Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Emily J. Sturdivant Originator: Erika E. Lentz Originator: E. Robert Thieler Originator: David P. Remsen Originator: Simon Miner Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Positions of temporary targets used as ground control points associated with UAS flights over Black Beach, Falmouth, Massachusetts on 18 March 2016 (text file) Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital text files Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F7KW5F04 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Other_Citation_Details: The first link is to the publication landing page. The second link is to the page containing the data. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KW5F04 Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/59b00e00e4b020cdf7d4db31 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Emily J. Sturdivant Originator: E. Robert Thieler Originator: Erika E. Lentz Originator: David P. Remsen Originator: Simon Miner Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Topographic, imagery, and raw data associated with unmanned aerial systems (UAS) flights over Black Beach, Falmouth, Massachusetts on 18 March 2016 Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F7KW5F04 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Sturdivant, E.J., Thieler, E.R., Lentz, E.E., Remsen, D.P., and Miner, Simon, 2017, Topographic, imagery, and raw data associated with unmanned aerial systems (UAS) flights over Black Beach, Falmouth, Massachusetts on 18 March 2016: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KW5F04. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KW5F04 Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/59a05400e4b038630d030442 Description: Abstract: Imagery acquired with unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and coupled with structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry can produce high-resolution topographic and visual reflectance datasets that rival or exceed lidar and orthoimagery. These new techniques are particularly useful for data collection of coastal systems, which requires high temporal and spatial resolution datasets. The U.S. Geological Survey worked in collaboration with members of the Marine Biological Laboratory and Woods Hole Analytics at Black Beach, in Falmouth, Massachusetts to explore scientific research demands on UAS technology for topographic and habitat mapping applications. This project explored the application of consumer-grade UAS platforms as a cost-effective alternative to lidar and aerial/satellite imagery to support coastal studies requiring high-resolution elevation or remote sensing data. A small UAS was used to capture low-altitude photographs and GPS devices were used to survey reference points. These data were processed in an SfM workflow to create an elevation point cloud, an orthomosaic image, and a digital elevation model. Purpose: These points were surveyed to provide the horizontal and vertical positions of 18 temporary targets that were used to geo-reference photogrammetric products derived from an aerial image survey at Black Beach on 18 March, 2016. Supplemental_Information: For more information regarding field activity 2016-010-FA, see https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2016-010-FA. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20160318 Currentness_Reference: ground condition temporary markers Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.643 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.641 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.586 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.583 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:59b00e00e4b020cdf7d4db31 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: aerial images Theme_Keyword: unmanned aerial system Theme_Keyword: UAS Theme_Keyword: drone Theme_Keyword: ground control point Theme_Keyword: targets Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: aerial photography Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: Cape Cod Place_Keyword: Barnstable Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Place_Keyword: Falmouth Place_Keyword: Black Beach Place_Keyword: Great Sippewissett Marsh Place_Keyword: Great Sippewissett Inlet Place_Keyword: Buzzards Bay Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Emily J. Sturdivant Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: Massachusetts Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2230 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: esturdivant@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/59b00e00e4b020cdf7d4db31/?name=bb20160318_gcps_browse.png Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Map of ground control point locations Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: Coordinates recorded for each entry describe discrete positions in space. A total of 18 targets were placed, each of which had a unique ID between 1 and 20. Targets 1-10 are referred to in the data as TXX, whereas the remaining targets are referred to as gcpXX. Targets 17 and 18 were not placed. Completeness_Report: The locations of all 18 targets are listed in the text file. In cases where the same target was surveyed multiple times, the surveyed locations were compared and finding that all locations matched, those surveyed by Brosnahan were retained. The Note column indicates the target number. The following columns were removed because they contained values that were unnecessary or misleading: Point_ID, Cartesian_X, Cartesian_Y, Cartesian_Z, Ant_Hgt_KI, Ant_Hgt_True, Solution, PC DATE STAMP, PC TIME STAMP, and GPS END TIME. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has not been conducted. Horizontal RMS error is calculated for each point in the column “Dev_1” of the data file. The average HRMS error estimated by the receivers is approximately 0.011 m. The largest horizontal difference measured was 0.017 m. Positions were only recorded when the solution was fixed. Number of visible satellites was always greater than 13 and the geometry of triangulation points was consistently of high quality, indicated by dilution of precision (DOP) values close to 1. Position DOP ranged from 0.9 to 1.1, horizontal DOP from 0.5 to 0.7, and vertical DOP from 0.8 to 0.9. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: A formal accuracy assessment of the positional information in the data set has not been conducted. Vertical RMS is recorded for each entry in the column “Dev_2” of the data file. The average VRMS estimated by the receivers is approximately 0.014 m. The largest vertical difference measured was 0.018 m. Number of visible satellites was always greater than 13 and the geometry of triangulation points was consistently of high quality, indicated by dilution of precision (DOP) values close to 1. Position DOP ranged from 0.9 to 1.1, horizontal DOP from 0.5 to 0.7, and vertical DOP from 0.8 to 0.9. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: These points correspond to the 18 temporary targets placed in the field by the U.S. Geological Survey field crew and used as ground control points (GCPs) to geo-reference SfM products. Field crews distributed 18 targets evenly around the study area by referring to a pre-created map with suggested placement of GCPs. Targets were commercial 4 ft x 4 ft x 4-mil thick PVC plastic sheets diagonally quartered in alternating black and white triangles (Berntsen International, Inc. product number AT48IC-STK). Each target was labeled with a unique identifying integer. Field crews used three differential GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) rover instruments to record the horizontal and vertical position of the targets. The rovers received differential GPS corrections in real time from a base station on the Massachusetts Continuously Operating Reference Station Network (MaCORS) for RTK position corrections that yield (x,y,z) data accurate to within 1-3 cm (network: NTRIP RTCM3_MAX). The RTK base station was located in East Falmouth, approximately 9 km from Black Beach. Positions were referenced to WGS 84, UTM Zone 19 North (meters horizontal) and Geoid 12a, NAVD88 (meters vertical) by the MaCORS base station. Two rovers were Spectra Precision model SP80 GNSS receivers with antenna SPP91564_2 (radius: 0.0985 m; slant height measure point: 0.028 m; L1 offset: 0.0826 m; L2 offset: 0.0756 m; instrument height: 2.0826 m) and the other, model ProMark GNSS Receiver 800 was operated with antenna ASH802147 (radius: 0.098 m; slant height measure point: 0.04 m; L1 offset: 0.0852 m; L2 offset: 0.0922 m; instrument height: 2.0852 m). Rover antennas were mounted on 2-m survey rods with bubble levels and 5-cm (2-inch) sand feet. The receivers were connected to Carlson CHC LT30 Handheld Terminal running Carlson SurvCE software under Windows Mobile v. 6.1 Professional operating system. Rovers were operated by Sandy Brosnahan, Barry Irwin, Jonathan Borden, and E. Robert Thieler to survey the temporary targets and survey elevations around the study area. The SP80 rover operated by Brosnahan was connected by receiver Wifi to a data collector running SurvCE Version 4.06. Brosnahan surveyed Targets 1–10 (twice surveying Target 2) on the western landmass and two south–north transects from the tidal flats to the marsh. The rover operated by Thieler was connected by Data Collector Internet to the data collector running SurvCE Version 4.07. Thieler surveyed targets 11–16 and 19–20. The ProMark 800 was connected by internal GSM to the data collector running SurvCE Version 4.90.44. It was operated by Irwin to survey Targets 1–10 (except for Target 2) and 5 west–east transects from the beach and to the marsh. Positions were only recorded when the solution was fixed. The measurements were exported from the data collector in a text file in the RW5 format and then converted to a comma-separated values file using the Carlson Report Generator for a SurvCE RW5 Report (https://www.carlsonemea.com/cwa/report). The three datasets were consolidated into one and then manually divided into two: GCP locations and transect points by referring to the operator-entered label stored in the Note column. The Note column indicates the target number and can be used to match the coordinate to its corresponding target. All points used as GCPs in SfM processing (see bb_20160318_pointcloud.laz metadata in the larger work) are listed in the text file. The following columns were removed because they contained values that were unnecessary or misleading: Point_ID, Cartesian_X, Cartesian_Y, Cartesian_Z, Ant_Hgt_KI, Ant_Hgt_True, Solution, PC DATE STAMP, PC TIME STAMP, and GPS END TIME. The Note column was moved to the first column position. The columns PhotoScan_ptID and Operator were added and populated manually to correspond to the GCP label in the SfM software and the rover operator. Process_Date: 20160318 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Emily J. Sturdivant Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: Massachusetts Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x22630 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: esturdivant@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20200807 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -69.00000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000 False_Easting: 500000.0000 False_Northing: 0.0000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.001 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.001 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) Ellipsoid_Name: WGS 84 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) Altitude_Resolution: 0.01 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: bb20160318_gcps.csv Entity_Type_Definition: These files contain positions in the horizontal and vertical plane surveyed at Black Beach to provide independent reference points for accuracy assessment of photogrammetric elevation products. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: Note Attribute_Definition: Target identifier. Attribute_Definition_Source: GPS operator Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: character set Attribute: Attribute_Label: Latitude Attribute_Definition: Latitude in degrees minutes seconds referenced to WGS 84. Attribute_Definition_Source: SP80 GNSS receiver Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 41 34 59.559114 Range_Domain_Maximum: 41 35 11.049408 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees minutes seconds Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1.0E-6 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Longitude Attribute_Definition: Longitude in degrees minutes seconds referenced to WGS 84. Attribute_Definition_Source: SP80 GNSS receiver Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -70 38 36.578868 Range_Domain_Maximum: -70 38 27.210132 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees minutes seconds Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1.0E-6 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Elevation Attribute_Definition: Ellipsoid elevation in meters referenced to WGS 84 mean sea level. Attribute_Definition_Source: SP80 GNSS receiver Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -26.6034 Range_Domain_Maximum: -23.7434 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1.0E-4 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Local_N Attribute_Definition: Northing in meters referenced to UTM Zone 19 North referenced to WGS 84. Attribute_Definition_Source: SP80 GNSS receiver Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 4604805.531 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4605156.798 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1.0E-4 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Local_E Attribute_Definition: Easting in meters referenced to UTM Zone 19 North referenced to WGS 84. Attribute_Definition_Source: SP80 GNSS receiver Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 363008.5896 Range_Domain_Maximum: 363226.5609 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1.0E-4 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Local_Z Attribute_Definition: Elevation referenced to NAVD88. Attribute_Definition_Source: SP80 GNSS receiver Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0212 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.8787 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1.0E-4 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Dev_1 Attribute_Definition: Horizontal RMS error reported by the GNSS receiver. Attribute_Definition_Source: SP80 GNSS receiver Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.008 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.017 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1.0E-4 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Dev_2 Attribute_Definition: Vertical RMS error reported by the GNSS receiver. Attribute_Definition_Source: SP80 GNSS receiver Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.01 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.022 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1.0E-4 Attribute: Attribute_Label: noSV Attribute_Definition: number of visible satellites, dilution of precision (DOP), Attribute_Definition_Source: SP80 GNSS receiver Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 14 Range_Domain_Maximum: 18 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PDOP Attribute_Definition: Positional dilution of precision (DOP) Attribute_Definition_Source: SP80 GNSS receiver Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.9 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.6 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1.0E-1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: HDOP Attribute_Definition: Horizontal dilution of precision (DOP) Attribute_Definition_Source: SP80 GNSS receiver Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.5 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.9 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1.0E-1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: VDOP Attribute_Definition: Vertical dilution of precision (DOP) Attribute_Definition_Source: SP80 GNSS receiver Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.8 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.4 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1.0E-1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: GPS_TIME Attribute_Definition: Date and time in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) at which the data were recorded in the field in Fri, 18 Mar 2016 HH:MM:SS format. Attribute_Definition_Source: SP80 GNSS receiver Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: Fri, 18 Mar 2016 14:03:41 Range_Domain_Maximum: Fri, 18 Mar 2016 14:52:03 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PhotoScan_ptID Attribute_Definition: Point number assigned by PhotoScan to the GCP Attribute_Definition_Source: Agisoft Photoscan Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: character set Attribute: Attribute_Label: Operator Attribute_Definition: Surname of crewmember who collected the point. Attribute_Definition_Source: Sturdivant Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: character set Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The text file contains one header line and 18 additional lines with 16 columns of comma-separated values. The first header line contains column headings. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: The data include a comma-separated values file of the ground control points and one PNG file with a map of the study area with markers indicating locations of the ground control points. Additionally, the CSDGM FGDC metadata in XML format is included. Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, the USGS, the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole Analytics, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: CSV Format_Information_Content: The CSV of coordinates collected at temporary targets as well as a JPEG map indicating the locations of the targets. FGDC CSDGM metadata is also included. Transfer_Size: 0.021 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/59b00e00e4b020cdf7d4db31 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/59b00e00e4b020cdf7d4db31 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KW5F04 Access_Instructions: The first link is to the page containing the data. The second is a direct link to download a zipped file with the data. And the final link is to the publication landing page. Fees: none Technical_Prerequisites: The file is plain text with comma-separated-values. It can be read with most editors and spreadsheet programs. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20211119 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Emily J. Sturdivant Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: Massachusetts Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2230 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the metadata contact is no longer with the USGS or the email is otherwise invalid. Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998