Braddock East point cloud from low-altitude aerial imagery from unmanned aerial systems (UAS) flights over of the Lake Ontario shoreline in the vicinity of Braddock Bay, New York in July 2017 (LAZ file).

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Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 2018
Title:
Braddock East point cloud from low-altitude aerial imagery from unmanned aerial systems (UAS) flights over of the Lake Ontario shoreline in the vicinity of Braddock Bay, New York in July 2017 (LAZ file).
Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: LAZ binary data
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F74F1PX3
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F74F1PX3
Online_Linkage: Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Christopher R. Sherwood
Originator: Sandra M. Brosnahan
Originator: Seth D. Ackerman
Originator: Jonathan Borden
Originator: Ellyn T. Montgomery
Originator: Elizabeth A. Pendleton
Originator: Emily J. Sturdivant
Publication_Date: 2018
Title:
Aerial imagery and photogrammetric products from unmanned aerial systems (UAS) flights over the Lake Ontario shoreline at Braddock Bay, New York, USA, July 10 to 11, 2017.
Edition: 1.0
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F74F1PX3
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details:
Suggested citation: Sherwood, C.R., Brosnahan, S.M., Ackerman, S.D., Borden, Jonathan, Montgomery, E.T., Pendleton, E.A., and Sturdivant, E.J., 2018, Aerial imagery and photogrammetric products from unmanned aerial systems (UAS) flights over the Lake Ontario shoreline at Braddock Bay, New York, July 10 to 11, 2017: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F74F1PX3.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F74F1PX3
Online_Linkage:
Description:
Abstract:
Low-altitude (80-100 meters above ground level) digital images were obtained from a camera mounted on a 3DR Solo quadcopter, a small unmanned aerial system (UAS), in three locations along the Lake Ontario shoreline in New York during July 2017. These data were collected to document and monitor effects of high lake levels, including shoreline erosion, inundation, and property damage in the vicinities of Braddock Bay, Sodus Bay, and Chimney Bluffs State Park, New York. This data release includes images tagged with locations determined from the UAS GPS; tables with updated estimates of camera positions and attitudes based on the photogrammetric reconstruction; tables listing locations of the base stations, ground control points, and transect points; geolocated, RGB-colored point clouds; orthomosaic images; and digital elevation models for each of the survey regions. Collection of these data was supported by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the State of New York Departments of State and Environmental Conservation, and the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program and was conducted under USGS field activity number 2017-042-FA.
Purpose:
These points provide the calculated XYZ (horizontal and vertical) coordinates and RGB (red-green-blue) values of the land surface during a mid-day low-tide on 11 July, 2017 in the Braddock Bay East study area. The product was created to demonstrate the use of structure-from-motion (SfM) for coastal research and may be used to develop further datasets, such as the digital elevation models, geomorphic feature mapping, and land cover classification.
Supplemental_Information:
For more information about this field activity, see https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2017-042-FA.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20170711
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -77.706212
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -77.682287
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 43.309433
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 43.295922
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:5a5cb303e4b06e28e9bcd231
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Theme_Keyword: CMGP
Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC
Theme_Keyword: State of New York Department of State
Theme_Keyword: State of New York Department of Environmental Conservation
Theme_Keyword: Federal Emergency Management Agency
Theme_Keyword: shoreline
Theme_Keyword: lake level
Theme_Keyword: 3DR Solo quadcopter
Theme_Keyword: Ricoh GRII
Theme_Keyword: low-altitude aerial imagery
Theme_Keyword: aerial imagery
Theme_Keyword: shoreline photographs
Theme_Keyword: photographs
Theme_Keyword: photos
Theme_Keyword: UAS
Theme_Keyword: Unmanned aerial system
Theme_Keyword: lakeshore
Theme_Keyword: points
Theme_Keyword: point clouds
Theme_Keyword: LAS
Theme_Keyword: LAZ
Theme_Keyword: field activity number 2017-042-FA
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: remote sensing
Theme_Keyword: topography
Theme_Keyword: aerial photography
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters
Theme_Keyword: location
Theme_Keyword: elevation
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: USA
Place_Keyword: Great Lakes
Place_Keyword: New York
Place_Keyword: Lake Ontario
Place_Keyword: Braddock Bay Wildlife Management Area
Place_Keyword: Braddock Bay
Place_Keyword: Greece, NY
Place_Keyword: Braddock Point
Place_Keyword: Westpoint Marina
Place_Keyword: Braddock Bay Park
Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints:
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Sandra Brosnahan
Contact_Position: Physical Scientist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: Massachusetts
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2265
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sbrosnahan@usgs.gov
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name: Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
Browse image of a portion of the point cloud generated from photogrammetry and low-altitude aerial images obtained with unmanned aerial systems (UAS).
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG
Data_Quality_Information:
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Coordinates recorded for each point describe discrete positions in space and the visual reflectance at the time of capture. No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. All data were handled in a consistent manner. Photoscan software determines the photos used in the construction of the products (Point Cloud, DEM and Orthomosaic) based on the ability to align the photo and the usability of valid tie points within an image. A tie point represents a point that the software determine to be common from one photo to the next. The camera locations CSV file in this data release (https://doi.org/10.5066/F74F1PX3) indicates which photos were used to create the final products. This final point cloud was checked for accuracy only by rotating the point cloud to view from multiple angles to ensure that obvious spurious points do not cause artifacts in the derivative products (DEM and Orthomosaic). Although some outlying points were manually eliminated, there are still many points that likely do not represent ground features, but are instead artifacts generated by moving water surfaces and/or erroneous tie points.
Completeness_Report:
This point cloud was constructed from 2998 images from successful flights over the Braddock Bay East survey area that were imported into the Braddock East photogrammetry project. Some images were eliminated automatically by the Agisoft Photoscan software during processing because they contained insufficient numbers of reliable tie points relating them to ground features visible in adjacent images. Many of the eliminated images contain views of mostly water or oblique views that included the horizon. All of the points generated by the software to form a dense cloud have been included in this data release. That includes points that likely do not represent ground features, but are instead artifacts generated by moving water surfaces and or erroneous tie points. These points are commonly eliminated through either automatic or manual classification, but have been retained to allow experimentation with point classification methods. The fully processed Photoscan project for Braddock East (used to create the subsequent DEM and orthomosaic) used 1091 of the original 1175 images and the dense point cloud contained more than 158 million points. To minimize the effects of changing environmental factors (e.g. shadows, lighting, etc) on the final products, the BraddockEast photogrammetry project contains only imagery from flights on July 11, 2017.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Horizontal positions of individual points for the point cloud were calculated by photogrammetric software and ground control points. There are several sources of potential error that affect the horizontal accuracy:
1. The horizontal error estimate provided by Agisoft Photoscan for the Braddock East project as a result of alignment, optimization, and ground control processing procedures is 1.7 cm. This value is an RMS estimate of positional error at discrete locations within the orthomosaic.
2. Ground control points were collected using a Spectra model SP80 GNSS receiver set to record XY locations with the national adjustment of 2011 (NAD83(2011) UTM zone 18N EPSG::6347), which differs from the Photoscan project coordinate system (NAD83/UTM zone 18N (EPSG::26918)). This difference may introduce an average additional 0.9 cm horizontally at the 95% confidence level according to the National Geodetic Survey (https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/web/surveys/NA2011/).
3. Additionally, an assessment of repeated survey sites (from transect points) using the same equipment by the USGS Aerial Imagery and Mapping (AIM) group estimates an accuracy of the ground control point locations of 1.76 cm (horizontal) and 0.54 cm (vertical).
The combination of the potential horizontal error is on the order of 4.36 cm for the Braddock East products. Although some portions of the map may contain much larger errors, up to 2 m horizontally. The horizontal coordinate system for the Braddock East Point Cloud, DEM and Orthomosaic is NAD83/UTM zone 18N (EPSG::26918).
It is also important to note: The UAS image locations are derived from a mRo GPS (u-Blox Neo-M8N / 3DR SOLO Upgrade), located on the UAS, which receives signals from GPS and GLONASS satellites in WGS84 (G1150) EPSG::7660. This location information is used by the Photoscan software to help with the initial alignment, however after photo alignment, these location data have no bearing on the project or the derivative product. Therefore the positional accuracy and potential errors of the GPS data attached to the input photographs is not propagated to the Photoscan project and therefore does not contribute to the overall horizontal accuracy of the products (Point Cloud, DEM and Orthomosaic).
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Vertical positions of individual points for the point cloud were calculated by photogrammetric software and ground control points. There are several sources of potential error that affect the vertical accuracy:
1. The vertical error estimate provided by Agisoft Photoscan for the Braddock East project as a result of alignment, optimization, and ground control processing procedures is 1.5 cm. This value is an RMS estimate of positional error at discrete locations within the orthomosaic.
2. Ground control points were collected using a Spectra model SP80 GNSS receiver that was receiving real-time differential corrections from a GNSS base station established over a temporary benchmark on a concrete pad across from the WestPoint Marina office, in Braddock Bay NY. The Z heights were reference to the NAVD88 vertical datum. An assessment of repeated survey sites using the same equipment by the USGS Aerial Imagery and Mapping group estimates a potential accuracy error of the ground control point locations of 1.76 cm (horizontally) and 0.54 cm (vertically).
The vertical datum for the Braddock East Point Cloud, DEM and Orthomosaic is NAVD88 (meters).
It is also important to note: The UAS image locations are derived from a mRo GPS (u-Blox Neo-M8N / 3DR SOLO Upgrade), located on the UAS, which receives signals from GPS and GLONASS satellites in WGS84 (G1150) EPSG::7660. This location information is used by the Photoscan software to help with the initial alignment, however after photo alignment, these location data have no bearing on the project or the derivative product. Therefore the positional accuracy and potential errors of the GPS data attached to the input photographs is not propagated to the Photoscan project and therefore does not contribute to the overall vertical accuracy of the products (Point Cloud and DEM).
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 2018
Title:
Geotagged low-altitude aerial imagery from unmanned aerial systems (UAS) flights over of the Lake Ontario shoreline in the vicinity of Braddock Bay, New York, USA in July 2017
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F74F1PX3
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F74F1PX3
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital images
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20170710
Ending_Date: 20170711
Source_Currentness_Reference:
ground condition; images were obtained between 20170710 and 20170711.
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: geotagged aerial digital images
Source_Contribution:
The digital images are the raw data used to produce subsequent photogrammetric products.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 2018
Title:
Ground control point and transect locations associated with images collected during unmanned aerial systems (UAS) flights over The Lake Ontario shoreline in the vicinity of Braddock Bay, New York in July 2017
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F74F1PX3
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F74F1PX3
Type_of_Source_Media: text data files
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20170710
Ending_Date: 20170711
Source_Currentness_Reference:
ground condition; ground control points were obtained between 20170710 and 20170711.
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: text files with ground control point (GCPs)
Source_Contribution:
The ground control points (GCPs; not transect points -- see metadata for more information) were used to geolocate the photogrammetric products
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Point Clouds for the Lake Ontario projects were constructed using photogrammetry software (Agisoft Photoscan Professional v. 1.3.2) and digital images taken approximately 80 and 100 m above the ground on July 10 - 14, 2017, with a Ricoh GRII digital camera mounted in a 3DR Solo quadcopter operated the U.S. Geological Survey. This point cloud is the product from one of several photogrammetry projects from field activity 2017-042-FA. Two projects incorporated flights over Braddock Bay on July 10 and 11, 2017 (Braddock West, Braddock East); four were used for flights in the vicinity of Sodus Bay on July 12, 13, and 14, 2017 (Lake Bluff / Crescent Bar, Crescent Bar / Charles Point, Sodus North, and Greig Street); and one project incorporated flights over Chimney Bluffs on July 14, 2017. The projects combined images with 5 to 27 ground control points to produce geolocated, colored (red-green-blue schema) point clouds. This point cloud, for the Braddock East project, was created using a standard processing flow as described in the processing step below.
Process_Date: 201709
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Person: Christopher R. Sherwood
Contact_Position: Research Oceanographer
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: Massachusetts
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: U.S.A.
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2269
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508 457 2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: csherwood@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The following steps make up the general processing flow for creating point clouds:
1. Geotagged images (see source citation) containing useful imagery from the survey area were imported into Agisoft Photoscan Professional v. 1.3.2 software using the “Add photos…” tool. Photos taken before and immediately after takeoff, photos taken immediately prior to and after landing, and photos with 100% water were not loaded into the project. Project coordinate system is set to EPSG::7660 WGS84 (G1150) geocentric coordinate system.
2. Using ”Convert”, the coordinate system of the images (called “cameras” in Photoscan) was converted from native latitude/longitude WGS84 (G1150) coordinate system to meters in NAD83/UTM zone 18N (EPSG::26918).
3. The photos were processed through an initial alignment and optimization procedure using the following settings: Alignment - Accuracy: “High”; Pair selection: “Reference”; Key point limit: 80,000; Tie point limit; 0 (unlimited). Adaptive camera model fitting option was selected. Optimization - Lens-calibration parameters f, cx, cy, k1, k2, k3, p1, and p2 were included; b1, b2, and higher-order parameters k4, p3, and p4 were not.
4. The sparse point cloud (also known as tie points; created as a result of photo alignment and optimization) was edited using an iterative error-reduction procedure to filter the data. This was done in several iterations of a process called "Gradual Selection" to first to reduce reconstruction uncertainty (to a unitless value of 10) and then projection accuracy (to a weighted value of 3).
5. Ground control points were created by first by letting the software automatically detect markers where it finds all of the 4-ft square black/white targets deployed (false targets that are sometimes detected were manually deleted). The automatically-generated marker labels were manually changed to match the names in the survey notes and GCP location files.
6. "Import markers” was used to load the GCP location files, which assigned coordinates (northing, easting, and elevation in UTM Zone 18 North meters in NAD83 and NAVD88 coordinate systems) from the location file to the detected markers. The locations of auto-detected markers were retained.
7. Another round of "Gradual Selection" was done to reduce the reprojection error (to a value of 0.3 pixels, unless more than 10% of the points would be removed).
8. A dense point cloud was then created with the parameters "High" quality and “Aggressive” depth filtering.
9. The dense point cloud was exported in LAZ format (2017-07-10_Braddock_East_POINTS.laz) and was then both were renamed to the AIM Data Release filenaming standard (e.g. 2017042FA_BraddockEast_PointCloud.laz).
Process_Date: 20170913
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U. S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Person: Christopher R. Sherwood
Contact_Position: Research Oceanographer
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: Massachusetts
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: U.S.A.
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2269
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508 457 2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: csherwood@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.
Process_Date: 20200807
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
SDTS_Terms_Description:
SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point
Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 284,512,267
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Map_Projection:
Map_Projection_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Transverse_Mercator:
Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75.00000
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000
False_Easting: 500000.0000
False_Northing: 0.0000
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 0.001
Ordinate_Resolution: 0.001
Planar_Distance_Units: meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101
Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Altitude_System_Definition:
Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88)
Altitude_Resolution: 0.001
Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
Altitude_Encoding_Method:
Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
The attribute information associated with point cloud follows the LAZ file standard. Attributes include location (northing, easting, and elevation in the NAD83/UTM zone 18N (EPSG::26918) horizontal and NAVD88 vertical coordinate systems), color (red, blue, and green components), intensity, and classification. All points are classified as 0 (unclassified).
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
City: Denver
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80225
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov
Resource_Description:
This data release contains point cloud data in LAZ format. FGDC CSDGM metadata (USGS_2017042FA_PointCloud_BraddockEast.xml) accompanies the data.
Distribution_Liability:
Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: LAZ
Format_Information_Content:
Unclassified point cloud in LAZ format and the associated FGDC CSDGM metadata in XML format.
File_Decompression_Technique:
Use LAStools (http://www.cs.unc.edu/~isenburg/lastools/) or LASzip (http://www.laszip.org) or mapping software that can read in a LAZ file.
Transfer_Size: 2770
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information: Access_Instructions:
The first link is to the page containing the data, the second link downloads all data available from the page as a zip file, and the third link is to the publication landing page. Because the dataset is over 1 GB, the user should go to the main landing page (first link) and use the large file download option to obtain the data. The second link may or may not work appropriately.
Fees: none
Technical_Prerequisites:
This file requires software capable of opening binary LAZ files.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20200807
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Sandra Brosnahan
Contact_Position: Physical Scientist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: Massachusetts
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2265
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sbrosnahan@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

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