Baseline coastal oblique aerial photographs collected from the Virginia/North Carolina border to Montauk Point, New York, October 5-6, 2014

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Baseline coastal oblique aerial photographs collected from the Virginia/North Carolina border to Montauk Point, New York, October 5-6, 2014
Abstract:
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducts baseline and storm response photography missions to document and understand the changes in vulnerability of the Nation's coasts to extreme storms. On October 5-6, 2014, the USGS conducted an oblique aerial photographic survey from the Virginia/North Carolina border to Montauk Point, New York, aboard a Cessna 182 aircraft at an altitude of 500 feet (ft) and approximately 1,200 ft offshore (Figure 2, http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0958/html/ds958_fig2.html). This survey was flown to collect data for assessing incremental changes since the previous survey, flown November 2012, and can be used to assess future coastal change. The photographs provided here are Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) images. The photograph locations are an estimate of the position of the aircraft and do not indicate the location of the feature in the images (see the Navigation Data page, for additional details, http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0958/html/ds958_nav.html). These photographs document the configuration of the barrier islands and other coastal features at the time of the survey. ExifTool (http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/) is a free software program for reading, writing, and manipulating image, audio, and video metadata. ExifTool was used to add the following to the header of each photo: time of collection, Global Positioning System (GPS) latitude, GPS longitude, keywords, credit, artist (photographer), caption, copyright, and contact information. Photographs can be opened directly with any JPEG-compatible image viewer by clicking on a thumbnail on the contact sheet. All image times are recorded in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Table 1 (http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0958/html/ds958_table.html) provides detailed information about the assigned location, name, date, and time the photograph was taken along with links to the photograph. In addition to the photographs, a Google Earth Keyhole Markup Language (KML) file is provided and can be used to view the images by clicking on the marker and then clicking on either the thumbnail or the link above the thumbnail. The KML files were created using the photographic navigation files. Note: A KML number was assigned to each photograph to aid navigation of the Google Earth file. These numbers correspond to the site labels in Google Earth.
Supplemental_Information:
For a summary of field activity 2014-330-FA please see http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/field-activity-schedule/activity_popup.php?id=6701. Ancillary files included in this release are ds958_2014-330-FA.csv, ds958_2014-330-FA_1005_gpsmap696.txt, and ds958_2014-330-FA.kml, in addition to the digitized oblique aerial image files.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Morgan, Karen L.M., 2015, Baseline coastal oblique aerial photographs collected from the Virginia/North Carolina border to Montauk Point, New York, October 5-6, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series Data Series 958, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, Fla..

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -76.5017200
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -71.8363990
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.1031220
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.2528580
  3. What does it look like?
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0958/maps/index.jpg (JPEG)
    Map for baseline coastal oblique aerial survey flight path collected from the Virginia/North Carolina border to Montauk Point, New York, October 5-6, 2014.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0958/html/images/fig2.jpg (JPEG)
    The aircraft was flown at a constant altitude of 500 feet (ft) and about 1,200 ft offshore. Best attempts were made to maintain the same relative distance between the aircraft and the shoreline in order to keep a constant field of view.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0958/html/images/contents.jpg (JPEG)
    Graphic used on Contents page of USGS field activity 2014-330-FA oblique aerial photographs Data Series. Graphic shows the directory structure of the publication.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0958/maps/2014-330-FA_1.jpg (JPEG)
    Area 1 - from the Virginia/North Carolina border to Cobb’s Island, Virginia. Map showing the baseline coastal oblique aerial survey flight path divided into 5-minute (time) segments. The flight path is represented by the alternating purple and yellow lines. Pages containing thumbnail images of the photographs, referred to as contact sheets, were created based on these segments. Click on the 5-minute segment name to view each contact sheet.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0958/maps/2014-330-FA_2.jpg (JPEG)
    Area 2 - Hog Island, Virginia, to Ocean City, Maryland. Map showing the baseline coastal oblique aerial survey flight path divided into 5-minute (time) segments. The flight path is represented by the alternating purple and yellow lines. Pages containing thumbnail images of the photographs, referred to as contact sheets, were created based on these segments. Click on the 5-minute segment name to view each contact sheet. Click on the inset box to view a detailed map of the area.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0958/maps/2014-330-FA_3.jpg (JPEG)
    Area 3 - Ocean City, Maryland, to Ocean City, New Jersey. Map showing the baseline coastal oblique aerial survey flight path divided into 5-minute (time) segments. The flight path is represented by the alternating purple and yellow lines. Pages containing thumbnail images of the photographs, referred to as contact sheets, were created based on these segments. Click on the 5-minute segment name to view each contact sheet.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0958/maps/2014-330-FA_4.jpg (JPEG)
    Area 4 - Ocean City, New Jersey, to Breezy Point, New York. Map showing the baseline coastal oblique aerial survey flight path divided into 5-minute (time) segments. The flight path is represented by the alternating purple and yellow lines. Pages containing thumbnail images of the photographs, referred to as contact sheets, were created based on these segments. Click on the 5-minute segment name to view each contact sheet. Click on the inset box to view a detailed map of the area.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0958/maps/2014-330-FA_5.jpg (JPEG)
    Area 5 - Breezy Point, New York, to Smith Point, New York. Map showing the baseline coastal oblique aerial survey flight path divided into 5-minute (time) segments. The flight path is represented by the alternating purple and yellow lines. Pages containing thumbnail images of the photographs, referred to as contact sheets, were created based on these segments. Click on the 5-minute segment name to view each contact sheet. Click on the inset box to view a detailed map of the area.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0958/maps/2014-330-FA_6.jpg (JPEG)
    Area 6 - Smith Point, New York, to Montauk Point, New York. Map showing the baseline coastal oblique aerial survey flight path divided into 5-minute (time) segments. The flight path is represented by the alternating purple and yellow lines. Pages containing thumbnail images of the photographs, referred to as contact sheets, were created based on these segments. Click on the 5-minute segment name to view each contact sheet. Click on the inset box to view a detailed map of the area.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0958/maps/inset04_oceancitymd.jpg (JPEG)
    Ocean City, Maryland, inset map (Area 2). Map showing the flight path of the coastal oblique aerial survey from Ocean City, Maryland, through the north end of Assateague Island, Maryland, on October 5, 2014. Purple and yellow colored lines correspond to 5-minute flight segments that link to contact sheets of associated photo thumbnails. Click on the 5-minute segment name to view each contact sheet.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0958/maps/inset05_matoloking.jpg (JPEG)
    Mantoloking inset map (Area 4). Map showing the flight path of the coastal oblique aerial survey from Manasquan, New Jersey, to Mantoloking, New Jersey, on October 6, 2014. Purple and yellow colored lines correspond to 5-minute flight segments that link to contact sheets of associated photo thumbnails. Click on the 5-minute segment name to view each contact sheet.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0958/maps/inset06_midfireisland.jpg (JPEG)
    Mid-Fire Island inset map (Area 5). Map showing the flight path of the coastal oblique aerial survey from Cherry Grove, New York, to Davis Park, New York, on October 6, 2014. Purple and yellow colored lines correspond to 5-minute flight segments that link to contact sheets of associated photo thumbnails. Click on the 5-minute segment name to view each contact sheet.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0958/maps/inset07_oldinlet.jpg (JPEG)
    Old Inlet inset map (Area 5). Map showing the flight path of the coastal oblique aerial survey from Smith Point, New York, to Bellport Beach, New York, on October 6, 2014. Purple and yellow colored lines correspond to 5-minute flight segments that link to contact sheets of associated photo thumbnails. Click on the 5-minute segment name to view each contact sheet.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0958/maps/inset08_cupsoque.jpg (JPEG)
    Cupsoque inset map (Area 6). Map showing the flight path of the coastal oblique aerial survey from West Hampton Dunes, New York, to Smith Point County Park, New York, on October 6, 2014. Purple and yellow colored lines correspond to 5-minute flight segments that link to contact sheets of associated photo thumbnails. Click on the 5-minute segment name to view each contact sheet.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0958/maps/inset09_shinnecock.jpg (JPEG)
    Shinnecock inset map (Area 6). Map showing the flight path of the coastal oblique aerial survey from East Quogue, New York, to Southampton, New York, on October 6, 2014. Purple and yellow colored lines correspond to 5-minute flight segments that link to contact sheets of associated photo thumbnails. Click on the 5-minute segment name to view each contact sheet.
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 05-Oct-2014
    Ending_Date: 06-Oct-2014
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Multimedia presentation
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      Indirect_Spatial_Reference: none
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is D North American 1983.
      The ellipsoid used is Geodetic Reference System 80.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    Graphic Image Files: The index map is a JPEG image. The index map shows the baseline coastal oblique aerial photographs collected from the Virginia/North Carolina border to Montauk Point, New York, October 5-6, 2014. The index map also shows delineation of six areas, which link to more detailed maps and indicate how the full-size photographs have been divided into area(s) The survey area maps are JPEG images. The survey maps contain links to the 5-minute segment contact sheet pages.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    The navigation files are ds958_2014-330-FA.csv and ds958_2014-330-FA_1005_gpsmap696.txt (located in the nav folder, http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0958/html/ds958_nav.html). The processed file (*.csv, comma delimited) and the raw navigation file (*.txt, tab delimited) are ASCII text files.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: KML file(s): The KML file is ds958_2014-330-FA.kml.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    Subino, J.A., Morgan, K.L.M., Krohn, M.D., Miller, G.K., Dadisman, S.V., and Forde, A.S., 2012, Archive of post-Hurricane Charley coastal oblique aerial photographs collected during U.S. Geological Survey field activity 04CCH01 from Marco Island to Fort DeSoto, Florida, August 15, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 651, 2 DVDs, at http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/651/.

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Karen L.M. Morgan
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    Funding and (or) support for this study was provided by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP). The author wishes to thank pilot, Lee McManus, and photographer, Carol McManus, for their assistance in data collection.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    K. Morgan
    USGS
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8037 (voice)
    kmorgan@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

To provide access to digital photographs taken as part of the October 5-6, 2014, baseline oblique aerial survey collected along the coast, from the Virginia/North Carolina border to Montauk Point, New York, and to provide access to attribute data that document the time and location of where each photograph was taken.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 05-Oct-2014 (process 1 of 11)
    Photographs were taken using a Nikon D7100. Images were saved to internal camera cards. Image size is approximately 24 megapixels. Person who carried out this activity:
    K. Morgan
    USGS
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8037 (voice)
    kmorgan@usgs.gov
    Date: 07-Apr-2015 (process 2 of 11)
    Navigation files were extracted as comma-delimited American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) text files from the Garmin GPSMAP 696. The GPS recorded latitude, longitude, date, and time. Files can be found in the nav folder (http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0958/html/ds958_nav.html). Person who carried out this activity:
    K. Morgan
    USGS
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8037 (voice)
    kmorgan@usgs.gov
    Date: 07-Apr-2015 (process 3 of 11)
    Images were taken with a Nikon D7100 and saved to internal camera cards. Image size is approximately 24 megapixels. Images in JPG format were saved using the file name format yyyy_mmdd_hhmmssd.jpg (where the "d" signifies digital acquisition using the Nikon D7100). The names provide information about the photograph's year, month, day, hour, minute, and second. For example, image 2014_1005_133636d.jpg was taken October 5, 2014, at 13:36:36 UTC. Best effort was made to set the Nikon D7100's internal clock to within 1 second of UTC at the beginning of the flight. Person who carried out this activity:
    K. Morgan
    USGS
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8037 (voice)
    kmorgan@usgs.gov
    Date: 07-Apr-2015 (process 4 of 11)
    Navigation processing: Using a custom Perl script written by K. Morgan, USGS, GPS data and image files were used to generate CSV files containing latitude, longitude, and time record for each image. Each processed navigation file was saved as a comma-separated value (CSV) file, ds958_2014-330-FA.csv, using Microsoft Excel 2011. Person who carried out this activity:
    K. Morgan
    USGS
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8037 (voice)
    kmorgan@usgs.gov
    Date: 07-Apr-2015 (process 5 of 11)
    The digital images were organized into 5-minute (time) segments. These 5-minute segments were used to create HTML pages, called contact sheets. A contact sheet was created for every 5-minute segment of the survey. The contact sheets contain thumbnails of each of the photographs. Each thumbnail links to the corresponding full-size area map or photograph. Person who carried out this activity:
    K. Morgan
    USGS
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8037 (voice)
    kmorgan@usgs.gov
    Date: Apr-2015 (process 6 of 11)
    Geospatial Processing: The navigation data were edited using Microsoft Excel 2011 and saved as CSV files to make them compatible with ArcGIS software and were used to produce an Environmental Systems Research Institute (Esri) shapefiles using ArcGIS 10.1. These shapefiles were used to produce the JPEG maps included in this report; however, the shapefiles are not included in this report. Person who carried out this activity:
    K. Morgan
    USGS
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8037 (voice)
    kmorgan@usgs.gov
    Date: 07-Apr-2015 (process 7 of 11)
    Survey map creation: The survey maps provided in this archive were created with Esri ArcGIS 10.1 software and saved as Adobe Illustrator (*.ai) files. Survey maps were edited using Adobe Illustrator CS6 and exported in JPEG format. Person who carried out this activity:
    K. Morgan
    USGS
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8037 (voice)
    kmorgan@usgs.gov
    Date: 07-Apr-2015 (process 8 of 11)
    Google Earth file creation: The KML files were created using the photographic navigation file ds958_2014-330-FA.csv. To aid navigation through the KML file, each image was assigned a sequential KML number. Table 1 of this report shows the KML number given to each image, the corresponding image name, and associated attributes. Each point on the Google Earth file contains the KML number, storm name, latitude, longitude, image name, geographic area, date, time, a thumbnail of the full-size photograph, and links to the full-size photographs and contact sheets. Person who carried out this activity:
    K. Morgan
    USGS
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8037 (voice)
    kmorgan@usgs.gov
    Date: 07-Apr-2015 (process 9 of 11)
    EXIF headers: Exchangeable Image File (EXIF) and International Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC) headers were populated from the command prompt using ExifTool (http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool, 2012) as part of the post-flight processing using a Perl script written by Karen Morgan, USGS - St. Petersburg, Florida. ExifTool added the following data to the EXIFHeader: time of collection, GPS latitude, GPS longitude, keywords, credit, artist (photographer), caption, copyright, and contact information. Person who carried out this activity:
    K. Morgan
    USGS
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8037 (voice)
    kmorgan@usgs.gov
    Date: 07-Apr-2015 (process 10 of 11)
    In addition to the process steps described above, the following steps were taken to produce this Data Series: Digital Field Activity Collection System (FACS) logs were created at the beginning of each flight and saved as PDF and TXT files. In addition, an HTML-based format was used to present the various parts of this archive. Person who carried out this activity:
    K. Morgan
    USGS
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8037 (voice)
    kmorgan@usgs.gov
    Date: 13-Oct-2020 (process 11 of 11)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    Best attempts were made to set the camera to UTC time on the GPS receivers at the beginning of each flight. Latitude, longitude, and time were collected at an interval of approximately once every 3 to 5 seconds. NOTE: Latitude and longitude positions in this report refer to the position of the aircraft, not the position of the landmarks photographed. Refer to the Process Steps below for more detail.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Best attempts were made to maintain the same relative distance between the aircraft and the beach in order to keep a constant field of view.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    No known issues. GPS file contains dates and times through Oct 7, 2014, 00:47:37 UTC, reflecting the aircraft transit back to the airport in Virginia.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Data presented here include the digitally collected photographs in JPEG format with EXIF headers embedded with the individual photograph's location along the flight path of a baseline coastal oblique aerial photographic survey of the coast, from the Virginia/North Carolina border to Montauk Point, New York. This mission was flown on October 5-6, 2014, aboard a Cessna 182, tail number N8479S. Crew members, contracted by the USGS in St. Petersburg, Fla., include Carol McManus, photography contractor, with pilot, Lee McManus, of Top Cover Virginia, LLC. Still photography was collected along the coast during this survey. GPS Data Collection - Instrument: Garmin GPSMAP 696. Data Collection Interval: Variable, every 5-15 seconds. Data File Format: ASCII Number of files created: 1. Computer/Software: none Software: none. GPS file contains dates and times through Oct 7, 2014, 00:47:37 UTC, reflecting the aircraft transit back to the airport in Virginia. The GPS unit was used to record navigation fixes of the aircraft, not the position of the features imaged. For a summary of field activity 2014-330-FA please see http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/field-activity-schedule/activity_popup.php?id=6701.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of the data in future products or derivative research.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    K. Morgan
    USGS
    Geologist
    600 4th Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 502-8037 (voice)
    kmorgan@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 958
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    This publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
    • Availability in digital form:
      Data format: CSV: Comma-separate value files representing table information collected during the flight. JPEG: Images can be opened directly with any JPEG-compatible image viewer. The survey's full-size photographs are divided into six areas. KML: ds958_2014-330-FA.kml has 5,870 photographs. TXT: Text files representing the navigation files, FACS log, metadata and readme files collected during and after the survey. KML: The KMLs provided may be viewed with Google Earth (http://www.google.com/earth/download/ge/agree.html). in format CSV, JPEG, TXT, KML
      Network links: http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0958
    • Cost to order the data: Prices vary. None.

    • Special instructions:
      Publications are available from USGS Information Services, Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, Col., 80225-0046 (telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS, e-mail: infoservices@usgs.gov).

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 13-Oct-2020
Metadata author:
K. Morgan
USGS
Geologist
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL
USA

(727) 502-8037 (voice)
kmorgan@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/spcmsc/ds958_metadata.faq.html>
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