Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2015 Title: Shorelines Extracted from 1984-2015 Landsat Imagery: Dauphin Island, Alabama (Polyline: Individual Dates) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/F7028PMP Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, Florida. Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7028PMP Description: Abstract: Shorelines Extracted from 1984-2015 Landsat Imagery: Dauphin Island, Alabama (Polyline: Individual Dates) is a line shapefile representing shorelines generated from satellite imagery that was collected from 1984 to 2015. The sample frequency of satellite imagery is much higher, and the coverage much greater, than most routine high-resolution topographic surveys. Certain aspects of barrier island morphology, such as island size, shape and position, can be determined from these images and can indicate erosion, land loss, and island breakup. Studying how these characteristics evolve will help develop an understanding of how barrier islands will respond to climate change, sea level rise, and major storms in the future and that will serve to improve management of our coastal resources. Purpose: To document the Dauphin Island, Ala. shorelines, from March 25, 1984 to April 21, 2015 as observed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM), Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus(ETM+), and Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) satellite imagery. These data will aid in developing an understanding of the change in barrier island size, shape and position, which can indicate erosion, land loss and island breakup. This dataset, dauphin_lines_individual_dates.zip, and others are included in a USGS Data-Release, which can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.5066/F7028PMP. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19840325 Ending_Date: 20150421 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.344176 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.072631 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.286370 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.204887 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:b42f9747-4975-40db-a5c6-6975432186d2 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: satellite imagery Theme_Keyword: remote sensing Theme_Keyword: Landsat 5 Theme_Keyword: Landsat 7 Theme_Keyword: Landsat 8 Theme_Keyword: Thematic Mapper (TM) Theme_Keyword: Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) Theme_Keyword: Operational Land Imager (OLI) Theme_Keyword: barrier island Theme_Keyword: shoreline Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Theme_Keyword: LAND SURFACE > LAND USE/LAND COVER > LAND COVER Theme_Keyword: OCEAN > COASTAL PROCESSES > BARRIER ISLANDS Theme_Keyword: COASTAL PROCESSES > BEACHES Theme_Keyword: DOI/USGS/CMG > COASTAL AND MARINE GEOLOGY, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) Keywords Theme_Keyword: mapping Theme_Keyword: shore Theme_Keyword: shoreline erosion Theme_Keyword: shoreline accretion Theme_Keyword: barrier island migration Theme_Keyword: remote sensing Theme_Keyword: aerial and satellite photography Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme_Keyword: erosion Theme_Keyword: shoreline accretion Theme_Keyword: barrier island migration Theme_Keyword: remote sensing Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Alabama Place_Keyword: Dauphin Island Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: Mobile County Place_Keyword: Gulf of Mexico Place_Keyword: Mississippi Sound Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Temporal_Keyword: 1984 Temporal_Keyword: 1985 Temporal_Keyword: 1986 Temporal_Keyword: 1987 Temporal_Keyword: 1988 Temporal_Keyword: 1989 Temporal_Keyword: 1990 Temporal_Keyword: 1991 Temporal_Keyword: 1992 Temporal_Keyword: 1993 Temporal_Keyword: 1994 Temporal_Keyword: 1995 Temporal_Keyword: 1996 Temporal_Keyword: 1997 Temporal_Keyword: 1998 Temporal_Keyword: 1999 Temporal_Keyword: 2000 Temporal_Keyword: 2001 Temporal_Keyword: 2002 Temporal_Keyword: 2003 Temporal_Keyword: 2004 Temporal_Keyword: 2005 Temporal_Keyword: 2006 Temporal_Keyword: 2007 Temporal_Keyword: 2008 Temporal_Keyword: 2009 Temporal_Keyword: 2010 Temporal_Keyword: 2011 Temporal_Keyword: 2013 Temporal_Keyword: 2014 Temporal_Keyword: 2015 Access_Constraints: None. Use_Constraints: None. However, variability in image quality from one date to another, from one image to another on the same date, and from one part of a single image to another part of the same image, exists due to many factors including variation in sun angle, atmospheric conditions, season, reflectivity of the earth surface, camera angle, camera lens, camera settings, film sensitivity, water turbidity, water depth, tide level, waves, and error in image rectification. No adjustments were made to account for tide level. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Kristy Guy Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th St. S. City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8181 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kguy@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: Monday through Friday 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM (Eastern Time) Data_Set_Credit: Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Coastal and Marine Geology Program (SPCMSC), as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices. Sharing of new data layers developed directly from these data would also be appreciated by the U.S. Geological Survey staff. Users should be aware that comparisons with other datasets for the same area from other time periods may be inaccurate due to inconsistencies resulting from changes in photointerpretation, mapping conventions, and digital processes over time. These data are not legal documents and are not to be used as such. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcGIS 10.2.2.3552. Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: Variations in image quality and in atmospheric and surface conditions may have affected the quality of the shorelines. Tide levels vary from image to image which affects the apparent shoreline. No adjustments were made for varying tide levels. Completeness_Report: This dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract section. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Landsat 7 ETM+ images after May 2003 were not used due to striping caused by the failure of the instrument's scan-line corrector. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The horizontal accuracy of the data is unknown. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: USGS Publication_Date: 2011 Title: USGS Landsat 5 TM Images Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: satellite imagery Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, SD Publisher: USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19840325 Ending_Date: 20111104 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 5 TM Source_Contribution: This data source was used to identify barrier island shorelines. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: USGS Publication_Date: 2003 Title: USGS Landsat 7 ETM+ Images Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: satellite imagery Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, SD Publisher: USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19991111 Ending_Date: 20030530 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 7 ETM+ Source_Contribution: This data source was used to identify barrier island shorelines. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: USGS Publication_Date: 2015 Title: USGS Landsat 8 OLI Images Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: satellite imagery Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, SD Publisher: USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20130517 Ending_Date: 20150421 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 8 OLI Source_Contribution: This data source was used to identify barrier island shorelines. Process_Step: Process_Description: Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM), Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) satellite imagery were acquired in digital format from the U.S. Geological Survey Global Visualization Viewer (http://glovis.usgs.gov/). Images were selected based on cloud-free areas of interest. Landsat 7 ETM+ images after May 2003 were not used due to striping caused by the failure of the instrument's scan-line corrector. The Landsat images were processed using ArcGIS. Images were subset (trimmed) to the area of interest and isolines were generated based on the numerical values of band 7. Band 7, an infrared band (2.08-2.35 µm for TM, 2.09-2.35 µm for ETM+, 2.11-2.29 µm for OLI), clearly distinguishes land from water due to the absorption of these wavelengths by water (Lillesand and Kiefer, 1987) resulting in a low reflectance in contrast to the higher reflectance of land areas, particularly sand. Each isoline was visually compared with its corresponding image and the isoline that best represented the land/water line was selected to represent the shoreline and saved to a shapefile. Wet, marshy shorelines were less reliably delineated using this method and varied more with tide level than the sandy shorelines. When necessary, small hand edits were made to the selected isolines. Predicted tide levels relative to Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW) from the Dauphin Island tide station were obtained from a tide and current prediction program, WXTide32, (www.wxtide32.com) and added as an attribute to dauphin_ln_19840325_20150421.shp. No adjustments were made to the shorelines for varying tide levels. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 5 TM Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 7 ETM+ Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat 8 OLI Process_Date: 2014 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_ln_*.shp Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: USGS Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th St. S. City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8181 Hours_of_Service: Monday through Friday 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM (Eastern Time) Contact_Instructions: If unable to reach the contact by telephone, please leave a voice message. Process_Step: Process_Description: Keywords section of metadata optimized for discovery in USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Data Catalog. Process_Date: 20170214 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Alan O. Allwardt Contact_Position: Contractor -- Information Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7551 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 831-427-4748 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: aallwardt@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20201013 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 68618 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 16 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0 False_Easting: 500000.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.6096 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.6096 Planar_Distance_Units: meter Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: Geographic Coordinate System World Geodetic System WGS 1984 Ellipsoid_Name: World Geodetic System 1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: dauphin_ln_*.shp Entity_Type_Definition: ESRI polyline features representing Dauphin Island, Alabama shorelines from 1984-2015. The SPCMSC created 223 individual date shapefiles that were combined into one shapefile. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Polyline Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shape of feature. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute: Attribute_Label: Date_ Attribute_Definition: Date of satellite image source. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Date that the source image was collected in month, day, and year format. Attribute: Attribute_Label: YYYYMMDD Attribute_Definition: Date that the source image was collected formatted as an 8-digit number representing the year, month, and day. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Date formatted as an 8-digit number representing year, month, and day. Attribute: Attribute_Label: WXT32Dau Attribute_Definition: The predicted tide level, in meters relative to MLLW, at the Dauphin Island tide station at the time of image collection. These data were obtained from WXTide32 (www.wxtide32.com), a tide and current prediction program. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.26 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.55 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Landsat Attribute_Definition: The Landsat satellite number. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 5 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Number of the Landsat satellite. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 7 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Number of the Landsat satellite. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 8 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Number of the Landsat satellite. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Kristy Guy Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Fla. Contact_Position: GIS/RS Analyst Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Hours_of_Service: Monday-Friday, 9:00-5:00 Eastern Time Resource_Description: Downloadable data - USGS Data Release Distribution_Liability: Although these data were processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ArcGIS shapefile Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7028PMP/data/dauphin_lines_individual_dates.zip Fees: None if obtained online; otherwise prices vary. Ordering_Instructions: Publications are available from USGS Information Services, Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225-0046 (telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS, e-mail: infoservices@usgs.gov). Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20201013 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: USGS Contact_Person: Kristy Guy Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8181 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kguy@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: Monday through Friday 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM (Eastern Time) Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Access_Constraints: None. Metadata_Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Coastal and Marine Geology Program as the originator of these data in future products or derivative research. Metadata_Security_Information: Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None. Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None.