Archive of Chirp Seismic Reflection Data Collected During USGS Cruises 01SCC01 and 01SCC02, Timbalier Bay and Offshore East Timbalier Island, Louisiana, June 30 - July 9 and August 1 - 12, 2001

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What does this data set describe?

Title:
Archive of Chirp Seismic Reflection Data Collected During USGS Cruises 01SCC01 and 01SCC02, Timbalier Bay and Offshore East Timbalier Island, Louisiana, June 30 - July 9 and August 1 - 12, 2001
Abstract:
This archive consists of two-dimensional marine seismic reflection profile data collected in Timbalier Bay and in the Gulf of Mexico offshore East Timbalier Island, Louisiana. These data were acquired in June, July, and August of 2001 aboard the R/V G.K. Gilbert. Included here are data in a variety of formats including binary, American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII), Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Portable Document Format (PDF), Rich Text Format (RTF), Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) and Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) images, and shapefiles. Binary data are in Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) SEG-Y format and may be downloaded for further processing or display. Reference maps and GIF images of the profiles may be viewed with a web browser. The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) information provided is compatible with Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) GIS software.
For more information on the seismic surveys see http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/g/g401la/html/g-4-01-la.meta.html and http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/g/g501la/html/g-5-01-la.meta.html
These data are also available via GeoMapApp (http://www.geomapapp.org/) and Virtual Ocean (http://www.virtualocean.org/) earth science exploration and visualization applications.
Supplemental_Information:
The USGS Center for Coastal and Watershed Studies team in St. Petersburg, Florida, assigns a unique identifier to all seismic data collected during each cruise or field activity. The method used to assign the identifier for the activity is as follows: YYPPP##, where YY stands for the last 2 digits of the year in which the fieldwork is conducted, PPP is a 3-letter abbreviation for the project the data are collected for, and ## is a 2-digit event tag that represents a discreet leg or time period of fieldwork. Here, for example, 01SCC01 tells us the data were collected in 2001 for the Subsidence and Coastal Change Project and that the data were collected during the first field activity for that project in that calendar year. The naming convention the center uses for each seismic line is as follows: yye###a, where yy is the last 2 digits of the year in which the data were collected, e is a 1-letter abbreviation for the equipment type (i.e. c for chirp and b for boomer), ### is a 3-digit number representing a specific track, and a is a 1-letter abbreviation representing the section of a line if recording was prematurely terminated. Seismic reflection profiles are acquired by means of an acoustic source (usually generated electronically) and hydrophone or receiver arrays. Both elements are typically towed in the water behind a survey vessel. The sound source emits a short acoustic pulse, or shot, that propagates through the water and sediment column. The acoustic energy is reflected at density boundaries (such as the seafloor or sediment layers beneath the seafloor) and detected at the receiver. This process is repeated at intervals ranging between 100 milliseconds (ms) and 1 second (s) depending on the seismic source employed. In this way, a two-dimensional vertical image of the geologic structure beneath the ship track can be interpreted. The chirp system uses a signal of continuously varying frequency. The seismic source employed consisted of an EdgeTech X-Star SB-424 tow fish running Triton Elics FSSB software. The tow fish is routinely flown 2 - 5 m above the seafloor. Therefore, water depths shown on the chirp profiles are relative to the depth of the tow fish and not to sea level. Furthermore, the raising or lowering of the tow fish during a survey (to avoid obstacles or follow relief) produces a relative shift in the multiple reflections seen in the profile, which may be confused as a geologic feature. Any elevation change of the tow fish is recorded in the crew logbook. The fish was towed about 10 m behind the Global Positioning System (GPS) antenna, and no correction for this offset has been made. The sample frequency of the data was 25 kilohertz (kHz). All tracklines were recorded to 32 ms. Based on survey speeds of 3.5 - 4 knots and a shot rate of 0.125 s, the shot spacing was about 0.25 m. For each recorded shot of the chirp data, 3 channels of trace data were collected. Channel 3 is the "real," or in-phase component of the signal, channel 2 is the "imaginary," or quadrative component of the signal, and channel 1 is the "envelope," or product of channels 2 and 3. Only channel 1 was used to produce the profiles presented here. However, all channels are included in the SEG-Y data files. No SEG-Y data exists for tracklines 01c003, 01c011, 01c012, or 01c027. The original trace files for tracklines 01c001, 01c002, 01c009, 01c010, 01c015, 01c016, 01c019, 01c029, 01c031, 01c047, 01c048, 01c049, and 01c068 were broken up into 2 or more new trace files (i.e. 01c001 became 01c001a and 01c001b) because the original total number of traces exceeds the maximum allowed by the processing system. Seismic data were stored in SEG-Y format, which is a standard digital format that can be read and manipulated by most seismic processing software packages. The SEG-Y file format includes a 3,200-byte descriptive header that contains detailed information regarding the data acquisition and processing parameters. All data presented here are stored in SEG-Y, integer, Motorola format. The SEG-Y data files are too large to fit on one Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), so they have been distributed onto four discs with the SEG-Y data files for lines 01c001a - 01c019b on Disc 1, lines 01c020 - 01c040 on Disc 2, lines 01c041 - 01c060 on Disc 3, and lines 01c061 - 01c081 on Disc 4. The SEG-Y formatted trace data files have a .TRA extension. Additional recording parameters for each seismic data file can also be found in the .PAR file associated with each .TRA file. However, the .PAR and .pln files are only needed to process or display the data with Triton Elics Delph Seismic software. Differential GPS (DGPS) navigation was provided to the acquisition system every second by a WAAS/Beacon DGPS receiver. The accuracy of this receiver is within 5 m. However, the data required some editing to remove spurious data values. The edited results were used to generate the trackline maps presented here. The navigation data have not been corrected to reflect the 10-m offset between the shotpoint and the GPS antenna. Position fixes for every 1,000 shots and for the starts of lines are also provided as an aid for registering of the data after plotting. All navigation files are stored as flat ASCII text files. The trackline maps provided in this archive are in geographic projection. They were created using ESRI GIS software ArcView 3.2, exported to Adobe Illustrator for further editing, and saved for the web in JPEG format. These JPEG images are viewable with a web browser. Also included on each disc is the ESRI ArcView project and shapefiles used to create the trackline maps presented here. The project is compatible with ArcView 3.x (Unix or Windows) and ArcGIS 8.x (Windows). The shapefiles can also be viewed using public domain software ArcExplorer 2.0 (Windows) and 4.0 (Windows, Unix, Linux), which can currently be downloaded from the ESRI website at <http://www.esri.com/software/arcexplorer/index.html>. Field Activity Collection System (FACS) logs are available in both HTML and Rich Text Format. Scanned versions of the handwritten logbooks are also provided as Adobe Acrobat PDF files. Also included on each disc are example Seismic Unix (SU) scripts that allow the user to strip off navigation fixes from the SEG-Y headers, along with a fix for every 1,000 shots, and produce a gained GIF image of each profile. These images can then be displayed using a variety of shareware programs such as ImageMagick (Unix or Linux) or a web browser.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Calderon, Karynna, Dadisman, Shawn V., Flocks, James G., Wiese, Dana S., and Kindinger, Jack L., 2003, Archive of Chirp Seismic Reflection Data Collected During USGS Cruises 01SCC01 and 01SCC02, Timbalier Bay and Offshore East Timbalier Island, Louisiana, June 30 - July 9 and August 1 - 12, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-271, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -90.395033
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -90.182895
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 29.143576
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 28.946107
  3. What does it look like?
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-271/maps/all.jpg (JPEG)
    Trackline map of all chirp seismic reflection data collected during USGS Cruises 01SCC01 and 01SCC02. These data were collected in Timbalier Bay and in the Gulf of Mexico offshore of East Timbalier Island, Louisiana, in June, July, and August of 2001. This map is in geographic projection and was created at a scale of 1:200,000 using ESRI GIS software ArcView 3.2. The image was exported to Adobe Illustrator for further editing and saved for the web in JPEG format. The USGS is not the originator of all layers used in creating the maps presented in this archive. The rivers layer is a Louisiana Oil Spill Coordinator's Office (LOSCO) data set derived from ESRI/Geographic Data Technology, Inc. (GDT) data that were in turn derived from Bureau of the Census TIGER/Line files. The water bodies layer is also a LOSCO data set derived from ESRI/GDT data.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-271/maps/area_a.jpg (JPEG)
    Trackline map of chirp seismic reflection data collected in Area A of Timbalier Bay, Louisiana (refer to Area A of the full survey map), during USGS Cruises 01SCC01 and 01SCC02 in June, July, and August of 2001. This map is in geographic projection and was created at a scale of 1:100,000 using ESRI GIS software ArcView 3.2. The image was exported to Adobe Illustrator for further editing and saved for the web in JPEG format. The USGS is not the originator of all layers used in creating this map. The rivers layer is a LOSCO data set derived from ESRI/GDT data that were in turn derived from Bureau of the Census TIGER/Line files. The water bodies layer is also a LOSCO data set derived from ESRI/GDT data.
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-271/maps/area_b.jpg (JPEG)
    Trackline map of chirp seismic reflection data collected in Area B of the Gulf of Mexico offshore of East Timbalier Island, Louisiana (refer to Area B of the full survey map), during USGS Cruises 01SCC01 and 01SCC02 in June, July, and August of 2001. This map is in geographic projection and was created at a scale of 1:100,000 using ESRI GIS software ArcView 3.2. The image was exported to Adobe Illustrator for further editing and saved for the web in JPEG format. The USGS is not the originator of all layers used in creating this map. The rivers layer is a LOSCO data set derived from ESRI/GDT data that were in turn derived from Bureau of the Census TIGER/Line files. The water bodies layer is also a LOSCO data set derived from ESRI/GDT data.
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 30-Jun-2001
    Ending_Date: 12-Aug-2001
    Currentness_Reference:
    Data collection interval
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Seismic Reflection Profile Section
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      Indirect_Spatial_Reference:
      Horizontal X and Y locations (both UTMs and latitude and longitude) for each shot location are provided in ASCII position files, along with the time the shot was recorded in Greenwich Mean Time.
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.000009. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.000009. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is WGS84.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS84.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    Binary data file: Each profile is available as a binary file in Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) SEG-Y format. A SEG-Y file consists of 1) a 3,200-byte file identification record of ASCII-formatted general information, 2) a 400-byte binary record with information such as sample rate and record length specific to the data set, and 3) multiple records, with three seismic reflection traces per record for chirp data. Each trace record is preceded by a 240-byte trace header containing information such as trace number and acquisition day and time specific to each trace. The trace data are represented as a time series of unitless 16-bit integer or 32-bit real numbers proportional to the reflection coefficient. The SEG-Y file is useful only if you have access to specialized software designed to process and display seismic reflection data. These SEG-Y files have a .TRA extension and range in size from 3.29 to 268 MB.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    Graphic image file: Each profile is available as a GIF image. The trackline maps provided are JPEG images that contain hotlinks to the seismic profile images. The profiles range in size from 115 KB to 5.5 MB.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    Barry, K.M., Cavers, D.A., and Kneale, C.W., 1975, Recommended standards for digital tape formats: Geophysics, v. 40, n.2, p. 344-352. Also available online at: <http://www.seg.org/publications/tech-stand/index_body.html>.

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Karynna Calderon
    • Shawn V. Dadisman
    • James G. Flocks
    • Dana S. Wiese
    • Jack L. Kindinger
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    Funding and/or support for this study were provided by the Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP) of the USGS, the University of New Orleans, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the Louisiana Department of Natural Resources. We thank boat captains Dave Bennett of Eckerd College in St. Petersburg, Florida, and Keith A. Ludwig and Richard W. Young of the USGS in St. Petersburg, Florida, for their assistance in data collection. We also thank reviewers Terence N. Edgar of the USGS in St. Petersburg, Florida, and Patricia A. Metz of the USGS in Tampa, Florida, whose comments improved this document.
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Jack L. Kindinger
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Oceanographer
    600 Fourth Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 803-8747, ext. 3018 (voice)
    jkindinger@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

Marine seismic reflection data are used to image and map sedimentary and structural features of the seafloor and subsurface. These data are useful in mapping stratigraphy and in assessing other submarine geologic characteristics and features. These data were collected as part of a Louisiana Sand Resources Study done in cooperation with the University of New Orleans, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the Louisiana Department of Natural Resources. This study is part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Subsidence and Coastal Change (SCC) project.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2002 (process 1 of 6)
    Chirp processing: Raw SEG-Y data were processed with Seismic Unix to produce the GIF seismic profiles included in this report. A representative data processing sequence consisted of: 1) Strip off channel 1 for each shot and convert to SU format 2) Automatic gain control 3) Postscript display 4) Convert Postscript to GIF format
    Date: 2002 (process 2 of 6)
    Positional (navigation) data: As the seismic reflection data were acquired, the position of the vessel was continuously determined by a DGPS receiver. Positions were recorded approximately every second and written to the SEG-Y headers. The ASCII navigation and 1,000-shot interval navigation files were extracted from the SEG-Y headers using Seismic Unix scripts.
    Date: 2002 (process 3 of 6)
    Editing navigation: The ASCII navigation files were extracted from the SEG-Y headers and edited to remove spurious data points. The data were then processed using PROJ.4 freeware to convert Zone 15 UTMs to latitude and longitude and reformat the data for use with ESRI GIS software ArcView 3.2. Both sets of coordinates are provided for all lines.
    Date: 2002 (process 4 of 6)
    Open-File preparation: No processing has been done to the SEG-Y data files provided on these discs. The data were displayed as 8-bit gray scale Postscript files using the Seismic Unix 'psimage' algorithm. The Postscript images were then converted to GIF images with ImageMagick.
    Date: 24-Jan-2017 (process 5 of 6)
    Keywords section of metadata optimized for discovery in USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Data Catalog. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Alan O. Allwardt
    Contractor -- Information Specialist
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-460-7551 (voice)
    831-427-4748 (FAX)
    aallwardt@usgs.gov
    Date: 13-Oct-2020 (process 6 of 6)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    The validity or accuracy of marine seismic reflection profiles is highly qualitative and depends on equipment and operating condition variables. Visual inspection of the images rendered from the data did not show any major anomalies. The original trackline 01c001 was divided into 01c001a and b; 01c002 into 01c002a, b, and c; 01c009 into 01c009a, b, and c; 01c010 into 01c010a and b; 01c015 into 01c015a and b; 01c016 into 01c016a and b; 01c019 into 01c019a and b; 01c029 into 01c029a, b, and c; 01c031 into 01c031a and b; 01c047 into 01c047a, b, and c; 01c048 into 01c048a, b, and c; 01c049 into 01c049a and b; and 01c068 into 01c068a and b because the original total number of traces exceeds the maximum allowed by the processing system.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    The positional accuracy was determined with a WAAS/Beacon DGPS receiver. The accuracy of this receiver is within 5 m. The DGPS data were fed to a navigation computer running Hypack software, which converted the data to Zone 15 Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates. The UTM string was fed every second to the Delph Seismic acquisition system, and navigation fixes were recorded in the SEG-Y headers. However, the tow fish was towed about 10 m behind the GPS antenna, and no correction for this offset has been made.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    Chirp data depth is relative to the depth of the tow fish.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    These data are collected along tracklines (2D). Therefore, data are inherently incomplete. Geologic details between lines must be inferred. No digital data exists for tracklines 01c003, 01c011, 01c012, or 01c027.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    These data sets are from two cruises with consistent instrument calibrations.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None. These data are held in the public domain.
Use_Constraints:
The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as the originator of the data in future products or derivative research.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    Shawn V. Dadisman
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    600 Fourth Street South
    St. Petersburg, FL
    USA

    (727) 803-8747, ext. 3029 (voice)
    sdadisman@usgs.gov
    Contact_Instructions:
    Data may be available on-line only by special arrangement with the distributor above.
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-271
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    This Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference therein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Any views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Although all data published on these DVDs have been used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data and related materials and/or the functioning of the software. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of this data, software, or related materials.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
    • Availability in digital form:
      Data format: The SEG-Y standard format (Barry et al., 1975) consists of the following: a 3,600-byte reel identification header with the first 3,200 bytes consisting of an ASCII header block and a 400-byte binary header block that both include information specific to line and reel number, a trace data block that follows the reel identification header with the first 240 bytes of each trace block consisting of the binary trace identification header, and seismic data samples that follow the trace identification header. in format SEG-Y Size: 14800
      Media you can order: DVD (format UDF (Universal Disc Format))
      Note: UNIX, LINUX, DOS, MAC
      Data format: GIS project and layers used to create the trackline maps presented in this archive and associated metadata. in format ESRI project, shapefile, metadata Size: 22.1
      Network links: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-271/software/arc/arc.zip
      Data format: The SEG-Y standard format (Barry et al., 1975) consists of the following: a 3,600-byte reel identification header with the first 3,200 bytes consisting of an ASCII header block and a 400-byte binary header block that both include information specific to line and reel number, a trace data block that follows the reel identification header with the first 240 bytes of each trace block consisting of the binary trace identification header, and seismic data samples that follow the trace identification header. in format SEGY data download Size: 14800
      Network links: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-271/segy/
    • Cost to order the data:

      Available from the Denver Open-File Sales Department. Prices vary.

    • Special instructions:
      Most open-file reports are available from USGS Information Services, Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 (telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS; email: infoservices@usgs.gov).
  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    Use of SEG-Y data requires specialized seismic processing software, such as Unix or Linux-based public domain software Seismic Unix (SU) developed by the Colorado School of Mines Center for Wave Phenomena, which can be downloaded at <http://www.cwp.mines.edu/cwpcodes/index.html>.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 13-Oct-2020
Metadata author:
Karynna Calderon
U.S. Geological Survey
Geographer, Data Management Group
600 Fourth Street South
St. Petersburg, FL
USA

(727) 803-8747, ext. 3143 (voice)
kcalderon@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)

This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/spcmsc/of2003-271metadata.faq.html>
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