Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
The video camera collected 12.3-megapixel images. Images may be obscured by water droplets, insects, birds, salt, sand and dirt, poor visibility from adverse weather conditions or sun glare, and thus may not reflect the true state of the beach and ocean.
Due to data storage limitations and closer proximity to the shoreline, timestacks were preferably created using camera 1 (c1). However, if the view was obscured in c1, then camera 2 (c2) was used instead. There were 26 instances when timestacks were collected by both cameras simultaneously at the beginning of the experiment. The selected camera was programmed to collect three-band images every hour during daylight hours and take video for approximately 17 minutes. A timestack image for the 17-minute period was created by sampling a single transect on the beach.
The imagery represents a fixed location within the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge on the Outer Banks of North Carolina. Images may not be available every hour of operation due to camera malfunction. Images may be obscured by water droplets, insects, birds, salt, sand and dirt, poor visibility from adverse weather conditions or sun glare, and thus may not reflect the true state of the beach and ocean. Depending on the conditions, one camera (c1 or c2) was used to create hourly timestacks. There were 26 instances when timestacks were collected by both cameras simultaneously at the beginning of the experiment. This product is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
The horizontal accuracy of the camera's external orientation was verified using data collected in field activity 2021-340-FA and processed with the CIRN Quantitative Coastal Imaging Toolbox (Bruder and Brodie, 2020). Extrinsic calibration surveys for c2 were performed at the DUNEX site on September 18, 2021, and October 6, 2021. Horizontal accuracy was obtained by comparing the ground control points from the extrinsic calibration surveys in Over and others (2022) to user selected ground control points in the camera images. For the September 18, 2021, survey: the absolute mean x error is 0.07 meters, and the absolute mean y error is 0.30 meters. For the October 6, 2021, survey: the absolute mean x error is 0.011 meters, and the absolute mean y error is 0.1 meters. Please refer to the dunex_c2_20210918_EO and dunex_c2_20211006_EO zip files and the dunex_c2_calibration_metadata record included in Brown and others (2024) for more information. Horizontal coordinates are referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (National Spatial Reference System 2011) Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 18 North (NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 18N) coordinate system. Additionally, coordinates in the local coordinate system, as well as latitude and longitude (NAD83), are included.
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
The vertical accuracy of the camera's external orientation was verified using data collected in field activity 2021-340-FA and processed with the CIRN Quantitative Coastal Imaging Toolbox (Bruder and Brodie, 2020). Please refer to the dunex_c2_20210918_EO and dunex_c2_20211006_EO zip files and the dunex_c2_calibration_metadata record included in Brown and others (2024) for more information. Vertical positions are referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) coordinate system.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Jenna A. Brown
Originator: Margaret L. Palmsten
Originator: Eric Swanson
Publication_Date: 20240726
Title: USGS CoastCam at DUNEX: Calibration Data
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data, raster digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1GDP4HR
Type_of_Source_Media: JPEG, YML, comma-delimited-text
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Multiple_Dates/Times:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20210914
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20210918
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20211006
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
dunex_c2_20210914_IO, dunex_c2_20210918_EO, dunex_c2_20211006_EO
Source_Contribution:
Images to solve camera intrinsic and extrinsic orientation along with solved parameters during imagery and timestack data collection during DUNEX.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Jin-Si R. Over
Originator: Christopher R. Sherwood
Originator: Peter A. Traykovski
Originator: Sandra M. Brosnahan
Originator: Alexander J. Olson
Publication_Date: 20220607
Title:
DUNEX topographic, bathymetric, and supporting GPS data collected in Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge, North Carolina 2020-2021
Edition: 1.1
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DPZZG2
Online_Linkage:
Online_Linkage:
Type_of_Source_Media: comma-separated values
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20210911
Ending_Date: 20211020
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: GNSS survey data
Source_Contribution:
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) survey data collected within the field-of-view of the camera used to estimate positional accuracy and generate a topo-bathymetric surface.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
To utilize the CoastCam imagery to make quantitative measurements, such as wave runup, both intrinsic orientation (IO) and extrinsic orientation (EO) calibration data is needed. Please refer to the dunex_c2_20210914_IO.zip, dunex_c2_20210918_EO.zip, and dunex_c2_20211006_EO.zip files and the dunex_c2_calibration_metadata record included in Brown and others (2024) for access to the IO and EO calibration data and more information on the calibration process. After the IO calibration was complete, the cameras were mounted on towers within the dunes at USFWS PINWR on 20210918. The cameras were connected to a control computer, powered by a solar panel and battery, and had a wireless network card. The control computer was connected to a hard drive to transfer the images upon collection.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: dunex_c2_20210914_IO
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: dunex_c2_20210918_EO
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: dunex_c2_20211006_EO
Process_Date: 20211006
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Jenna A. Brown
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: US
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727)-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jenniferbrown@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Due to data storage limitations and closer proximity to the shoreline, timestacks were preferably created using camera 1 (c1). However, if the view was obscured in c1, then camera 2 (c2) was used instead. There were 26 instances when timestacks were collected by both cameras simultaneously at the beginning of the experiment. The selected camera was programmed to collect three-band (RGB) images at 2 Hertz (Hz) for a total of 17 minutes (2040 images), every hour during daylight hours. The images from c2 included in this data release were collected from September 18, 2021, to October 20, 2021. Each hour the camera was activated, a timestack image product was produced by sampling intensity values at a single transect of pixels, defined by (U,V) pixel coordinates, from the 2040 images and saved in Tag Image File Format (.tiff). The (U,V) sampling locations were determined by identifying a cross-shore transect of locations in a local horizontal (X,Y) coordinate system, which aligned perpendicular to the local shoreline orientation. The elevation of samples was chosen as Z = 0 m NAVD88, which is an elevation assumed to be near the water line. XYZ-sampling locations were projected into (U,V) image coordinates following established methods (Bruder and Brodie, 2020; Palmsten and Brodie, 2022) and using the camera calibration information (Brown and others, 2024). To create the timestacks, the raw images were saved on the control computer s hard drive, then processed locally to produce one timestack per hour.
Process_Date: 20241020
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: TIFF timestack
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Jenna A. Brown
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: US
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727)-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jenniferbrown@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Because pixels were stored assuming an elevation of Z = 0 m and the true beach surface may vary, an additional processing step was needed to project the sampling locations onto a topographic-bathymetric surface representative of the beach at the time of the image data collection following previously described methods (Holland and others, 1997; Palmsten and Brodie, 2022). The topographic-bathymetric surface was developed from GNSS survey data collected within the field of view of the camera (Over and others, 2024). The point data were interpolated onto a grid using a scattered interpolation method. The local (X,Y) coordinates were rotated and translated into UTM coordinates using information describing the local origin and rotation angle for the DUNEX site, where the horizontal reference frame (X,Y) was NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 18N. The (X,Y) coordinates were also translated from UTM to WGS84 latitude and longitude coordinates using the UTM Python library version 0.7.0.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: GNSS survey data
Process_Date: 20240627
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Eric Swanson
Contact_Organization:
Cherokee Nation System Solutions contracted to the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: eswanson@contractor.usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
A netCDF (.nc) file was created for each timestack image using the netCDF4 Python library version 1.6.4. Each netCDF file includes the timestack image; the sampling locations in (1) UV image coordinates, (2) XY UTM coordinates, (3) XY local coordinates, and (4) latitude and longitude coordinates; the Z-elevation coordinates projected onto the beach surface; and the times of collection. The timestack image was stored as a three-dimensional array of RGB pixel intensity values. The sampling locations were stored as two-dimensional arrays. The Z-elevation coordinates were stored as a one-dimensional array. The times of the collection, sampled at 2 Hz, were stored as a one-dimensional array, where each index of the array contained a time represented as epoch time, seconds elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC on January 1, 1970. Additional metadata was included in the netCDF files as global and variable attributes using the Climate and Forecast (CF)-compliant metadata convention (version CF-1.6). These attributes describe the data collection, as well as how the different coordinate systems are used within the data.
Process_Date: 20240627
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: netCDF timestack
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Eric Swanson
Contact_Organization:
Cherokee Nation System Solutions contracted to the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: eswanson@contractor.usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
A total of 411 netCDF timestack files (190 for c1, 221 for c2) are included in this release and can be viewed and downloaded on the data release webpagevia the zip files. The netCDF files all use the same format in their filenames. This format has ten period-separated elements. They are as follows: 1) the start time of the timestack collection in epoch time format--seconds elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC on January 1 1970, 2) the day of the week the timestack was collected, abbreviated to three letters, 3) the month the timestack was collected, abbreviated to three letters, 4) the date when the timestack was collected in the format dd_hh_mm_ss where 'dd' is the day of the month, 'hh' is the hour in 24-hour format, 'mm' is the minute, and 'ss' is the second, 5) the timezone for date previously described 6) the year the timestack was collected, 7) the site nickname where the timestack was collected, 8) the camera the timestack was collected from, either c1 or c2, 9) the name of the transect sampled to create the timestack (e.g., runup250 indicates cross-shore wave runup timestack collected at a location 250 m alongshore from the camera), and 10) the file extension, .nc. An example of a filename formatted in this way is 1631988000.Sat.Sep.18_18_00_00.GMT.2021.dunex.c2.runup250.nc.
Process_Date: 20240627
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: *.nc
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: USGS SPCMSC Data Management Group
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov
