Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Originator: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Publication_Date: 2017 Title: GeoTIFF image of the shaded-relief bathymetry of the sea floor of the Sandy Hook artificial reef (2-m resolution, Mercator, WGS 84) Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F74F1PNH Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F74F1PNH Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/59b2ba11e4b020cdf7dc1423 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Bradford Butman Originator: William W. Danforth Originator: John E. Hughes Clarke Originator: Richard P. Signell Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Bathymetry and backscatter intensity of the sea floor of the Sandy Hook artificial reef, offshore of New Jersey Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F74F1PNH Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Butman, Bradford, Danforth, W.W., Clarke, J.E.H., and Signell, R.P., 2017, Bathymetry and backscatter intensity of the sea floor of the Sandy Hook artificial reef, offshore of New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F74F1PNH. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F74F1PNH Description: Abstract: The Sandy Hook artificial reef, located on the sea floor offshore of Sandy Hook, New Jersey was built to create habitat for marine life. The reef was created by the placement of heavy materials on the sea floor; ninety-five percent of the material in the Sandy Hook reef is rock. In 2000, the U.S. Geological Survey surveyed the area using a Simrad EM1000 multibeam echosounder mounted on the Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) ship Frederick G. Creed. The purpose of this multibeam survey, done in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers when the Creed was in the New York region in April 2000, was to map the bathymetry and backscatter intensity of the sea floor in the area of the Sandy Hook artificial reef. The collected data from this cruise are bathymetry, backscatter intensity, and navigation trackline. Purpose: The GeoTIFF image of shaded-relief bathymetry provides a visualization of the bathymetry that accentuates small features that cannot be effectively shown as contours alone. The image was created by vertically exaggerating the bathymetry three times and then artificially illuminating the relief from the north by a light source positioned 45 degrees above the horizon. The illumination from the north, approximately parallel to the survey lines, minimizes artifacts caused by small depth changes that may occur between survey lines. Supplemental_Information: Other datasets from the 2000 survey of the Sandy Hook artificial reef may be found in Butman and others (2017) (see larger work citation). For more information on the field activity that collected these data, see the field activity page https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fa=2000-015-FA. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20000423 Ending_Date: 20000424 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -73.946685 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -73.928370 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.396680 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.340089 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:59b2ba11e4b020cdf7dc1423 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Theme_Keyword: shaded-relief bathymetry Theme_Keyword: GeoTIFF image Theme_Keyword: multibeam Theme_Keyword: sea floor mapping Theme_Keyword: Simrad EM1000 Theme_Keyword: Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) ship Frederick G. Creed Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC field activity 2000-015-FA Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (WHCMSC) Theme_Keyword: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Theme_Keyword: USACE New York District Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP) Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Theme_Keyword: Canadian Hydrographic Service Theme_Keyword: University of New Brunswick Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: sea-floor characteristics Theme_Keyword: multibeam sonar Theme_Keyword: bathymetry Theme_Keyword: marine geophysics Theme_Keyword: marine geology Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Place_Keyword: Sandy Hook artificial reef Place_Keyword: New York Bight Place_Keyword: Middle Atlantic Bight Place_Keyword: mid-Atlantic Bight Place_Keyword: New Jersey Place_Keyword: New York Place_Keyword: North Atlantic Ocean Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Stratum_Keyword: sea floor Stratum_Keyword: seafloor Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Temporal_Keyword: 2000 Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: These data are not to be used for navigation purposes. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Bradford Butman Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x 2212 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bbutman@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/59b2ba11e4b020cdf7dc1423?name=shreef_srelief2m_browsegraphic.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Browse graphic of the shaded-relief bathymetry of the sea floor of the Sandy Hook artificial reef. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows Vista Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.4095 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife Publication_Date: Unknown Title: Sandy Hook Reef Online_Linkage: http://www.nj.gov/dep/fgw/pdf/reefs/sandy_hook.pdf Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Fish and Wildlife Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Artificial Reef Program Online_Linkage: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/fgw/artreef.htm Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: All data were processed in the same manner. Some features in the multibeam data are artifacts of data collection and environmental conditions. They include small highs and lows and unnatural-looking features, and patterns oriented parallel or perpendicular to survey tracklines. The orientation of tracklines is sometimes identified by parallel stripes in the image. Completeness_Report: All data from the multibeam survey of the Sandy Hook artificial reef are included in the mosaic. There are a few gaps in the image due to incomplete coverage by the multibeam system. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: These data were navigated with a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS); they are accurate to +/- 3 meters, horizontally. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Canadian Hydrographic Service Originator: William W. Danforth Originator: John E. Hughes Clarke Publication_Date: Unpublished Material Title: Raw multibeam data Type_of_Source_Media: disc Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20000423 Ending_Date: 20000424 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: none Source_Contribution: The multibeam data were collected with a Simrad EM1000 multibeam echosounder mounted on the Canadian Coast Guard ship Frederick G. Creed. The multibeam system utilizes 60 electronically-aimed receive beams spaced at intervals of 2.5 degrees that insonify a strip of sea floor up to 7.5 times the water depth. The horizontal resolution of the beam on the sea floor is approximately 10% of the water depth. Vertical resolution is approximately 1% of the water depth. Data were collected along tracklines spaced 5-7 times the water depth apart at a speed of 10-14 knots. The Sandy Hook artificial reef area was surveyed in a Zamboni pattern (for efficient turns at high speed) with lines running north-south. The Zamboni pattern yields blocks of northward-run lines adjacent to blocks of southward-run lines. The frequency of the sonar was 95 kHz. Sound velocity profiles were obtained and input into the Simrad processing system to correct for refraction. Navigation was by means of differential GPS. Operation of the Simrad EM1000 was carried out by hydrographers of the Canadian Hydrographic Service. The data were collected on Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center field activity 2000-015-FA (https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fa=2000-015-FA). Process_Step: Process_Description: A suite of processing software, called SwathEd, developed by the Ocean Mapping Group at the University of New Brunswick, Canada, was used to process and grid the multibeam bathymetric soundings and to produce images. The metadata for the bathymetric grid (see larger work citation) describes the processing steps applied to the navigation and bathymetric soundings. The following processing steps produced the image of shaded-relief bathymetry for the Sandy Hook artificial reef data: 1. Create a 2-m grid of the bathymetric sounds using the SwathEd routine weigh_grid. Command line: weigh_grid -fresh_start -omg -tide -coeffs -mindep -2 -maxdep -800 -beam_mask -beam_weight -custom_weight EM1000_Weights -butter -power 2 -cutoff 6 -lambda 2 gridFile filename.merged 2. Create a shaded-relief image of the bathymetry using SwathEd routine addSUN (sun elevation of 45 degrees from an azimuth of 0 degrees, vertically exaggerating three times). The illumination from the north, approximately parallel to the survey lines, minimizes artifacts caused by small depth changes that may occur between survey lines. Command line: addSUN -elev 45 -azi 0 -vert_exag 3.0 gridFile.r4 filename.shade Process_Date: 2017 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: William W. Danforth Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2274 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bdanforth@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Use a two-point linear contrast stretch (0-254; 255 no data) to enhance the shaded-relief image: Command line: stretchacres -low 150 -high 200 -in filename.shade -out filename_shade.stretch Convert each contrast-stretched shaded-relief image from SwathEd format to a TIFF file using the netpbm utilities (http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/): Command line: rawtopgm -headerskip 1024 image_width image_height filename_shade.stretch | pnmtotiff -none - > filename.tif Process_Date: 2017 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: William W. Danforth Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2274 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bdanforth@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Create a TIFF world file (tfw) for the shaded-relief TIFF image for import to ArcGIS. Copy bounding box and resolution information from the jview program output to the tfw file. Command line: jview filename_shade.stretch Process_Date: 2017 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: William W. Danforth Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2274 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bdanforth@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Create GeoTIFF from TIFF image and world file using the Define Projection Tool in Data Management Tools, Projections and Transformations in ArcToolbox 9.3. Projection is custom Mercator, central meridian of -75.0 degrees, latitude of true scale 40.0 degrees north, false easting 0.0, false northing 0.0; Geographic Coordinate System WGS 1984. Process_Date: 2017 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Bradford Butman Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x 2212 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bbutman@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20200807 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Row_Count: 3536 Column_Count: 1211 Vertical_Count: 1 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: Mercator Mercator: Standard_Parallel: 40.000000 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75.000000 False_Easting: 0.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 2.000000 Ordinate_Resolution: 2.000000 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The shaded-relief image (2-m resolution) was created by vertically exaggerating the topography three times and then artificially illuminating the relief from the north by a light source positioned 45 degrees above the horizon. In the resulting image, topographic features are enhanced by strong illumination on the northward-facing slopes and by shadows cast on southern slopes. The shaded-relief image accentuates small features that could not be effectively shown as contours alone. Shaded-relief bathymetry is shown as 8-bit (0-255) grayscale image; 255 is no data. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Federal Center Address: Building 810 Address: Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Resource_Description: shreef_srelief2m.zip: contains the image of shaded-relief bathymetry (shreef_srelief2m.tif), world file for the image (shreef_srelief2m.tfw), browse graphic (shreef_srelief2m_browsegraphic.jpg), and associated FGDC-compliant metadata (CSDGM format). Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the U.S. Geological Survey, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: GeoTIFF Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 9.3 Format_Specification: GeoTIFF image Format_Information_Content: GeoTIFF image of shaded-relief bathymetry from a multibeam survey of the Sandy Hook artificial reef compressed in a zip file. File_Decompression_Technique: zip archive Transfer_Size: 1.6 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/59b2ba11e4b020cdf7dc1423 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/59b2ba11e4b020cdf7dc1423?name=shreef_srelief2m.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/59b2ba11e4b020cdf7dc1423 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F74F1PNH Access_Instructions: The network resources offer the options of downloading all the files, individual files, or accessing the landing page of the data. Fees: none Technical_Prerequisites: The GeoTIFF image of shaded-relief bathymetry and associated metadata from the Sandy Hook artificial reef survey are available in a zip file (shreef_srelief2m.zip). To utilize these data, the user must have software capable of uncompressing the zip file and GIS software capable of displaying a GeoTIFF image. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20200807 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Bradford Butman Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2212 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bbutman@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time