Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Seth D. Ackerman Publication_Date: 20220718 Title: Multibeam backscatter data collected in Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts during USGS Field Activity 2019-002-FA, using a dual-head Reson T20-P multibeam echo sounder (8-bit GeoTIFF, UTM Zone 19N, WGS84, 1-m resolution) Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P99DR4PN Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P99DR4PN Online_Linkage: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data-releases/datarelease/10.5066-P99DR4PN/ Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Seth D. Ackerman Originator: David S. Foster Originator: Brian D. Andrews Originator: William W. Danforth Originator: Wayne E. Baldwin Originator: Emily C. Huntley Originator: Charles R. Worley Originator: Laura L. Brothers Publication_Date: 2022 Title: High-resolution geophysical and geological data collected in Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts during USGS Field Activities 2019-002-FA and 2019-034-FA Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P99DR4PN Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Ackerman, S.D., Foster, D.S., Andrews, B.D., Danforth, W.W., Baldwin, W.E., Huntley, E.C., Worley, C.R., and Brothers, L.L., 2022, High-resolution geophysical and geological data collected in Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts during USGS Field Activities 2019-002-FA and 2019-034-FA: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P99DR4PN. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P99DR4PN Online_Linkage: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data-releases/datarelease/10.5066-P99DR4PN/ Description: Abstract: Accurate data and maps of sea floor geology are important first steps toward protecting fish habitat, delineating marine resources, and assessing environmental changes due to natural or human impacts. To address these concerns the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management (CZM), comprehensively mapped the Cape Cod Bay sea floor to characterize the surface and shallow subsurface geologic framework. Geophysical data collected include swath bathymetry, backscatter, and seismic reflection profile data. Ground-truth data, including sediment samples, underwater video, and bottom photographs were also collected. This effort is part of a long-term collaboration between the USGS and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to map the State’s waters, support research on the Quaternary evolution of coastal Massachusetts, the influence of sea-level change and sediment supply on coastal evolution, and efforts to understand the type, distribution, and quality of subtidal marine habitats. This collaboration produces high-resolution geologic maps and Geographic Information System (GIS) data that serve the needs of research, management and the public. Data collected as part of this mapping cooperative continue to be released in a series of USGS Open-File Reports and Data Releases (https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc/science/geologic-mapping-massachusetts-seafloor). This data release provides the geophysical and geologic sampling data collected in Cape Cod Bay during USGS Field Activities 2019-002-FA and 2019-034-FA in 2019. Purpose: This dataset provides a high-resolution multibeam backscatter mosaic of the seabed created from sonar data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during survey 2019-002-FA in Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts. The multibeam backscatter mosaic will be used in conjunction with other geophysical and sample data to investigate the morphology and geologic framework of the sea floor and coastal environment in Cape Cod Bay Massachusetts. Supplemental_Information: Additional information on the field activities associated with this project are available at https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2019-002-FA and https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2019-034-FA. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20190801 Ending_Date: 20190829 Currentness_Reference: ground condition during field activity 2019-002-FA: 20190801-20190829 Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.503320 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.074238 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.049562 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.745533 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:cdd347bc-b6c0-41bd-ae6a-e665983a156c Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Department of the Interior Theme_Keyword: DOI Theme_Keyword: Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management Theme_Keyword: CZM Theme_Keyword: MassCZM Theme_Keyword: field activity number 2019-002-FA Theme_Keyword: field activity number 2019-034-FA Theme_Keyword: M/V Warren Jr Theme_Keyword: GeoTIFF Theme_Keyword: multibeam echo sounder Theme_Keyword: multibeam backscatter Theme_Keyword: Reson Theme_Keyword: T20P Theme_Keyword: backscatter Theme_Keyword: Marine Geology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: multibeam sonar Theme_Keyword: sea-floor acoustic reflectivity Theme_Keyword: marine geophysics Theme_Keyword: marine geology Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: United States of America Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: Atlantic Margin Place_Keyword: Cape Cod Bay Place_Keyword: Cape Cod Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Place_Keyword: Gulf of Maine Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Stratum_Keyword: sea floor Stratum_Keyword: seafloor Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Temporal_Keyword: 2019 Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely distributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data-releases/media/2021/10.5066-P99DR4PN/39044ad7f9154298a8fa47ee5fa5805c/2019-002-FA_T20P_Backscatter_1m_browse.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Thumbnail image of 1-m multibeam echo sounder backscatter data collected in Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Data_Set_Credit: The authors acknowledge our fellow participants of the Cape Cod Bay field activities 2019-002-FA (Walter Barnhardt, Luke Bennett, Eric Moore, Alex Nichols, Jake Fredericks, and Dan Kennedy) and 2019-034-FA (Dann Blackwood, Eric Moore, and Alex Nichols); the crew of the M/V Warren Jr and the R/V Tioga; and our sea floor mapping group onshore support team during these surveys (Jane Denny, PJ Bernard, Barry Irwin, and Emile Bergeron). Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Pendleton, E.A. Originator: Baldwin, W.E. Originator: Barnhardt., W.A. Originator: Ackerman, S.D. Originator: Foster, D.S. Originator: Andrews, B.D. Originator: Schwab, W.C. Publication_Date: 2013 Title: Shallow Geology, Sea-floor Texture, and Physiographic Zones of the Inner Continental Shelf from Nahant to Northern Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2012-1157 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121157 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Andrews, B.D. Originator: Ackerman, S.D. Originator: Baldwin, W.E. Originator: Barnhardt, W.A. Publication_Date: 2010 Title: Geophysical and Sampling Data from the Inner Continental Shelf: Northern Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2010-1006 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101006 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Seth D. Ackerman Originator: David S. Foster Originator: William W. Danforth Originator: Emily C. Huntley Publication_Date: 2019 Title: High-resolution geophysical and sampling data collected off Town Neck Beach in Sandwich, Massachusetts, 2016 Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9HZHXXV Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Ackerman S.D., Foster D.S., Danforth W.W., and Huntley, E.C., 2019, High-resolution geophysical and sampling data collected off Town Neck Beach in Sandwich, Massachusetts, 2016: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HZHXXV. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HZHXXV Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5c7fe3afe4b0938824443b00 Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: This backscatter mosaic represents processed dual-head Reson T20-P multibeam echo sounder (MBES) time series data gridded at 1-m resolution. Quality control and data processing were conducted to remove spurious points and reduce sound speed artifacts (refraction) using QPS Qimera (version 1.7.6) and QPS FMGT (version 7.7.5 and 7.10.0). Despite this processing, small areas of vessel motion and refraction artifacts remain in the data. Small "no data" gaps exist throughout the dataset. These are the result of editing the artifacts and, in some areas, eliminating low quality soundings. In addition, gaps exist in shallow areas where underwater obstructions created hazards for the safe navigation of the survey vessel. While navigation and attitude data in the backscatter data and coincident bathymetry data (see larger work citation https://doi.org/10.5066/P99DR4PN) are identical the extents of the processed bathymetry grid and backscatter mosaic differs slightly due to differences in processing. Cross lines, collected to check tide corrections in bathymetry data and to provide dip angle seismic profile data, were not added to this backscatter imagery. Completeness_Report: Data were collected on the following dates: 20190801-20190829 (Julian day 213-241); sonar data from 20190801 (Julian day 213) and 20190827 (Julian day 239) includes data processed for performing the patch test to calibrate the multibeam sonar but these data were not incorporated into the final bathymetry or backscatter dataset since the same area was re-occupied on subsequent survey days. Data collected during some turns and along lines that extend beyond the area of a continuous backscatter mosaic were also excluded. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Navigation data were acquired using the WGS 84 coordinate system with an Applanix POS MV Wavemaster (model 220, V5), which blends Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) with acceleration data from a Motion Reference Unit (MRU) and GPS azimuthal heading. The POS MV was configured with two AeroAntenna Technologies GPS antennas located at either end of a 2-m baseline, which was oriented fore and aft and mounted atop the MBES pole, approximately midships on the port side of vessel. DGPS positions are horizontally accurate to 0.5 - 2 meters, but accuracy improves to less than 10 cm after post-processing with Applanix POSPac (version 8.1). Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: Unpublished Material Title: raw MBES data in s7k format Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital data Type_of_Source_Media: disc Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20190801 Ending_Date: 20190829 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Reson T20P multibeam echo sounder raw bathymetry and backscatter Source_Contribution: Multibeam echo sounder (MBES) bathymetry and backscatter data were collected using dual-head Reson T20-P sonars aboard the M/V Warren Jr. The system was pole-mounted on the port side of the vessel with the transducers located approximately 4.13 m below the waterline when deployed. Vessel navigation and attitude data were acquired using an Applanix POS MV Wavemaster (model 220, V5). An AML Micro X SV mounted on the sonar bracket monitored sound speed near the sonars during acquisition, and an AML MVP30 moving vessel profiler (MVP) or an AML Minos X sound velocity profiler (SVP) was deployed from the stern of the vessel to collect water column sound speed profiles at 1 to 4 hour intervals while underway (See shapefile 2019-002-FA_MVPSVP_data.shp available from the larger work citation). The Reson SeaBat User Interface (version 5.0.0.6) was used to control the sonars, as well as to monitor and record the sonar data. Hypack Hysweep (version 2019, 19.0.6.0) was also used to record and monitor the sonar data. The SeaBat User Interface logged the navigation, attitude, bathymetry, time-series backscatter, and water column data to s7k format files for each sonar. The line files were created by the Reson UI using the following naming convention: YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS_M/S. The line files were appended with a "M" or "S" suffix to denote the port (primary) and starboard (or secondary) sonar heads, respectively. Hypack Hysweep 2019 also was used to log the navigation, attitude, and bathymetry data for both sonars to a single HSX format file. Hypack Hysweep filenames have the format 'YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS_LLL_HHMM', which prepends the Reson filename (YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS) to the Hypack Hysweep filename (LLL_HHMM), where LLL indicates the three digit planned line number and HHMM is the UTC time. The Reson SeaBat User Interface s7k data were used to produce the final processed backscatter mosaic. Process_Step: Process_Description: PROCESSING STEP 1: QIMERA DATA PROCESSING. Multibeam bathymetry processing within QPS Qimera (version 1.7.6) during the survey consisted of the following flow: 1) A Qimera project (version 1.7.6) was created with projection information set to Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 19N, WGS 84. 2) Each Hysweep HSX file was imported to the new Qimera project. 3) Navigation was reviewed and edited as needed. 4) Sound velocity correction was applied using the CARIS-formatted MVP or SVP data. 5) 5-m resolution Dynamic Surfaces were created to incorporate all the sonar data as they were processed, and the surfaces were reviewed for inconsistencies and anomalies. 6) The swath and area-based editors were used to remove spurious points through manual editing and filter application. 7) Each survey line was exported into separate Sonar Head 1 and Sonar Head 2 files from Qimera in GSF format for pairing with the corresponding raw s7k files in QPS FMGT (see next step). The contact person for this and all subsequent processing steps below is Seth Ackerman. Process_Date: 201908 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: PROCESSING STEP 2: QPS FMGT PROCESSING Backscatter mosaics were created using QPS FMGT (v. 7.7.5 and 7.10.0) processing software. Raw s7k files containing the time series values, were paired with the GSF data exported from each survey line file containing the depth data to create a 1-meter resolution time series backscatter mosaic that followed the steps below. 1) Create new FMGT project for the Cape Cod Bay using UTM 19N, WGS 84 coordinate system. 2) Set processing parameters for T20-P Sonar (defaults) 3) Set filter method to flat 300 4) Add source/paired files using the T20P s7k files for the backscatter files, and GSF files exported from from Qimera. All the s7k and GSF files were added by Julian day. Once the line files were added to the project a 1-meter draft mosaic was created using the "time-series" as the backscatter source for each Julian day for review. 5) Final 1-meter mosaics were created for groupings of survey lines (typically 2-3 adjacent survey days) and visually reviewed for inconsistencies or anomalies. Individual line files were moved up or down in the mosaic order to increase quality if needed. The "Backscatter Adjustment" tool was used to increase or decrease intensity of individual lines as required to visually match adjacent lines. 6) The resulting mosaics were exported out of QPS FMGT as 8-bit gray-scale GeoTIFFs. Process_Date: 202111 Process_Step: Process_Description: PROCESSING STEP 3: MERGING GEOTIFF MOSAICS Using Global Mapper (version 19.0), the individual GeoTIFFs were exported as single 8-bit gray-scale GeoTIFF for 3 distinct areas within the survey area (EW trending survey lines, NS trending survey lines, and the lines near Truro). Finally, the three smaller mosaics were merged using Esri ArcPro's Mosaic to New Raster tool with the Mosaic Operation set to Mean. Process_Date: 202112 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell Row_Count: 33237 Column_Count: 35102 Vertical_Count: 1 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 19 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -69 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0 False_Easting: 500000 False_Northing: 0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 1.0 Ordinate_Resolution: 1.0 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_84 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Acoustic reflectance values of the nearshore sea floor in Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Multibeam backscatter data collected in Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts during USGS Field Activity 2019-002-FA, using a dual-head Reson T20-P multibeam echo sounder: includes the GeoTIFF image 2019-002-FA_T20P_Backscatter_1m.tif, world file 2019-002-FA_T20P_Backscatter_1m.tfw, browse graphic 2019-002-FA_T20P_Backscatter_1m_browse.jpg, and Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM) metadata files (2019-002-FA_T20P_Backscatter_1m_meta.xml) Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: GeoTIFF Format_Version_Number: Esri ArcPro Format_Specification: 8-bit GeoTIFF file Format_Information_Content: GeoTIFF image file derived from MBES backscatter data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey - Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center during survey 2019-002-FA and the associated metadata. File_Decompression_Technique: Use any zip decompression utility (e.g. 7zip, Keka, WinZip) Transfer_Size: 311 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data-releases/media/2021/10.5066-P99DR4PN/2de69af7532740058227116bfa949ec8/2019-002-FA_T20P_Backscatter_1m.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data-releases/datarelease/10.5066-P99DR4PN/ Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P99DR4PN Access_Instructions: The data can be downloaded using the Network Resource Name links. The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of data. The second and third links are to a landing page for the entire data release where the data, metadata, and browse graphic can be downloaded. Fees: none Technical_Prerequisites: To utilize these data, the user must have software capable of viewing GeoTIFF files. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20220718 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time