Probability Model Outputs: National Assessment of Nor'easter-Induced Coastal Erosion Hazards: Mid- and Northeast Atlantic Coast (Polyline Shapefile)

Frequently anticipated questions:

• What does this data set describe?
  1. How might this data set be cited?
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
• Who produced the data set?
  1. Who are the originators of the data set?
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
• Why was the data set created?
• How was the data set created?
  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
• How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?
  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the data, including topology?
• How can someone get a copy of the data set?
  1. Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
  2. Who distributes the data?
  3. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  4. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
  5. How can I download or order the data?
• Who wrote the metadata?

What does this data set describe?

1. How might this data set be cited?
   Birchler, Justin J., Dalyander, P. Soupy, Stockdon, Hilary F., and Doran, Kara S., 20150921, Probability Model Outputs: National Assessment of Nor'easter-Induced Coastal Erosion Hazards: Mid- and Northeast Atlantic Coast (Polyline Shapefile).

   Online Links:

   • http://olga.er.usgs.gov/data/NACCH/Noreasters_erosion_hazards.zip

   This is part of the following larger work.
   U.S. Geological Survey, 2015, National Assessment of Nor'easter-Induced Coastal Erosion Hazards: Mid- and Northeast Atlantic Coast.

   Online Links:

   • http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1154

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: -78.548858
   East_Bounding_Coordinate: -69.725425
   North_Bounding_Coordinate: 43.780844
   South_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.850068
   

3. What does it look like?
4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Beginning_Date: 04-May-2010

   Ending_Date: 29-Nov-2012

   Currentness_Reference:

   ground condition

5. What is the general form of this data set?

   Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
   

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Vector data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • String (1991)
   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 8.9831528411952133e-009. Longitudes are given to the nearest 8.9831528411952133e-009. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal Degrees. The horizontal datum used is D WGS 1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS 1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.
      
7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

   Noreasters_erosion_hazards

   Probabilities of nor'easter-induced coastal erosion, dune morphology, and nor'easter hydrodynamic data. (Source: USGS)

   FID

   Internal feature number. (Source: Esri) Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

   Shape

   Feature geometry. (Source: Esri) Coordinates defining the features.

   DHIGH

   Elevation of dune crest in meters NAVD88. (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.958297
   Maximum:	46.906606
   Units:	meters NAVD88

   DLOW

   Elevation of the dune toe in meters NAVD88. (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.903735
   Maximum:	7.123182
   Units:	meters NAVD88

   DHIrms

   Root mean squared error of dune crest elevation measurements (square meters). (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.031295
   Maximum:	12.021563
   Units:	square meters

   DLOrms

   Root mean square error of dune toe elevation measurements (square meters). (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.012952
   Maximum:	3.270477
   Units:	square meters

   SURGE1

   Storm surge water level for a class 1 storm. (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.772525
   Maximum:	2.229094
   Units:	meters NAVD88

   SURGE2

   Storm surge water level for a class 2 storm. (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.011087
   Maximum:	2.499437
   Units:	meters NAVD88

   SURGE3

   Storm surge water level for a class 3 storm. (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.297647
   Maximum:	2.846024
   Units:	meters NAVD88

   RUNUP1

   Wave runup water level for a class 1 storm. (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.983955
   Maximum:	9.33028
   Units:	meters NAVD88

   RUNUP2

   Wave runup water level for a class 2 storm. (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.190305
   Maximum:	10.770283
   Units:	meters NAVD88

   RUNUP3

   Wave runup water level for a class 3 storm. (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.446597
   Maximum:	13.578389
   Units:	meters NAVD88

   SETUP1

   Wave setup water level for a class 1 storm. (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.060643
   Maximum:	4.034949
   Units:	meters NAVD88

   SETUP2

   Wave setup water level for a class 2 storm. (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.073873
   Maximum:	4.657976
   Units:	meters NAVD88

   SETUP3

   Wave setup water level for a class 3 storm. (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.087308
   Maximum:	5.872471
   Units:	meters NAVD88

   PCOL1

   Probability of collision from class 1 storm (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.031562
   Maximum:	100.00
   Units:	percent

   PCOL2

   Probability of collision from class 2 storm (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	2.202268
   Maximum:	100.00
   Units:	percent

   PCOL3

   Probability of collision from class 3 storm (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	19.727957
   Maximum:	100.00
   Units:	percent

   POVW1

   Probability of overwash from class 1 storm (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.00
   Maximum:	99.99999
   Units:	percent

   POVW2

   Probability of overwash from class 2 storm (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.00
   Maximum:	100.0
   Units:	percent

   POVW3

   Probability of overwash from class 3 storm (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.00
   Maximum:	100.00
   Units:	percent

   PIND1

   Probability of inundation from class 1 storm (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.00
   Maximum:	99.833556
   Units:	percent

   PIND2

   Probability of inundation from class 2 storm (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.00
   Maximum:	100.00
   Units:	percent

   PIND3

   Probability of inundation from class 3 storm (Source: USGS)

   Value	Definition
   -999	Null value

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.00
   Maximum:	100.00
   Units:	percent

   MEAN1

   Mean water level for a class 1 storm (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.815728
   Maximum:	5.590826
   Units:	meters NAVD88

   MEAN2

   Mean water level for a class 2 storm (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.075374
   Maximum:	6.483548
   Units:	meters NAVD88

   MEAN3

   Mean water level for a class 3 storm (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.398169
   Maximum:	8.042241
   Units:	meters NAVD88

   EXTREME1

   Extreme water level for a class 1 storm (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.815728
   Maximum:	10.886157
   Units:	meters NAVD88

   EXTREME2

   Extreme water level for a class 2 storm (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.075374
   Maximum:	12.595855
   Units:	meters NAVD88

   EXTREME3

   Extreme water level for a class 3 storm (Source: USGS)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.398169
   Maximum:	15.748159
   Units:	meters NAVD88

Who produced the data set?

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
   • Justin J. Birchler
   • P. Soupy Dalyander
   • Hilary F. Stockdon
   • Kara S. Doran
2. Who also contributed to the data set?

   The predicted elevations of storm surge for class 1-3 nor'easters were extracted from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) model, which was completed over a 31-year period from 1979 to 2009 and was designed and executed as a global, high resolution, coupled atmosphere-ocean-land surface-sea ice system to provide the best estimate of the state of these coupled domains over this period. The predicted elevations of high tide were extracted from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) tide gages at six long-running gage locations along the Mid- and Northeast Atlantic coast. Wave runup and setup conditions were generated using the NOAA WaveWatch III (NWW3) model results using winds from the CFSR. The wave runup and setup conditions were complemented by measured data from six long-runnng NOAA National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) wave buoys in shallow water along the Mid- and Northeast Atlantic coast.

3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
   U.S. Geological Survey

   Attn: Hilary Stockdon

   600 4th Street South

   Saint Petersburg, FL
   

   UNITED STATES

   727-502-8074 (voice)

   727-502-8001 (FAX)

   hstockdon@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

To provide data on the probability of nor'easter-induced coastal erosion hazards for the Mid- and Northeast Atlantic coast.

How was the data set created?

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?

   CFSR (source 1 of 11)

   National Centers for Environmental Prediction, National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 201001, NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis.

   Online Links:

   • http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds093.0/#!description

   Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
   Source_Contribution:

   Data provides hourly estimates of non-tidal surge and was used to estimate storm surge water level under nor'easter classes.

   NWW3 (source 2 of 11)

   Environmental Modeling Center, National Weather Service, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, 20131001, NOAA WAVEWATCH III CFSR Reanalysis Hindcasts.

   Online Links:

   • http://polar.ncep.noaa.gov/waves/CFSR_hindcast.shtml

   Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
   Source_Contribution:

   Data provides wave parameters every three hours and was used to estimate wave runup and setup under nor'easter classes.

   Tides (source 3 of 11)

   National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 20131015, NOAA Tide Predictions.

   Online Links:

   • http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/noaatidepredictions/NOAATidesFacade.jsp?Stationid=8651370
   • http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/noaatidepredictions/NOAATidesFacade.jsp?Stationid=8570283
   • http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/noaatidepredictions/NOAATidesFacade.jsp?Stationid=8531680
   • http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/noaatidepredictions/NOAATidesFacade.jsp?Stationid=8510560
   • http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/noaatidepredictions/NOAATidesFacade.jsp?Stationid=8443970
   • http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/noaatidepredictions/NOAATidesFacade.jsp?Stationid=8418150

   Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
   Source_Contribution:

   Data provides hourly estimates of tidal water levels (at Duck, NC; Ocean City Inlet, MD; Sandy Hook, NJ; Montauk, NY; Boston, MA; and Portland, ME) and was used to assimilate storm surge water level under nor'easter classes.

   Wave Buoys (source 4 of 11)

   National Data Buoy Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 20150330, National Data Buoy Center Buoy Stations.

   Online Links:

   • http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/station_page.php?station=44014
   • http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/station_page.php?station=44009
   • http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/station_page.php?station=44025
   • http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/station_page.php?station=44017
   • http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/station_page.php?station=44013
   • http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/station_page.php?station=44007

   Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
   Source_Contribution:

   Data provides hourly estimates of wave parameters (near Virginia Beach, VA; Cape May, NJ; Islip, NY; Montauk Point, NY; Boston, MA; and Portland, ME) and was used to assimilate significant wave height and dominant wave period in order to estimate wave runup and setup under nor'easter classes.

   USACE NE (source 5 of 11)

   Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Office for Coastal Management (OCM), and  JALBTCX (Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of eXpertise), 201408, 2010 US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of eXpertise (JALBTCX) Topobathy Lidar: Northeast (MA, ME, NH, RI).

   Online Links:

   • http://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/index.html?action=advsearch&qType=in&qFld=ID&qVal=1174

   Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
   Source_Contribution:

   A lidar survey that was used to estimate dune morphology variables.

   USACE SE (source 6 of 11)

    Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Office for Coastal Management (OCM), and  JALBTCX (Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of eXpertise), 20141114, 2010 US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of eXpertise (JALBTCX) Southeast Lidar: Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina.

   Online Links:

   • http://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/index.html?action=advsearch&qType=in&qFld=ID&qVal=1070

   Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
   Source_Contribution:

   A lidar survey that was used to estimate dune morphology variables.

   USACE East LI, NY (source 7 of 11)

   Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Office for Coastal Management (OCM), 201301, 2012 USACE Post Hurricane Sandy Topographic LiDAR: Eastern Long Island, New York.

   Online Links:

   • http://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/index.html?action=advsearch&qType=in&qFld=ID&qVal=1436

   Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
   Source_Contribution:

   A lidar survey that was used to estimate dune morphology variables.

   USGS NC, VA, MD, DE, NY Post-Sandy (source 8 of 11)

   Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Office for Coastal Management (OCM), and U.S. Geological Survey, 201306, 2012 U.S. Geological Survey Topographic Lidar: Northeast Atlantic Coast Post-Hurricane Sandy: USGS Data Series 765.

   Online Links:

   • http://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/index.html?action=advsearch&qType=in&qFld=ID&qVal=2488
   • http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/765/

   Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
   Source_Contribution:

   A lidar survey that was used to estimate dune morphology variables.

   USACE West LI, NY (source 9 of 11)

    Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Office for Coastal Management (OCM), and  JALBTCX (Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of eXpertise), 201305, 2012 USACE Topobathy Lidar: Post Sandy (NJ & NY).

   Online Links:

   • http://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/index.html?action=advsearch&qType=in&qFld=ID&qVal=2478

   Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
   Source_Contribution:

   A lidar survey that was used to estimate dune morphology variables.

   USGS NJ Post-Sandy (source 10 of 11)

   U.S. Geological Survey, and  Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Office for Coastal Management (OCM), 20140715, 2012 USGS EAARL-B Coastal Topography: Post-Sandy, First Surface (NJ): USGS Data Series 767.

   Online Links:

   • http://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/index.html?action=advsearch&qType=in&qFld=ID&qVal=3657
   • Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/767/

   Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
   Source_Contribution:

   A lidar survey that was used to estimate dune morphology variables.

   USGS MV, NK Post-Sandy (source 11 of 11)

   Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Office for Coastal Management (OCM), 201301, 2012 USACE Post Hurricane Sandy Topographic LiDAR: Rhode Island and Massachusetts Coast.

   Online Links:

   • http://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/index.html?action=advsearch&qType=in&qFld=ID&qVal=1435

   Type_of_Source_Media: Online digital data
   Source_Contribution:

   A lidar survey that was used to estimate dune morphology variables.

2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: 2014 (process 1 of 4)

   For dune morphology data: Elevation data from lidar surveys were interpolated in MATLAB (R2014a) to a gridded domain that was rotated parallel to the shoreline and had a resolution of 10 m in the long-shore direction and 2.5 m in the cross-shore direction. The interpolation method applies spatial filtering with a Hanning window that is twice as wide as the grid resolution. Dune morphology data are extracted from the elevation grid in MATLAB. Dune morphology data are then summarized to 1 km sections. Sections with greater than 75 percent of data missing are flagged with the invalid number of -999. The 1-kilometer smoothed dune crest, toe and root mean square (RMS) error for each were written to line shapefiles using Matlab's shapewrite.m script. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   U.S. Geological Survey

   Attn: Justin J. Birchler

   600 4th Street South

   Saint Petersburg, FL
   

   UNITED STATES

   727-502-8019 (voice)

   727-502-8001 (FAX)

   jbirchler@usgs.gov

   Data sources used in this process:

   • USACE NE
   • USACE SE
   • USACE East LI, NY
   • USGS NC, VA, MD, DE, NY Post-Sandy
   • USACE West LI, NY
   • USGS NJ Post-Sandy
   • USGS MV, NK Post-Sandy

   Data sources produced in this process:

   • Dune morphology (DHIGH, DLOW, DHIrms, DLOrms)

   Date: 2015 (process 2 of 4)

   For hydrodynamic data: Water level is computed in MATLAB (R2014a) by adding storm surge from NOAA NCEP CFSR model to wave setup and runup. The wave height and period for calculating wave runup and setup come from the NWW3 model. Hydrodynamic parameters were calculated in MATLAB and exported into ArcGIS format. For details on modeling parameterization, see: Stockdon, H.F., Doran, K.J., Thompson, D.M., Sopkin, K.L., Plant, N.G., and Sallenger, A.H., 2012, National assessment of hurricane-induced coastal erosion hazards: Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1084, 51 p. http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1084/ Person who carried out this activity:
   

   U.S. Geological Survey

   Attn: Justin J. Birchler

   600 4th Street South

   Saint Petersburg, FL
   

   UNITED STATES

   727-502-8019 (voice)

   727-502-8001 (FAX)

   jbirchler@usgs.gov

   Data sources used in this process:

   • CFSR
   • NWW3

   Data sources produced in this process:

   • Hydrodynamics (SURGE, SETUP, RUNUP)

   Date: 2015 (process 3 of 4)

   Probabilities of coastal erosion hazards are based on estimating the likelihood that the beach system will experience erosion and deposition patterns consistent with collision, overwash, or inundation regimes. The regimes are calculated by using values of dune morphology and mean and extreme water levels for each 1 km section, such that probability of collision occurs when extreme water levels reach the dune toe; overwash when extreme water levels reach the dune crest; and inundation when mean water levels reach the dune crest. Probabilities were calculated in MATLAB and exported in ArcGIS format. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   U.S. Geological Survey

   Attn: Justin J. Birchler

   600 4th Street South

   Saint Petersburg, FL
   

   UNITED STATES

   727-502-8019 (voice)

   727-502-8001 (FAX)

   jbirchler@usgs.gov

   Data sources used in this process:

   • Dune morphology
   • Hydrodynamics

   Data sources produced in this process:

   • Probabilities (PCOL, POVW, PIND)

   Date: 13-Oct-2020 (process 4 of 4)

   Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   U.S. Geological Survey

   Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross

   Marine Geologist

   384 Woods Hole Road

   Woods Hole, MA
   

   508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)

   508-457-2310 (FAX)

   vatnipp@usgs.gov

3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

1. How well have the observations been checked?
   
2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
   Horizontal accuracy was not estimated.
3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
   Vertical accuracy for hydrodynamic measurements (surge, setup, and runup) is dependent on input data. CFSR-modeled surge elevations were compared to six long-running NOAA tide gages in shallow water along the Mid- and Northeast Atlantic coast and surge elevations were assimilated based on this comparison for class 1-3 nor'easters. Modeled wave heights and wave periods were compared to observed wave heights at six long-running NOAA NDBC buoys located in shallow water along the Mid- and Northeast Atlantic coast and simulated wave heights were representative of maximum possible wave heights for each nor'easter category. No other accuracy checks were performed. Vertical accuracy for dune morphology (dune crest and toe elevation) data is dependent on the positional accuracy of the lidar data. Estimated accuracy of lidar surveys is +/- 15 centimeters. However, vertical accuracies may vary based on the type of terrain (for example, inaccuracies may increase as slope increases or with the presence of extremely dense vegetation) and the accuracy of the GPS and aircraft-attitude measurements.
4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
   These data include dune morphology, and nor'easter hydrodynamic data used to generate probabilities of nor'easter-induced erosion. Elevation data from lidar surveys are not included. Measurements are collected approximately every 10-meters and summarized to 1-km segments.
5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
   No additional checks for consistency were performed on this data.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:

The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originators of the data in future products or derivative research.

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
   
   U.S. Geological Survey

   Attn: Justin J. Birchler

   600 4th Street South

   Saint Petersburg, FL
   

   727-502-8019 (voice)

   727-502-8001 (FAX)

   jbirchler@usgs.gov

   Contact_Instructions: All of this report is available on-line.
   

2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

   Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

4. How can I download or order the data?
   • Availability in digital form:

     Data format:	SHP; ZIP (version 1) The erosion hazards data (Noreasters_erosion_hazards.shp) is an ArcGIS shapefile polyline dataset compressed into a zip file with metadata.
     Network links:	http://olga.er.usgs.gov/data/NACCH/Noreasters_erosion_hazards.zip http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1154/

   • Cost to order the data: None, if obtained online.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:

Last modified: 13-Oct-2020

Metadata author:

U.S. Geological Survey

Attn: Justin J. Birchler

600 4th Street South

Saint Petersburg, FL

UNITED STATES

727-502-8019 (voice)

727-502-8001 (FAX)

jbirchler@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:

FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)