Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Junbong Jang Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Dependence of sediment compressibility and recompressibility on pore fluid chemistry for pure, endmember fines Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F77M076K Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F77M076K Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5a8da9aee4b0699060594faa Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Junbong Jang Originator: Shuang C. Cao Originator: Laura A. Stern Originator: Jongwon Jung Originator: William F. Waite Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Effect of pore fluid chemistry on the sedimentation and compression behavior of pure, endmember fines Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F77M076K Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Jang, J., Cao, S.C., Stern, L.A., Jung, J., and Waite, W.F., 2018, Effect of pore fluid chemistry on the sedimentation and compression behavior of pure, endmember fines: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F77M076K. This dataset supports the following publication: Jang, J., Cao, S.C., Stern, L.A., Jung, J., and Waite, W.F., 2018, Impact of pore-fluid chemistry on fine-grained sediment fabric and compressibility: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2018JB015872, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB015872. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F77M076K Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5a8ca00ce4b069906054dff9 Description: Abstract: The safety, effectiveness and longevity of many construction and geotechnical engineering projects rely on correctly accounting for the evolution of soil properties over time. Critical sediment properties, such as compressibility, can change in response to pore-fluid chemistry changes, particularly if the sediment contains appreciable concentrations of fine-grained materials. Pore-fluid changes act at the micro scale, altering interactions between sediment particles, or between sediment particles and the pore fluid. These micro-scale alterations change how sediment fabrics and void ratios develop, which directly impacts macro-scale properties such as sediment compressibility. The goal of this study is to correlate sediment compressibility, a macro-scale property, to the micro-scale pore-fluid chemistry effects and ultimately to the electrical sensitivity for each sediment. Such a correlation would allow compressibility behavior to be estimated from knowledge of the index properties and mineralogy profile for each sediment. The data in this release support the correlation effort by providing: 1) sedimentation results that provide insight into micro-scale sediment fabric and void ratio dependence on sediment/fluid interactions, and 2) consolidation results that quantify the macro-scale compressibility and recompressibility parameters for a suite of fine-grained sediments and differing pore fluids. The related journal publication (Jang and others, 2018) demonstrates how the macro-scale compressibility and recompressibility results from the consolidation tests are linked back, through the sediment fabric and void ratio data from the sedimentation tests, to the micro-scale impact of pore-fluid chemistry and sediment electrical sensitivity. Purpose: Consolidation data provide the macro-scale expression of a set of micro-scale interactions between fine-grained particles and between those particles and the pore fluid surrounding them. These data support an effort to connect the micro- and macro-scale sediment response to changes in pore fluid chemistry. Data contained in this report cover a suite of fine-grained sediment types and pore fluid chemistries to provide trends for interpreting sediment compressibility over a range of environments, applications and system-evolution scenarios. Specifically, the consolidation data are used to build a correlation with a sediment index property (electrical sensitivity, which is based on the liquid limit of each sediment). The correlation is presented in the related journal article (Jang and others, 2018). Supplemental_Information: In addition to funding from the U.S. Geological Survey Gas Hydrate Project, this work is sponsored in part by the Department of Energy, both through an interagency agreement (DE-FE0026166) and a grant awarded to Louisiana State University (DE-FE0028966). More information about the project can be found at: https://www.netl.doe.gov/research/oil-and-gas/project-summaries/methane-hydrate/fe0028966-lsu-fe0026166-usgs Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2018 Currentness_Reference: These data are collected from laboratory measurements of generic endmember sediment types that were purchased rather than collected. The relevant reference for currentness is given as the publication date. Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned. Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -180 East_Bounding_Coordinate: 180 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 90 South_Bounding_Coordinate: -90 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:5a8ca00ce4b069906054dff9 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: fine-grained sediment Theme_Keyword: calcium carbonate Theme_Keyword: diatoms Theme_Keyword: illite Theme_Keyword: kaolin Theme_Keyword: mica Theme_Keyword: silica silt Theme_Keyword: deionized water Theme_Keyword: brine Theme_Keyword: kerosene Theme_Keyword: consolidation Theme_Keyword: compressibility Theme_Keyword: recompresibility Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: earth material properties Theme_Keyword: soil sciences Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Laboratory Place_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Place_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Access_Constraints: None. Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Junbong Jang Contact_Position: Geophysicist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: Massachusetts Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2278 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jjang@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5a8ca00ce4b069906054dff9?name=Endmember_Fines_Consolidation_BrowseGraphic.png Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Image showing consolidation test setup steps. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: The sediment used in these experiments were purchased rather than acquired through a field activity, so there is very little specimen-to-specimen variation for a given sediment. Sediment was shared between the two participating laboratories as described in the first process step, so each laboratory ran using sediment from the same batch. Pore fluid preparations were made in the same fashion each time, and the specimen set-up procedure always used the same initial fluid saturation. All tests were run on the same type of oedometer with the same number of loading/unloading steps. The major variation between runs is the pairing of a particular sediment with a particular pore fluid, and investigating that variation is the purpose of the larger study these data support. Completeness_Report: All 21 combinations of the 7 sediment types and 3 pore fluids were tested. Because small variations in the applied vertical stress for the oedometer could occur from one run to the next, the data are laid out in the spreadsheet assuming the applied vertical stress is unique to each run. This means each data row represents just one step in one experiment for a given pairing of sediment and pore fluid. For a given row, there are blanks in two of the three void ratio data columns, indicating the pore fluids associated with those data columns were not used in that particular test. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: These are laboratory measurements made on pure, endmember sediment specimens that were purchased rather than acquired through a field activity. There are no relevant horizontal position data for this work. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: These are laboratory measurements made on pure, endmember sediment specimens that were purchased rather than acquired through a field activity. There are no relevant vertical position data for this work. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Specimen set-up: The specimen setup process is imaged in the browse graphic: (A) sediment from one of the seven tested sediment types was mixed with one of the three tested pore fluids. The specimen was mixed with enough water to attain a fluid content of 1.2 times the liquid limit (liquid limit values provided in Table 1 of the related journal article publication (Jang and others, 2018) linked to this data release) and allowed to stabilize for 12 hours. This fluid content ensures the sediment is fully saturated with pore fluid. (B) The sediment-fluid mixture was placed into a Geotac 2.5 inch, 1-dimensional fixed-ring consolidometer, and (C, D) loaded into the Geotac load frame with additional water added above the specimen to ensure it would remain fully saturated for the entire test. Tests were completed at the U.S. Geological Survey in Woods Hole, MA (USGS) by Junbong Jang, and also at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, LA (LSU) by Shuang Cao. The two sites used identical Geotac 2.5 inch, 1-dimensional fixed-ring consolidometers. Sediment used in this study was purchased and delivered to the USGS in Woods Hole, where sediment splits were generated and shipped to LSU for testing. Only the specimen height differed between the two laboratories: USGS specimen height = 25.4 mm; LSU specimen height = 19.05 mm. Junbong Jang is the long-term contact for questions regarding results derived in either laboratory. Process_Date: 2017 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Junbong Jang Contact_Position: Geophysicist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: Massachusetts Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2278 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jjang@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Measurement: Consolidation measurements were run according to American Society for Testing and Materials standard D2435 [ASTM, 2011]. The applied vertical stress schedule was: 1) loading from 20 to 1280 kPa, doubling the load with each step; 2) unloading at 640, 160 and 40 kPa; 3) reloading from 80 to 1280 kPa, again doubling the loading stress at each step. Vertical stress measurements, taken from a load cell above the consolidometer, had a precision of ± 0.05 kPa. Void ratio measurements were made based on the specimen height (tracked continuously with a linear voltage displacement transducer) at a given vertical stress step, and calculated according to the derivation in ASTM D2435 [ASTM, 2011]. Void ratio results had a precision of ± 0.0005 [unitless]. Tests were completed at the U.S. Geological Survey in Woods Hole, MA (USGS) by Junbong Jang, and also at the Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, LA (LSU) by Shuang Cao, both according to ASTM-D2435 [ASTM, 2011]. Junbong Jang is the long-term contact for questions regarding results derived in either laboratory. Full reference citation: ASTM D2435 / D2435M-11, Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2011, www.astm.org , DOI: 10.1520/D2435_D2435M-11. Process_Date: 2017 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Junbong Jang Contact_Position: Geophysicist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address:  84 Woods Hole Road City:  oods Hole State_or_Province:  assachusetts Postal_Code:  2543-1598 Country:  SA Contact_Voice_Telephone:  08-548-8700 x2278 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone:  08-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address:  jang@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Data archiving: Microsoft Excel version 15.33 was used to gather all data in a spreadsheet. Measured interface heights and elapsed times were arranged by sediment and pore fluid type. Results were then exported to a comma-separated values (csv) file format. Process_Date: 2017 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Junbong Jang Contact_Position: Geophysicist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: Massachusetts Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2278 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jjang@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20200807 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Endmember_Fines_Consolidation_Data Entity_Type_Definition: Dependence of specimen void ratio on applied vertical stress (One dimensional consolidation) in fine-grained sediment specimens saturated with various fluids. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: Sediment Attribute_Definition: Type of sediment used in the consolidation test Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set (text). Attribute: Attribute_Label: Laboratory Attribute_Definition: Where the test was conducted. USGS = U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole, MA by Junbong Jang. LSU = Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA by Shuang Cao. Tests used sediment from the same purchased batches, identical consolidometers and the same standard test sequence. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set (text). Attribute: Attribute_Label: Step Attribute_Definition: Sequential index indicating where in the 17-step consolidation process the data were measured. In the related journal article publication into which these data were incorporated, only data for Step #3 and beyond were used from each test. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 17 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: none Attribute: Attribute_Label: Action Attribute_Definition: Describes action associate with the Step. Options are: 'initial', which describes the initial state of the specimen as the system is put together; 'loading', which describes an experimental step in which the vertical stress was increased to the value listed in that row for 'Vertical Stress [kPa]' and 'unloading', which describes an experimental step in which the vertical stress was decreased to the value listed in that row for 'Vertical Stress [kPa]'. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set (text). Attribute: Attribute_Label: Vertical Stress [kPa] Attribute_Definition: This is the 1-dimensional (vertical) stress applied to the specimen during the consolidation test. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1283.7 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: kilopascals Attribute: Attribute_Label: Void Ratio_Deionized Water Attribute_Definition: Void ratio is the volume of void space (filled with deionized water in tests with data in this column) divided by the volume of solid sediment in the specimen. This parameter has no units. As the applied vertical stress increases, the specimen tends to become shorter and the volume of void space decreases. The volume of solids is assumed to remain constant. Blank entries mean deionized water was not the fluid being tested at the vertical stress given for that row of the spreadsheet. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.4 Range_Domain_Maximum: 9.5 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: None Attribute: Attribute_Label: Void Ratio_Brine Attribute_Definition: Void ratio is the volume of void space (filled with 2-Molar brine in tests with data in this column) divided by the volume of solid sediment in the specimen. This parameter has no units. As the applied vertical stress increases, the specimen tends to become shorter and the volume of void space decreases. The volume of solids is assumed to remain constant. Blank entries mean 2-Molar brine was not the fluid being tested at the vertical stress given for that row of the spreadsheet. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.4 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.5 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: None Attribute: Attribute_Label: Void Ratio_Kerosene Attribute_Definition: Void ratio is the volume of void space (filled with kerosene in tests with data in this column) divided by the volume of solid sediment in the specimen. This parameter has no units. As the applied vertical stress increases, the specimen tends to become shorter and the volume of void space decreases. The volume of solids is assumed to remain constant. Blank entries mean kerosene was not the fluid being tested at the vertical stress given for that row of the spreadsheet. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.9 Range_Domain_Maximum: 5.6 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: None Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: These data are available in a Microsoft Excel XLSX as well as a CSV format. The first line in the XLSX and CSV file is a header line and those labels are the same as those defined in the attribute section. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: This dataset contains four files: Endmember_Fines_ Consolidation_Data.xlsx (data in an Excel spreadsheet), Endmember_Fines_ Consolidation_Data.csv (same data in a comma-separated text file), Endmember_Fines_ Consolidation_BrowseGraphic.png (browse graphic), and FGDC CSDGM metadata in XML format. Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: XLXS Format_Version_Number: Microsoft Excel version 15.33 Format_Information_Content: The dataset contains the XLSX and CSV format of the data, a browse graphic and associated FGDC CSDGM metadata. Transfer_Size: 1 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5a8ca00ce4b069906054dff9 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5a8ca00ce4b069906054dff9 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F77M076K Access_Instructions: The first link downloads all the data on the landing page and provides them in a zip file, the second link goes to the dataset landing page where files can be downloaded individually, and the third link goes to the data release main landing page. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: CSV Format_Version_Number: Microsoft Excel version 15.33 Format_Specification: Comma-Separated Values exported from Excel Format_Information_Content: The dataset contains the XLSX and CSV format of the data, a browse graphic and associated FGDC CSDGM metadata. Transfer_Size: 1 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5a8ca00ce4b069906054dff9 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5a8ca00ce4b069906054dff9 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F77M076K Access_Instructions: The first link downloads all the data on the landing page and provides them in a zip file, the second link goes to the dataset landing page where files can be downloaded individually, and the third link goes to the data release main landing page. Fees: None. Technical_Prerequisites: These data are available in XLSX and CSV formats, and a browse graphic in PNG format. The user must have software capable of reading the data formats. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20200807 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: William F. Waite Contact_Position: Geophysicist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2346 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wwaite@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998