GeoTIFF image of the backscatter intensity of the sea floor of the Sandy Hook artificial reef (2-m resolution, Mercator, WGS 84)

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Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Originator: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:
GeoTIFF image of the backscatter intensity of the sea floor of the Sandy Hook artificial reef (2-m resolution, Mercator, WGS 84)
Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F74F1PNH
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F74F1PNH
Online_Linkage:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/59b2b96ae4b020cdf7dc1416
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Bradford Butman
Originator: William W. Danforth
Originator: John E. Hughes Clarke
Originator: Richard P. Signell
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:
Bathymetry and backscatter intensity of the sea floor of the Sandy Hook artificial reef, offshore of New Jersey
Edition: 1.0
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F74F1PNH
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details:
Suggested citation: Butman, Bradford, Danforth, W.W., Clarke, J.E.H., and Signell, R.P., 2017, Bathymetry and backscatter intensity of the sea floor of the Sandy Hook artificial reef, offshore of New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F74F1PNH.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F74F1PNH
Description:
Abstract:
The Sandy Hook artificial reef, located on the sea floor offshore of Sandy Hook, New Jersey was built to create habitat for marine life. The reef was created by the placement of heavy materials on the sea floor; ninety-five percent of the material in the Sandy Hook reef is rock. In 2000, the U.S. Geological Survey surveyed the area using a Simrad EM1000 multibeam echosounder mounted on the Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) ship Frederick G. Creed. The purpose of this multibeam survey, done in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers when the Creed was in the New York region in April 2000, was to map the bathymetry and backscatter intensity of the sea floor in the area of the Sandy Hook artificial reef. The collected data from this cruise are bathymetry, backscatter intensity, and navigation trackline.
Purpose:
The GeoTIFF image of backscatter intensity provides qualitative information on the sediment texture and roughness of the sea floor. Backscatter intensity, a measure of the strength of the acoustic return from the sea floor, is a function of the properties of the surficial sediments and of the bottom roughness. Generally high backscatter intensity (strong return), shown as light gray tones, is associated with rock or coarse-grained sediment, and low backscatter intensity (weak return), shown as dark gray tones, with fine-grained sediments.
Supplemental_Information:
Other datasets from the 2000 survey of the Sandy Hook artificial reef may be found in Butman and others (2017) (see larger work citation). For more information on the field activity that collected these data, see the field activity page https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fa=2000-015-FA.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20000423
Ending_Date: 20000424
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -73.946685
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -73.928370
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.396680
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.340089
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:59b2b96ae4b020cdf7dc1416
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
Theme_Keyword: backscatter intensity
Theme_Keyword: GeoTIFF image
Theme_Keyword: multibeam
Theme_Keyword: sea floor mapping
Theme_Keyword: Simrad EM1000
Theme_Keyword: Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) ship Frederick G. Creed
Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC field activity 2000-015-FA
Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (WHCMSC)
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)
Theme_Keyword: USACE New York District
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP)
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
Theme_Keyword: Canadian Hydrographic Service
Theme_Keyword: University of New Brunswick
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: sea-floor acoustic reflectivity
Theme_Keyword: sea-floor characteristics
Theme_Keyword: image mosaics
Theme_Keyword: multibeam sonar
Theme_Keyword: marine geophysics
Theme_Keyword: marine geology
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
Place_Keyword: Sandy Hook artificial reef
Place_Keyword: New York Bight
Place_Keyword: Middle Atlantic Bight
Place_Keyword: mid-Atlantic Bight
Place_Keyword: New Jersey
Place_Keyword: New York
Place_Keyword: North Atlantic Ocean
Stratum:
Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
Stratum_Keyword: sea floor
Stratum_Keyword: seafloor
Temporal:
Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
Temporal_Keyword: 2000
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints: None
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Bradford Butman
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x 2212
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bbutman@usgs.gov
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/59b2b96ae4b020cdf7dc1416?name=shreef_backi2m_browsegraphic.jpg
Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
Browse graphic of the backscatter intensity of the sea floor of the Sandy Hook artificial reef.
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Microsoft Windows Vista Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.4095
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: Sandy Hook Reef
Online_Linkage: http://www.nj.gov/dep/fgw/pdf/reefs/sandy_hook.pdf
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Fish and Wildlife
Publication_Date: 2017
Title: Artificial Reef Program
Online_Linkage: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/fgw/artreef.htm
Data_Quality_Information:
Logical_Consistency_Report:
All data were processed in the same manner. Some features in the multibeam backscatter intensity data are artifacts of data collection and environmental conditions. They include unnatural-looking features and patterns oriented parallel or perpendicular to survey tracklines. The orientation of the tracklines is sometimes identified by the faint parallel stripes in the image.
Completeness_Report:
All data from the multibeam survey of the Sandy Hook artificial reef are included in the mosaic. There are a few gaps in the image due to incomplete coverage by the multibeam system.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
These data were navigated with a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS); they are accurate to +/- 3 meters, horizontally.
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Canadian Hydrographic Service
Originator: William W. Danforth
Originator: John E. Hughes Clarke
Publication_Date: Unpublished Material
Title: Raw multibeam data
Type_of_Source_Media: disc
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20000423
Ending_Date: 20000424
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: none
Source_Contribution:
The multibeam data were collected with a Simrad EM1000 multibeam echosounder mounted on the Canadian Coast Guard ship Frederick G. Creed. The multibeam system utilizes 60 electronically-aimed receive beams spaced at intervals of 2.5 degrees that insonify a strip of sea floor up to 7.5 times the water depth. The horizontal resolution of the beam on the sea floor is approximately 10 % of the water depth. Vertical resolution is approximately 1 % of the water depth. Data were collected along tracklines spaced 5-7 times the water depth apart at a speed of 10-14 knots. The Sandy Hook artificial reef area was surveyed in a Zamboni pattern (for efficient turns at high speed) with lines running north-south. The Zamboni pattern yields blocks of northward-run lines adjacent to blocks of southward-run lines. The frequency of the sonar was 95 kHz. Sound velocity profiles were obtained and input into the Simrad processing system to correct for refraction. Navigation was by means of differential GPS. Operation of the Simrad EM1000 was carried out by hydrographers of the Canadian Hydrographic Service. The data were collected on Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center field activity 2000-015-FA (https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fa=2000-015-FA).
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
A suite of processing software, called SwathEd, developed by the Ocean Mapping Group at the University of New Brunswick, Canada, was used to process and grid the multibeam data and to produce images. The metadata for the bathymetric grid (see larger work citation) describes the processing steps applied to the navigation and bathymetric soundings. The following processing steps produced the grayscale image of backscatter intensity for the Sandy Hook artificial reef data set:
1. Create a blank 8 bit map file:
Command line: make_blank mosaic_file
This command commences a dialog to enable an 8 bit image and input the map boundaries and resolution (2 meters in this case). Then the "blank" file is copied to two files required by the mosaic program:
Command line: cp mosaic_file.blank mosaic_file.mos Command line: cp mosaic_file.blank mosaic_file.ran
2. Create backscatter files that can then be mosaicked from the backscatter time series:
Command line: getBeamPattern filename (prefix only) Command line: makess -pixel 1.0 -beam_patt beampatt filename (prefix only) output.ss Command line: glfill output.ss output.ss_fill (fills in data dropouts).
3. Mosaic all the backscatter files created in the last step (for each output.ss_fill).
Command line: mos2 -autoseam -maxazi 10 -maxdist 10 mosaic_file output.ss_fill
Process_Date: 2017
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: William W. Danforth
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2274
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bdanforth@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Use a two-point linear contrast stretch (0-254; 255 no data) to enhance the backscatter image:
Command line: stretchacres -low 180 -high 220 -in mosaic_file -out mosaic_file.stretch
Create a TIFF from the backscatter mosaic file using the netpbm utilities (http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/):
Command line: rawtopgm -headerskip 1024 image_width image_height mosaic_file.stretch | pnmtotiff -none - > mosaic_grayscale.tif
Process_Date: 2017
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: William W. Danforth
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2274
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bdanforth@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Create a TIFF world file (tfw) for the mosaic TIFF image for import to ArcGIS. Copy bounding box and resolution from the jview program output to the .tfw file.
Command line: jview mosaic_file.stretch
Process_Date: 2017
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: William W. Danforth
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2274
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bdanforth@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Create GeoTIFF from TIFF image and world file using the Define Projection Tool in Data Management Tools, Projections and Transformations in ArcToolbox 9.3. Projection is custom Mercator, central meridian of -75.0 degrees, latitude of true scale 40.0 degrees north, false easting 0.0, false northing 0.0; Geographic Coordinate System WGS 1984.
Process_Date: 2017
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Bradford Butman
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x 2212
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bbutman@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.
Process_Date: 20200807
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
Row_Count: 3536
Column_Count: 1211
Vertical_Count: 1
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Map_Projection:
Map_Projection_Name: Mercator
Mercator:
Standard_Parallel: 40.000000
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75.000000
False_Easting: 0.000000
False_Northing: 0.000000
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 2.000000
Ordinate_Resolution: 2.000000
Planar_Distance_Units: meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Backscatter intensity, the intensity of the acoustic return from the sea floor from the multibeam system, is a function of the properties of the surficial sediments and of the bottom roughness. Generally high backscatter intensity (strong return), shown as light gray tones, is associated with rock or coarse-grained sediment, and low backscatter intensity (weak return), shown as dark gray tones, with fine-grained sediments. However, the micro-topography, such as ripples, burrows, and benthic populations also affect the reflectivity of the sea floor. Direct observations, using bottom photography or video, and surface samples, are needed to verify interpretations of the backscatter intensity data. The backscatter data have a weak striping that runs parallel to the ship trackline. Some of the striping is the result of poor data return at nadir that appears as evenly-spaced thin speckled lines. Backscatter intensity is shown as an 8-bit (0-255) grayscale image; 255 is no data.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Federal Center
Address: Building 810
Address: Mail Stop 302
City: Denver
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80225
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747
Resource_Description:
shreef_backi2m.zip: contains the image of backscatter intensity (shreef_backi2m.tif), world file for the image (shreef_backi2m.tfw), browse graphic (shreef_backi2m_browsegraphic.jpg), and associated FGDC-compliant metadata (CSDGM format).
Distribution_Liability:
Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the U.S. Geological Survey, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: GeoTIFF
Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS9.3
Format_Specification: GeoTIFF image
Format_Information_Content:
GeoTIFF image of backscatter intensity from a multibeam survey of the Sandy Hook artificial reef compressed in a zip file.
File_Decompression_Technique: zip
Transfer_Size: 2
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/59b2b96ae4b020cdf7dc1416
Network_Resource_Name:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/59b2b96ae4b020cdf7dc1416?name=shreef_backi2m.zip
Network_Resource_Name:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/59b2b96ae4b020cdf7dc1416
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F74F1PNH
Access_Instructions:
The network resources offer the options of downloading all the files, individual files, accessing the landing page of the data, or accessing the main landing page of the data release.
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: ArcGIS REST service
Format_Information_Content:
Sandy Hook artificial reef GeoTIFF image of backscatter intensity data provided through a service definition file in an ArcGIS REST service.
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/arcgis/rest/services/Catalog/59b2b96ae4b020cdf7dc1416/MapServer
Network_Resource_Name:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/59b2b96ae4b020cdf7dc1416
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F74F1PNH
Access_Instructions:
The network resources offer the option of accessing the data through a mapping service, accessing the landing page of the data, or accessing the main landing page of the data release.
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: WMS
Format_Information_Content:
Sandy Hook artificial reef GeoTIFF image of backscatter intensity data provided through a WMS (web mapping service).
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/arcgis/services/Catalog/59b2b96ae4b020cdf7dc1416/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS
Network_Resource_Name:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/59b2b96ae4b020cdf7dc1416
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F74F1PNH
Access_Instructions:
The network resources offer the option of accessing the data through a mapping service, accessing the landing page of the data, or accessing the main landing page of the data release.
Fees: none
Technical_Prerequisites:
The GeoTIFF image of backscatter intensity and associated metadata from the Sandy Hook artificial reef survey are available in a zip file (shreef_backi2m.zip). To utilize these data, the user must have software capable of uncompressing the zip file and GIS software capable of displaying a GeoTIFF image.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20240319
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Bradford Butman
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2212
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
Contact_Instructions:
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240319)
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/SB_data_release/DR_F74F1PNH/shreef_backi2m.tif_meta.html>
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