Abstract:
This web application dataset includes data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as well as environmental climatic, geochemical, and mineralogical variables from various sources. NOTE: This web application is no longer being supported, and has been removed from ArcGIS Online as of September 30, 2023. Please see the Process Steps of this metadata record for more information.
Layers include: U.S. Boundary Layers (States, Counties, Watersheds, and EPA Regions), Bacillus anthracis PCR results (rpoB, pXO1, pXO2 genetic markers), Outbreak Counties, NOAA U.S. Climate Normals for Precipitation 1981-2010 (inches per year), USDA Census Data and Non-Agricultural Bison Herd Population Data, Soil pH (SSURGO), Soil pH (STATSGO), Slope (SSURGO), Slope (STATSGO), Flood Frequency (SSURGO), Flood Frequency (STATSGO), Drainage Class (SSURGO), Drainage Class (STATSGO), USGS Soil Geochemistry (0-5 cm depth), USGS Soil Geochemistry (A-horizon), USGS Soil Geochemistry (C-horizon), NOAA NCDC - Average Precipitation, NOAA NCDC - Average Temperature, USGS 2012 100m National Elevation Dataset (NED), and the NDFD Real-Time 72 Hour Precipitation Forecast.
Purpose:
In cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Homeland Security Research Center, this dataset was created due to the desire to know the relationship between the presence/absence of Bacillus anthracis and environmental variables. Environmental variables, such as (but not limited to) the geochemical make-up of the soil, ambient meteorological conditions, soil moisture content, land use, and more, are included to help predict persistence and natural occurrence of B. anthracis in the environment. These data will be utilized to provide a graphical representation of areas within the U.S. that may have a high probability of containing these biothreat agents in the soil. Therefore, this web application was developed to help researchers and public health officials prepare for potential contamination events concerning biothreat agents.
Supplemental_Information:
Project Supplemental Information and Problem Definition/Background:
In order to protect the environment from current and potential threats posed by uncontrolled, intentional release of hazardous substances, pollutants, and contaminants, the biothreat research community recognizes the need to consider background concentrations to determine whether a detected constituent is part of the naturally occurring environment or a contaminant associated with an accidental or purposeful release. Therefore, background studies for biothreat organisms are necessary to determine the existing risk to the public from endemic microorganisms. The North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project (NASGLP) of the USGS Mineral Resources Program collected soil at a density of 1 site per 1600 square km (~13,500 sites across North America) to expand geochemical database information for the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. All samples collected for the NASGLP were uniformly analyzed for more than 40 major and trace elements, and limited microbial characterization (Smith 2005; Smith 2009). Sample collection began in 2007 and was later expanded to include analysis of the samples from the conterminous U.S. (48 states) for the presence of B. anthracis with funding from the USGS and the EPA. A total of 4,786 soil samples were received, cataloged and screened at USGS Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL for the presence of Bacillus sp. and B. anthracis.
It should be noted that the data represents a snapshot in time and caution should be taken against making direct correlations or causations with this data. Users should be aware that layers in this application represent various units of measure and differing scales and any potential comparisons should be made taking this into consideration.
Objectives:
The goal of this project was to plot results from soil samples and secondary data (including but not limited to presence/absence of pathogens of interest [B. anthracis, Bacillus species], geochemical composition of the soil, ambient meteorological conditions, soil moisture content, and land use)
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:c76d839b-bcf1-4c52-bdf5-3afbd1968f66
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme_Keyword: health
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: natural background bacteria
Theme_Keyword: soil
Theme_Keyword: biothreat organisms
Theme_Keyword: geochemistry
Theme_Keyword: mineralogy
Theme_Keyword: Bacillus anthracis
Theme_Keyword: land use
Theme_Keyword: climate
Theme_Keyword: soil moisture
Theme_Keyword: atmospheric and climatic processes
Theme_Keyword: microbes
Theme_Keyword: pathogen
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Conterminous United States
Stratum:
Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Stratum_Keyword: A-horizon
Stratum_Keyword: C-horizon
Stratum_Keyword: Top 5 cm
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of these data in future products or derivative research.
Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices for data source is expected. Sharing of new data layers developed directly from these data would also be appreciated by the U.S. Geological Survey staff. These data are not legal documents and are not to be used as such.
Citation_Information:
Originator:
Smith, D.B., Cannon, W.F., Woodruff, L.G., Garrett, R.G., Klassen, R., Kilburn, J.E., Horton, J.D., King, H.D., Goldhaber, M.B., and Morrison, J.M.
Publication_Date: 2005
Title:
Major- and Trace-Element Concentrations in Soil from Two Continental-Scale Transects of the United States and Canada
Series_Information:
Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: OFR 2005-1253
Citation_Information:
Originator:
Smith, D.B., Woodruff, L.G., O'Leary, R.M., Cannon, W.F., Garret, R.G., Kilburn, J.E., and Goldhaber, M.B.
Publication_Date: 2009
Title:
Pilot studies for the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project - Site selection, sampling protocols, analytical methods, and quality control protocols
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Applied Geochemistry
Issue_Identification: 24(8), p. 1357-1368