Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Uncertainty table for lidar-derived shorelines used when calculating rates in the Digital Shoreline Analysis System software for central North Carolina (NCcentral) Edition: 1 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F74X55X7 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F74X55X7 Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/58b89143e4b01ccd5500c317 Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/58b89143e4b01ccd5500c317 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: M.G. Kratzmann Originator: E.A. Himmelstoss Originator: E.R. Thieler Publication_Date: 2017 Title: National Assessment of Shoreline Change— A GIS compilation of Updated Vector Shorelines and Associated Shoreline Change Data for the Southeast Atlantic Coast Edition: 1 Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F74X55X7 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F74X55X7 Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/58055f50e4b0824b2d1c1ee7 Description: Abstract: Sandy ocean beaches are a popular recreational destination, often surrounded by communities containing valuable real estate. Development is on the rise despite the fact that coastal infrastructure is subjected to flooding and erosion. As a result, there is an increased demand for accurate information regarding past and present shoreline changes. To meet these national needs, the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is compiling existing reliable historical shoreline data along open-ocean sandy shores of the conterminous United States and parts of Alaska and Hawaii under the National Assessment of Shoreline Change project. There is no widely accepted standard for analyzing shoreline change. Existing shoreline data measurements and rate calculation methods vary from study to study and prevent combining results into state-wide or regional assessments. The impetus behind the National Assessment project was to develop a standardized method of measuring changes in shoreline position that is consistent from coast to coast. The goal was to facilitate the process of periodically and systematically updating the results in an internally consistent manner. Purpose: This table includes: measurement and positional errors associated with the 1997 and 2009/2010 lidar shorelines for North Carolina, a proxy-datum bias value that corrects for the unidirectional offset between the mean high water (MHW) elevation of the lidar and the high water line (HWL) shorelines, as well as a measurement uncertainty in the total water level. The dataset contains a common attribute with the M-values stored for the lidar data within the NCcentral_shorelines.shp. These data are used in conjunction with the shoreline file to calculate rates of shoreline change for the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project. Rates of long-term and short-term shoreline change were generated in a GIS using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.3. DSAS uses a measurement baseline method to calculate rate-of-change statistics. Transects are cast from the reference baseline to intersect each shoreline, establishing measurement points used to calculate shoreline change rates. Supplemental_Information: Cross-referenced citations are applicable to the dataset as a whole. Additional citations are located within individual process steps that pertain specifically to the method described in that step. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19970920 Ending_Date: 20100531 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -78.543097 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.460321 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.548964 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.841265 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:58b89143e4b01ccd5500c317 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: lidar uncertainty Theme_Keyword: proxy-datum bias Theme_Keyword: high water line offsets Theme_Keyword: high water line uncertainty Theme_Keyword: Shoreline Change Theme_Keyword: Digital Shoreline Analysis System Theme_Keyword: DSAS Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project Theme_Keyword: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Theme_Keyword: NOAA Theme_Keyword: Coastal Services Center Theme_Keyword: CSC Theme_Keyword: MHW Theme_Keyword: Mean High Water Theme_Keyword: HWL Theme_Keyword: High Water Line Theme_Keyword: Database IV format Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) Keywords Theme_Keyword: effects of coastal change Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme_Keyword: shoreline accretion Theme_Keyword: shoreline erosion Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme_Keyword: erosion Theme_Keyword: shoreline accretion Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: North Carolina Place_Keyword: NC Place_Keyword: Cape Hatteras Place_Keyword: Green Island Place_Keyword: Ocracoke Island Place_Keyword: Ocracoke Inlet Place_Keyword: Portsmouth Island Place_Keyword: Horsepen Point Place_Keyword: Cape Lookout Place_Keyword: Atlantic Coast Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: North America Access_Constraints: None. Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: E.A. Himmelstoss Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-547-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ehimmelstoss@usgs.gov Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.2.2.3552 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Robert A. Morton Originator: Tara L. Miller Publication_Date: 2005 Title: National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Part 2 Historical Shoreline Changes and Associated Coastal Land Loss along the U.S. Southeast Atlantic Coast Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2005-1401 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1401/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: E.R. Thieler Originator: E.A. Himmelstoss Originator: J.L. Zichichi Originator: A. Ergul Publication_Date: 2009 Title: Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.0 - An ArcGIS extension for calculating shoreline change Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2008-1278 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Current version of software at time of use was 4.3 Online_Linkage: https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/DSAS/version4/ Online_Linkage: https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/DSAS/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Office for Coastal Management Originator: United States Geological Survey (USGS) Originator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publication_Date: 20140121 Title: 1997 Fall East Coast NOAA/USGS/NASA Airborne LiDAR Assessment of Coastal Erosion (ALACE) Project for the US Coastline Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: NOAA's Ocean Service, Office for Coastal Management Other_Citation_Details: Lidar data were obtained prior to the publication date listed in this citation. Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/data/coastallidar/ Online_Linkage: https://www.coast.noaa.gov Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Originator: Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of eXpertise (JALBTCX) Publication_Date: 20141114 Title: 2009 US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise (JALBTCX) Lidar: Currituck, Dare, and Hyde Counties, North Carolina Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: NOAA's Ocean Service, Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Other_Citation_Details: Lidar data were obtained prior to the publication date listed in this citation. Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/data/coastallidar Online_Linkage: https://www.coast.noaa.gov Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Publication_Date: 20141114 Title: 2009 USGS/NPS Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL): Cape Hatteras National Seashore - Post-Nor'easter Ida Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: NOAA's Ocean Service, Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Other_Citation_Details: Lidar data were obtained prior to the publication date listed in this citation. Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/data/coastallidar Online_Linkage: https://www.coast.noaa.gov Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Originator: JALBTCX (Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of eXpertise) Publication_Date: 20141114 Title: 2010 US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of eXpertise (JALBTCX) Southeast Lidar: Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: NOAA's Ocean Service, Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Other_Citation_Details: Lidar data were obtained prior to the publication date listed in this citation. Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/data/coastallidar Online_Linkage: https://www.coast.noaa.gov Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: E.A. Himmelstoss Originator: M.G. Kratzmann Originator: E.R. Thieler Publication_Date: 2017 Title: National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Summary Statistics for Updated Vector Shorelines and Associated Shoreline Change Data for the Gulf of Mexico and Southeast Atlantic Coasts Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2017-1015 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171015 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The attributes in this table record positional and measurement uncertainties and datum offsets calculated during the process of extracting an operational mean high water shoreline from the lidar data as described in the process steps. The field names are based on the requirements for use within the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software (USGS Open-File Report 2008-1278). Logical_Consistency_Report: Each row contains data associated with an individual vertex point along the lidar shorelines in NCcentral_shorelines.shp. Completeness_Report: The table only contains data where a Mean High Water shoreline point could be extrapolated from the lidar. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The lidar shorelines from 1997 and 2009/2010 have an average positional uncertainty of plus or minus 2.8 meters. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: An operational Mean High Water (MHW) shoreline was extracted from the lidar surveys within MATLAB v7.6 using a method similar to the one developed by Stockdon et al. (2002). Shorelines were extracted from cross-shore profiles which consist of bands of lidar data 2 m wide in the alongshore direction and spaced every 20 m along the coast. For each profile, the seaward sloping foreshore points were identified and a linear regression was fit through them. The regression was evaluated at the operational MHW elevation to yield the cross-shore position of the MHW shoreline. If the MHW elevation was obscured by water points, or if a data gap was present at MHW, the linear regression was simply extrapolated to the operational MHW elevation. A lidar positional uncertainty associated with this point was also computed. The horizontal offset between the datum-based lidar MHW shoreline and the proxy-based historical shorelines nearly always acts in one direction and the "bias" value was computed at each profile (Ruggiero and List, 2009). In addition an uncertainty associated with the bias was also computed, which can also be thought of as the uncertainty of the HWL shorelines due to water level fluctuations. Repeating this procedure at successive profiles generated a series of X,Y points that contain a lidar positional uncertainty, a bias, and a bias uncertainty value. Ruggiero, P. and List, J.H., 2009. Improving Accuracy and Statistical Reliability of Shoreline Position and Change Rate Estimates. Journal of Coastal Research: v.25, n.5, pp.1069-1081. Stockdon, H.F., Sallenger, A.H., List, J.H., and Holman, R.A., 2002. Estimation of Shoreline Position and Change using Airborne Topographic Lidar Data: Journal of Coastal Research, v.18, n.3, pp.502-513. The 1997 lidar data were processed in 2008 (20081113) and re-processed in 2016 to include a previously missing portion of data. The 2009-2010 lidar data were processed in 2014 (20140301). Process_Date: 20081113 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Amy Farris Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: afarris@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The series of operational MHW points extracted from the cross-shore lidar profiles were converted to a .dbf file storing the lidar positional uncertainty, the bias correction value, and the uncertainty of the bias correction for each point of the original lidar data. During the rate calculation process DSAS uses linear referencing to retrieve the uncertainty and bias values stored in the associated table. For a detailed explanation of the method used to store bias and uncertainty data in a table, please refer to Appendix 2, section 12.3 in the DSAS user guide: Himmelstoss, E.A. 2009. "DSAS 4.0 Installation Instructions and User Guide" in: Thieler, E.R., Himmelstoss, E.A., Zichichi, J.L., and Ergul, Ayhan. 2009. Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.0 - An ArcGIS extension for calculating shoreline change: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1278. https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/DSAS/version4/images/pdf/DSASv4_3.pdf The 1997 lidar data were processed in 2010 (20100323) and re-processed in 2016 to include a previously missing portion of data. The 2009-2010 lidar data were processed in 2014 (20140317). Process_Date: 20100323 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: E.A. Himmelstoss Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2262 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ehimmelstoss@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The uncertainty table, which contains bias values for the entire state, was renamed for each subregion and the appropriate ID values were followed during the calculations for each subregion within the state. In North Carolina, bias values were averaged for the lidar shorelines included in the dataset. The measurement numbers (M-values) are the same from survey to survey, as they are based on the lidar profile extraction lines which are constant and do not change through time. Where the profile intersects the shorelines, it is the same ID number, therefore, the lidar shorelines are linear referenced to the same M-value. When the DSAS software calls to the uncertainty table, the same averaged bias value is used for the lidar shorelines at a given location. This process step and all subsequent process steps were performed by the same person: M.G. Kratzmann. Process_Date: 2014 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: M.G. Kratzmann Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mkratzmann@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The shoreline uncertainty table (.dbf) was imported into a personal geodatabase in ArcCatalog v10.2 by right-clicking on the geodatabase > Import > Table (single). The uncertainty table was used with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) v4.3 software to perform rate calculations. Process_Date: 20160509 Process_Step: Process_Description: The shoreline uncertainty table was exported from the personal geodatabase back to a stand-alone dBase file using ArcCatalog v10.2 by right-clicking on the database file > Export > To dBase file (single) for publication purposes. Process_Date: 20160512 Process_Step: Process_Description: Keywords section of metadata optimized for discovery in USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Data Catalog. Process_Date: 20170825 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Alan O. Allwardt Contact_Position: Contractor -- Information Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7551 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 831-427-4748 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: aallwardt@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20200810 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: NCcentral_shorelines_uncertainty Entity_Type_Definition: uncertainty table Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: OID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: ID Attribute_Definition: This field is case-sensitive and name specific. The field contains a cross-shore lidar profile ID stored as the M-value (measure value) at each vertex in the calibrated shoreline route. This serves as the link between the lidar shoreline and the uncertainty table and must be a unique number at each point. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 22 Range_Domain_Maximum: 26107 Attribute: Attribute_Label: UNCY Attribute_Definition: This field heading is case-sensitive and name specific. The field contains the plus/minus horizontal uncertainty (meters) in the lidar shoreline position at each cross-shore beach profile. For details on the components that make up this uncertainty, refer to the Methods section of USGS Open-File report 2012-1007 cross-referenced in the metadata. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.59 Range_Domain_Maximum: 35.42 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: BIAS Attribute_Definition: This field heading is case-sensitive and name specific. The field contains a proxy-datum bias value describing the unidirectional horizontal offset (in meters) between the MHW elevation of the lidar data and HWL shoreline positions. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 17.3 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: UNCYB Attribute_Definition: This field heading is case-sensitive and name specific. The field contains the uncertainty in the calculated proxy-datum bias value (BIAS) in meters. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 9.13 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the dataset. Please review the individual attribute descriptions for detailed information. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Denver Federal Center Address: Building 810 Address: MS 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: dBase Format_Version_Number: IV Format_Specification: .dbf file format storing structured attribute data Format_Information_Content: This dBase file contains lidar positional and measurement uncertainties, proxy-datum bias offset values, and total water level uncertainties used when calculating rates in the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software with associated metadata. File_Decompression_Technique: no compression applied Transfer_Size: 1.51 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/58b89143e4b01ccd5500c317 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/58b89143e4b01ccd5500c317 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/58055f50e4b0824b2d1c1ee7 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F74X55X7 Access_Instructions: The first link downloads the contents of the data page as a zip file, the second link is to the landing page of the data, the third and fourth links are to the main landing page of the data release. Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: These data are available in dBase file format. The user must have software capable of reading or importing the dBase formatted data file. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20200810 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: M.G. Kratzmann Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mkratzmann@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time