K. Morgan
    USGS
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8037 (voice)
    kmorgan@usgs.gov
    Date: 14-Mar-2014 (process 7 of 11)
    Survey map creation: The survey maps provided in this archive were created with Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) ArcGIS 10.1 software and saved as Adobe Illustrator (*.ai) files. Survey maps were edited using Adobe Illustrator CS6 and exported in JPEG format. Person who carried out this activity:
    K. Morgan
    USGS
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8037 (voice)
    kmorgan@usgs.gov
    Date: 14-Mar-2014 (process 8 of 11)
    Google Earth file creation: The KML files were created using the photographic navigation file 12cch02.csv. The USGS is the originator of all other layers. To aide navigation through the Keyhole Markup Language (KML) file, each image was assigned a sequential KML number. Table 1 of this report shows the KML number given to each image, the corresponding image name, and associated attributes. Each point on the Google Earth file contains the KML number, storm name, latitude, longitude, image name, geographic area, date, time, a thumbnail of the full-size photograph, and links to the full-size photographs and contact sheets. Person who carried out this activity:
    K. Morgan
    USGS
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8037 (voice)
    kmorgan@usgs.gov
    Date: 24-Sep-2012 (process 9 of 11)
    EXIF headers: Exchangeable Image File (EXIF) and International Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC) headers were populated from the command prompt using EXIFtools (http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool, 2012) as part of the post-flight processing using a PERL script written by Karen Morgan, USGS - St. Petersburg, Fla. EXIFtools added the following data to the EXIFHeader: time of collection, Global Positioning System (GPS) latitude, GPS longitude, keywords, credit, artist, caption, copyright, and contact information. Person who carried out this activity:
    K. Morgan
    USGS
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8037 (voice)
    kmorgan@usgs.gov
    Date: 14-Mar-2014 (process 10 of 11)
    In addition to the process steps described above, the following steps were taken to produce this data series: digital Field Activity Collection System (FACS) logs were created at the beginning of each flight and saved as PDF and TXT files. In addition, an HTML-based format was used to present the various parts of this archive. Person who carried out this activity:
    K. Morgan
    USGS
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8037 (voice)
    kmorgan@usgs.gov
    Date: 13-Oct-2020 (process 11 of 11)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    Best attempts were made to set the camera to UTC time on the GPS receivers at the beginning of each flight. Latitude, longitude, and time were collected at an interval of approximately once every 2 seconds. NOTE: Latitude and longitude positions in this report refer to the position of the aircraft, not the position of the landmarks photographed. Refer to the Process Steps below for more detail.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    The GPS receiver used to provide navigation is accurate to within <10m. Best attempts were made to keep the same relative distance between the aircraft and the beach in order to keep a constant field of view.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    no known issues
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Data presented here include the digitally collected photographs in JPEG format with EXIF headers imbedded with the individual photograph's location along the flight path of a baseline coastal oblique aerial photographic survey of the coast, from Dauphin Island, Alabama, to Breton Island, Louisiana This mission was flown on August 08, 2012, aboard a Cessna 172, tail number N8899Y. Crew members, contracted by the USGS in St. Petersburg, Fla., include Karen Westphal, photography contractor, with pilot, Phillip McMiller, of Air Reldan. Took still photography along the coast during this survey. GPS Data Collection - Instrument: Garmin GPSMAP 60CSx. Data Collection Interval: 2 Seconds. Data File Format: text, *.gdb, *gpx, *mps, *.dxf. Number of files created: 5 (Note: Only the text file is included in this report). Computer/Software: Computer: None. Software: None. The GPS unit was used to record navigation fixes of the aircraft, not the position of the features imaged.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of the data in future products or derivative research.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    K. Morgan
    USGS
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8037 (voice)
    kmorgan@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 860
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    This publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
    • Availability in digital form:
      Data format: CSV: Comma separate values files representing table information collected during the flight. JPEG: Images can be opened directly with any JPEG-compatible image viewer. The survey's full-size photographs have been divided into two areas; Area 1 has photographs and Area 2 has photographs.TXT: Text files representing the navigation files, FACS log, metadata and read-me files collected during and after the survey. KML: The KMLs provided may be viewed with Google Earth (http://www.google.com/earth/download/ge/agree.html). in format CSV, JPEG, TXT, KML
      Network links: http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0860
    • Cost to order the data:

      Prices vary. None, if obtained online. Price for offline option will vary depending on the number of disks in the flight.

    • Special instructions:
      Publications are available from USGS Information Services, Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO, 80225-0046 (telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS, e-mail: infoservices@usgs.gov).

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 13-Oct-2020
Metadata author:
K. Morgan
USGS
Geologist
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL
USA

(727) 502-8037 (voice)
kmorgan@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/spcmsc/ds860_metadata.faq.html>
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