Neil K. Ganju Patrick J. Dickhudt Ellyn T. Montgomery Patrick Brennand R. Kyle Derby Thomas W. Brooks Marinna A. Martini Jonathan Borden Sandy Baldwin 20260506 1.1 netCDF data release DOI:10.5066/P14HXWKQ Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program https://doi.org/10.5066/P14HXWKQ Neil K. Ganju Patrick J. Dickhudt Ellyn T. Montgomery Patrick Brennand R. Kyle Derby Thomas W. Brooks Marinna A. Martini Jonathan Borden Sandy Baldwin 2012 1.1 netCDF data release DOI:10.5066/P14HXWKQ Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Ganju, N.K., Dickhudt, P.J., Montgomery, E.T., Brennand, P., Derby, R.K, Brooks, T.W., Martini, M.A., Borden, J., and Baldwin, S., 2012, Oceanographic and Water-Quality Measurements-- Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge, Maryland, 2011 (ver. 1.1, September 2015): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P14HXWKQ. https://doi.org/10.5066/P14HXWKQ Suspended-sediment transport is a critical element governing the geomorphology of tidal marshes. Marshes rely both on organic material and inorganic sediment deposition to maintain their elevation relative to sea-level. In wetlands near the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge, MD, portions of the salt marsh have been subsiding relative to sea level since the early 20th century. Other portions of the marsh have been successful at maintaining elevation. The USGS undertook measurements of suspended-sediment concentration in the tidal channels in order to understand the magnitude of suspended-sediment concentrations, the sediment-transport mechanisms, and relative differences between the two areas of the marsh. We deployed optical turbidity sensors and acoustic velocity meters at multiple sites over two periods in 2011. The time-series of oceanographic data collected during those field studies, including velocity, depth, turbidity, salinity, water temperature, and pH are presented here. For more information on the field operations associated with data collection: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2011-017-FA; https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2011-029-FA; https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2011-044-FA; https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2011-050-FA. The originally-processed, authoritative netCDF data files are provided in Equatorial Pacific Information Collection (EPIC) metadata convention, which has since been retired. A translated version is also available in the currently-used Climate and Forecast (CF) metadata convention. The primary difference between the two conventions is that EPIC has two time variables to represent Julian Day and milliseconds, while CF only has one time variable. Additionally, burst data and some waves files were not converted to CF due to the inability to handle 2D time with multidimensional variables. Therefore, the CF files may not represent all the data files released. Files may be downloaded or accessed using the Open-source Project for a Network Data Access Protocol (OPeNDAP) or via Thematic Realtime Environmental Distributed Data Services (THREDDS). This dataset in CF-1.6 convention provides measurements from an estuarine field study that occurred in the spring and fall of 2011. The data were collected in support of efforts to model the circulation, nutrient and sediment fluxes in the marsh. The background and experimental setup are described in the open file report "Summary of Oceanographic and Water-Quality Measurements near the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge, 2011", https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1099/. The basic sampling interval data files are provided at the rate at which the sensor made observations- no temporal averaging, filtering or subsampling was done. The data files are accessible by clicking the file name. 201103 201112 ground condition of data collection; data were not collected during the entire span of dates. See the sampling interval link for specific start and end dates for each instrument. Complete None planned -76.1 -75.95 +38.425 +38.35 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:56d198cd-319e-4095-8a66-98279c226db9 None Oceanographic observations Currents Dissolved Oxygen Pressure U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program CMGP Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center WHCMSC netCDF 2011-017-FA 2011-029-FA 2011-044-FA 2011-050-FA ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans inlandWaters geoscientificInformation climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere USGS Thesaurus navigational data marine geophysics salinity turbidity water temperature oxygen content (water) Common geographic areas Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge United States North America Maryland None Chesapeake Bay DelMarva Mid-Atlantic MD None 2011 spring fall No access constraints. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details. These data are marked with a Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0-1.0) public domain dedication and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. Neil K. Ganju U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 United States (508) 457-8700 x2252 nganju@usgs.gov Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program and Global Climate Change Program. E.T. Montgomery M.A. Martini F.L. Lightsom Bradford Butman 2008 Open-File Report 2007-1194 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071194 N.K. Ganju P.J. Dickhudt E.T. Montgomery P. Brennand R.K. Derby T.W. Brooks M.A. Martini J. Borden S. Baldwin 2011 Open-File Report 2012-1099 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121099 Data are logically consistent The data have been edited to remove outlying points and data recorded when the instruments were out of the water (before and after deployment or at low tide). The deployment locations were measured by a hand-held GPS (Garmin GPS C76). The sensors were mounted on poles or the channel bottom in less than 5 meters of water. The tidal range here is ~0.5 meters so as the tide changes, so will the relative depth. Height above the bottom will not change and be accurate to within 5 cm, while depth may change significantly. FIELD PROGRAM: Between March and May 2011, continuous measurements were collected at three sites in the Blackwater complex (moorings 903, 904, 905) and three sites in the Fishing Bay complex (moorings 906, 907,908). Identical pole-mounted YSI sensors were deployed at all six sites. Parameters measured include water level, salinity, temperature, dissolved Oxygen, pH, and turbidity. Between September and October 2011, continuous measurements were collected at two sites in the Blackwater complex (moorings 916, 917) and two sites in the Fishing Bay complex (moorings 915, 918). A pole-mounted YSI and an upward looking current profiler were deployed at sites 915 and 916, with a pole-mounted turbidity sensor deployed at 917 and 918. Parameters measured include water level, water velocity, salinity, temperature, dissolved Oxygen, and turbidity. 2012 DATA PROCESSING: Data processing was conducted using the proprietary software for each instrument, and (or) specialized software developed by the USGS. The proprietary software was often used to download data from the instruments and export the data to ASCII-files. Post-processing of the raw binary or ASCII files was accomplished using USGS software developed in the MATLAB (http://www.mathworks.com/) programming language. As part of the processing, instrument-specific formats were converted to the EPIC-standard NetCDF format (http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/epic/) and scientific units. Data were carefully checked for inconsistencies, time drift, and other problems and then edited if needed. The beginning and end of each data series were truncated to remove data collected out of water. After final editing, the best basic version of the data file that includes all variables recorded at the basic sampling interval (the fastest rate at which the sensor sampled) is published. 2012 Ellyn Montgomery U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 United States 508-457-8700 x2356 emontgomery@usgs.gov Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.32 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). Added online link to experiment page. Fixed online link to cross-reference. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. 20160712 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section. 20180720 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Fixed broken links. 20190131 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov A python script called "collect.py" was used to translate EPIC convention netcdf files into CF-1.6 convention netcdf files. Burst data and some waves files were not converted to CF due to the inability to handle 2D time with multidimensional variables. Therefore, the CF files may not represent all the data files released. This work was performed by Ellyn Montgomery in 2017, but not officially documented in the metadata until 2026. In 2026, this data release was migrated from the server https://stellwagen.er.usgs.gov/ to the Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Trusted Digital Repository (CMGDS) via the Data Release Builder. This move was part of a larger effort to consolidate websites and reduce the number of sub-domains within the U.S. Geological Survey. The EPIC form of the existing metadata was used as the basis for this metadata file and updated to document the CF transformation of the data as well as conform to current standards. The data themselves met the standards at the time of initial release to the public. Specific edits for the metadata include but are not limited to: updating the Network Resource links to point to the new location of the data, updating various elements (Use Constraints, Access Constraints, Distribution Liability) to conform to today’s standards, updating the citation, and adding USGS Thesaurus keywords, edition, geoform, data series, data issue, supplemental information, entity and attribute overview, and horizontal and vertical datums. Additionally, a shapefile was created from the originally released KML file to document data location. 20260306 Olivia A. De Meo U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region Physical Scientist mailing address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 US 508-548-8700 x2356 whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov The contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. Point 0.00001 0.00001 Decimal degrees North American Datum of 1983 (National Spatial Reference System 2011) GRS_1980 6378137.000000 298.257222 Local surface 0.01 meters Explicit depth coordinate included with horizontal coordinates 9031ysi-a.nc; instrument: YSI model 6920; variables: conductivity, pH, salinity, temperature, turbidity 9041ysi-a.nc; instrument: YSI model 6920; variables: conductivity, pH, salinity, temperature, turbidity 9051ysi-a.nc; instrument: YSI model 6920; variables: conductivity, pH, salinity, temperature, turbidity 9061ysi-a.nc; instrument: YSI model 6920; variables: conductivity, pH, salinity, temperature, turbidity 9071ysi-a.nc; instrument: YSI model 6920; variables: conductivity, pH, salinity, temperature, turbidity 9081ysi-a.nc; instrument: YSI model 6920; variables: conductivity, pH, salinity, temperature, turbidity 9151ysi-a.nc; instrument: YSI model 6600; variables: conductivity, oxygen, salinity, temperature, turbidity 9152aqd-a.nc; instrument: Nortek Aquadopp Profiler; variables: currents, pressure, sound velocity, temperature 9161ysi-a.nc; instrument: YSI model 6600; variables: conductivity, oxygen, salinity, temperature, turbidity 9162aqd-a.nc; instrument: Nortek Aquadopp Profiler; variables: currents, pressure, sound velocity, temperature 9171eco-a.nc; instrument: Wetlabs ECO BBSB; variables: turbidity 9181eco-a.nc; instrument: Wetlabs ECO BBSB; variables: turbidity The entity and attribute information were generated by the metadata contact person, unless otherwise noted. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. Neil K. Ganju U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1498 USA (508) 457-8700 x2252 stellwagen_manager@usgs.gov Downloadable data in self-describing netCDF files and metadata as xml and text formats. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. netCDF netCDF-4, CF-1.6 Compressed file of whole dataset and uncompressed individual files provided. https://doi.org/10.5066/P14HXWKQ The link is to the landing page of the data release where files can be downloaded individually. None. The user's computer must have software to read netCDF files or import OPeNDAP. 20260506 Ellyn T. Montgomery U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 United States (508) 457-8700 x2356 whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the metadata contact is no longer with the USGS or the email is otherwise invalid. FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time