U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 2017 1.0 remote-sensing image data release DOI:10.5066/F7J38RFK Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program https://doi.org/10.5066/F7J38RFK https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/599f2ecde4b0e5eb065ec7a1 Bradford Butman William W. Danforth John E. Hughes Clarke Richard P. Signell 2017 1.0 data release DOI:10.5066/F7J38RFK Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Suggested citation: Butman, Bradford, Danforth, W.W., Clarke, J.E.H., and Signell, R.P., 2017, Bathymetry and backscatter intensity of the sea floor of the Atlantic Beach artificial reef, offshore of New York: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7J38RFK. https://doi.org/10.5066/F7J38RFK The Atlantic Beach artificial reef, located on the sea floor 3 nautical miles south of Atlantic Beach, New York in about 20 meters water depth, was built to create habitat for marine life. The reef was originally created by placing heavy materials such as tires, automobile bodies and other vehicles, barges, and rock from a dredging project on the sea floor. In 2000, the U.S. Geological Survey surveyed the area using a Simrad EM1000 multibeam echosounder mounted on the Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) ship Frederick G. Creed. The purpose of this multibeam survey, done in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers when the Creed was in the New York region in April 2000, was to map the bathymetry and backscatter intensity of the sea floor in the area of the Atlantic Beach artificial reef. The data from this survey are bathymetry, backscatter intensity, and navigation trackline. The GeoTIFF image of shaded-relief bathymetry, pseudocolored colored by backscatter intensity, provides a visualization of both bathymetry and backscatter intensity. The shaded-relief image was created by vertically exaggerating the bathymetry four times and then artificially illuminating the relief from the east by a light source positioned 45 degrees above the horizon. The illumination from the east, approximately parallel to the survey lines, minimizes artifacts caused by small depth changes that may occur between lines. The backscatter intensity is represented by a suite of eight colors ranging from blue (low intensity) to green to yellow to red (high intensity). Other datasets from the 2000 survey of the Atlantic Beach artificial reef may be found in Butman and others (2017) (see larger work citation). More information on the field activity that collected these data, see the field activity page https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2000-015-FA. 20000420 ground condition Complete None planned -73.741679 -73.691746 40.543342 40.523364 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:599f2ecde4b0e5eb065ec7a1 none backscatter intensity shaded-relief bathymetry GeoTIFF image multibeam sea floor mapping Simrad EM1000 Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) ship Frederick G. Creed WHCMSC field activity 2000-015-FA Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (WHCMSC) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) USACE New York District Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP) U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Canadian Hydrographic Service University of New Brunswick ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans geoscientificInformation imageryBaseMapsEarthCover USGS Thesaurus bathymetry sea-floor acoustic reflectivity sea-floor characteristics multibeam sonar marine geophysics none Atlantic Beach artificial reef New York Bight Middle Atlantic Bight mid-Atlantic Bight New Jersey New York North Atlantic Ocean none sea floor seafloor none 2000 None These data are not to be used for navigation purposes. U.S. Geological Survey Bradford Butman mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-548-8700 x 2212 bbutman@usgs.gov https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/599f2ecde4b0e5eb065ec7a1?name=abreef_srback2m_browsegraphic.jpg Browse graphic of the shaded-relief bathymetry, pseudocolored by backscatter intensity, of the sea floor of the Atlantic Beach artificial reef, JPEG Microsoft Windows Vista Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.4095 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Unknown http://www.dec.ny.gov/outdoor/71702.html All data were processed in the same manner. Some features in the multibeam data are artifacts of data collection and environmental conditions. They include small highs and lows and unnatural-looking features, and patterns oriented parallel or perpendicular to survey tracklines. The orientation of tracklines is sometimes identified by parallel stripes in the image. Line 2061 is about 800 m short on the eastern end which results in a strip of no data between adjacent lines 2059 and 2063. All data from the multibeam survey of the Atlantic Beach artificial reef are included in the mosaic. There are a few gaps in the image due to incomplete coverage by the multibeam system in either backscatter intensity or bathymetry. These data were navigated with a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS); they are accurate to +/- 3 meters, horizontally. Canadian Hydrographic Service William W. Danforth John E. Hughes Clarke Unpublished Material disc 20000420 20000420 ground condition Raw multibeam data The multibeam data were collected with a Simrad EM1000 multibeam echosounder mounted on the Canadian Coast Guard ship Frederick G. Creed. The multibeam system utilizes 60 electronically-aimed receive beams spaced at intervals of 2.5 degrees that insonify a strip of sea floor up to 7.5 times the water depth. The horizontal resolution of the beam on the sea floor is approximately 10 % of the water depth. Vertical resolution is approximately 1 % of the water depth. Data were collected along tracklines spaced 5-7 times the water depth apart at a speed of 10-14 knots. The Atlantic Beach artificial reef area was surveyed in a Zamboni pattern (for efficient turns at high speed) with lines running east-west. The Zamboni pattern yields blocks of eastward-run lines adjacent to blocks of westward-run lines. The frequency of the sonar was 95 kHz. Sound velocity profiles were obtained and input into the Simrad processing system to correct for refraction. Navigation was by means of differential GPS. Operation of the Simrad EM1000 was carried out by hydrographers of the Canadian Hydrographic Service. The data were collected on Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center field activity 2000-015-FA (https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fa=2000-015-FA). A suite of processing software, called SwathEd, developed by the Ocean Mapping Group at the University of New Brunswick (UNB), Canada, was used to process and grid the multibeam data and to produce images. The metadata for the grid (see larger work citation) describes the processing steps applied to the navigation and bathymetric soundings. The following processing steps produced the shaded-relief image of bathymetry, pseudocolored by backscatter intensity, for the Atlantic Beach reef data: 1. Create backscatter files that can be then mosaicked from the backscatter time series: Command line: getBeamPattern filename (prefix only) Command line: makess -pixel 1.0 -beam_patt beampatt filename (prefix only) output.ss Command line: glfill output.ss output.ss_fill (fills in data dropouts). 2. Mosaic all the backscatter files created in the last step (for each output.ss_fill), and then use a two point linear contrast stretch to enhance the backscatter image. Command line: mos2 -autoseam -maxazi 10 -maxdist 10 mosaic_file output.ss_fill Command line: stretchacres -low 180 -high 220 -in mosaic_file -out mosaic_file.stretch Stretches image from 0-254; 255 no data. 3. Create a shaded-relief image of the bathymetry using SwathEd routine addSUN (sun elevation of 45 degrees from an azimuth of 90 degrees, vertically exaggerating four times). The illumination from the east, approximately parallel to the survey lines, minimizes artifacts caused by small depth changes that may occur between lines. Command line: addSUN -elev 45 -azi 90 -vert_exag 4.0 gridFile.r4 filename.shade 2010 U.S. Geological Survey William W. Danforth mailing and physical address

Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 USA 508-548-8700 x2274 bdanforth@usgs.gov Use a two-point linear contrast stretch (0-254; 255 no data) to enhance the shaded-relief image: Command line: stretchacres -low 150 -high 200 -in filename.shade -out filename_shade.stretch Create an image of shaded-relief topography, pseudocolored by backscatter intensity: Command line: mix_ci -c mosaic_file.stretch -i filename_shade.stretch -m mosaic_file.pseudo Create a TIFF image from the pseudocolored backscatter mosaic file using the netpbm utilities (http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/): Command line: rawtopgm -headerskip 1024 image_width image_height mosaic_file.pseudo | pnmtotiff -none - > mosaic_pseudo.tif 2016 U.S. Geological Survey William W. Danforth mailing and physical address

Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 USA 508-548-8700 x2274 bdanforth@usgs.gov Create an TIFF world file (tfw) for the pseudocolored backscatter intensity image for import to ArcGIS. Copy bounding box and resolution information from the jview program output to the .tfw file. Command line: jview mosaic_file.pseudo 2010 U.S. Geological Survey William W. Danforth mailing and physical address

Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 USA 508-548-8700 x2274 bdanforth@usgs.gov Import image into Photoshop and convert from an 8-bit image to a 3-band 24-bit RGB image. This improves quality of image when viewed in ArcMap at large scale. 2010 U.S. Geological Survey William W. Danforth mailing and physical address

Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 USA 508-548-8700 x2274 bdanforth@usgs.gov Create GeoTIFF from TIFF image and world file using the Define Projection Tool in Data Management Tools, Projections and Transformations in ArcToolbox 9.3. Projection is custom Mercator, central meridian of -75.0 degrees, latitude of true scale 40.0 degrees north, false easting 0.0, false northing 0.0; Geographic Coordinate System WGS 1984. 2016 U.S. Geological Survey Bradford Butman mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-548-8700 x 2212 bbutman@usgs.gov Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. 20200807 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Raster Pixel 1118 2132 1 Mercator 40.000000 -75.000000 0.000000 0.000000 row and column 2.000000 2.000000 meters D_WGS_1984 WGS_1984 6378137.000000 298.257224 The backscatter intensity is combined with the topography to display the distribution of intensity in relation to the topography. In the image shown here, the backscatter intensity is represented by a suite of eight colors ranging from blue (low intensity) to green to yellow to red (high intensity). These data are draped over a shaded-relief image created by vertically exaggerating the topography four times and then artificially illuminating the relief by a light source positioned 45 degrees above the horizon from 90 degrees. The resulting image displays light and dark intensities within each color band that result from a feature's position with respect to the light source. For example, east-facing slopes, receiving strong illumination, show as a light intensity within a color band, whereas west-facing slopes, being in shadow, show as a dark intensity within a color band. The backscatter data have a striping that runs parallel to the ship trackline. Image is 3-band, 24-bit R, G, B; (255,255,255) is no data. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing and physical address

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Denver CO 80225 1-888-275-8747 abreef_srback2m.zip: contains the image of shaded-relief bathymetry pseudocolored by backscatter intensity (abreef_srback2m.tif), world file for image (abreef_srback2m.tfw), browse graphic (abreef_srback2m_browsegraphic.jpg), and associated FGDC-compliant metadata (CSDGM format). Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the U.S. Geological Survey, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. GeoTIFF ArcGIS 9.3 GeoTIFF image GeoTIFF image of shaded-relief bathymetry, pseudocolored by backscatter intensity, from a multibeam survey of the Atlantic Beach artificial reef compressed in a zip file. zip archive 2.3 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/599f2ecde4b0e5eb065ec7a1 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/599f2ecde4b0e5eb065ec7a1?name=abreef_srback2m.zip https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/599f2ecde4b0e5eb065ec7a1 https://doi.org/10.5066/F7J38RFK The network resources offer the options of downloading all the files, individual files, accessing the landing page of the data, or accessing the main landing page of the data release. none The GeoTIFF image of shaded-relief bathymetry, pseudocolored by backscatter intensity, and associated metadata from the Atlantic Beach artificial reef survey are available in a zip file (abreef_srback2m.zip). To utilize these data, the user must have software capable of uncompressing the zip file and GIS software capable of displaying a GeoTIFF image. 20240319 U.S. Geological Survey Bradford Butman mailing and physical address

Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 USA 508-548-8700 x2212 whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240319) FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time